Microscopes are instruments that magnify small objects so they can be seen more clearly. There are two main types: simple microscopes, which use a single lens, and compound microscopes, which use multiple lenses to provide higher magnification. Compound microscopes have various parts, including objective lenses of different magnifications, eyepieces, a stage to hold samples, and focus knobs to adjust the image sharpness. They work by using lenses to bend light from the sample through the microscope's optical system and into the user's eye.

1. Introduction of Microscopes
Microscope: Instrument used to make
small object appear larger. Simple and
Compound.
Simple Microscope vs. Compound Microscope
One lens More than one lens used

2. Microscopes
There are two types of microscope
◦ Light
◦ Electron
Properties of microscopes
— Magnification:The process of enlarging something in
appearance.
— Resolution:Ability to distinguish the individual parts of a
object.This is another term for the sharpness
of an image.

3. Microscopes
Magnification and Lenses
— The lenses in light microscopes magnify an object
by bending the light that passes through them.
— On a hand lens you will see that the lens is curved,
not flat.The center of the lens is thicker than the
edge.
— A lens with this curved shape is called a convex
lens.

4. Microscopes
Magnification and Lenses
— When light passes through the sides of the lens it
bends inward.
— When this light hits the eye, the eye sees the object
as larger than it really is.

5. Microscopes
Compound Microscope Magnification
— Compound microscopes contain multiple lenses which makes
it more powerful than just one lens.
— The first lens, near the specimen, magnifies the object.Then a
second lens, near the eye, further magnifies the enlarged
image.
— The total magnification of the microscope is equal to the
magnifications of the two lenses multiplied together.
Light passes through a specimen and then
through two lenses, as seen in the picture on
this slide.

6. Microscopes
How it works:
— The first lens makes an object look 10 times bigger than it actually
is.
— The second lens makes the object look 40 times bigger than it
actually is.
— The total magnification of the microscope is 10 x 40, or 400.

11. ocular lens/eyepiece
objective lenses
body tube
base
coarse adjustment knob
fine adjustment knob
stage
stage clips
diaphragm
arm
revolving/rotating nosepiece
light source/
illuminator
condenser
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

12. Ocular Lens / Eyepiece
• Contains a lens to _______ the image of the specimen.
• The usual magnification is ___ X.
• Some microscopes have ___ ocular lenses.
magnify
10
two
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

13. Body Tube
• It ________ the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
connects
• It ensures the correct ________ of the microscope
components to correctly _____ the light from the
specimen into the viewer’s eye
alignment
direct
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

14. • One ____ should be around the arm when _______ the
microscope (the other should be under the ____)
Arm
• It ________ the body tube to the base.
connects
hand carrying
base
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

15. • It contains the _________ and __________.
• It ________ the weight of the microscope.
• One hand should be _____ the base while _______
the microscope (the other hand should be holding the
arm).
Base
supports
electronics
carrying
light source
under
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

16. Light Source / Illuminator
• It sends light _______ through the _____________
and through the ____ in the stage onto the ________
on the slide.
hole specimen
condenser lens
upwards
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCO
mirror
• Older microscopes used to use ______ to ______ the
ambient light upwards.
mirrors reflect

17. Revolving/Rotating Nose Piece
• The _____________ are attached to it.
• _______ the nose piece allows you to _____
between the different lenses.
objective lenses
Rotating switch
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCO

18. Objective Lenses
• These lenses further _______ the image of the
specimen.
magnify
• The magnifications are usually ___ , ____ and ____ .
4 X 10 X 40 X
4 X
10 X
40 X
• There are usually __ lenses but some
have _4_ lenses.
3
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

19. Objective Lenses
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
• As the power increases, the magnification becomes _____
, but the field of view (visible area) becomes _______.
larger
smaller

20. • The ____ knob you should use, and always under ___
power. Never use it in ____ power.
Coarse Adjustment Knob
low
first
high
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

21. • The ____ knob you should use, and always under ___
power. Never use it in ____ power.
to help put the specimen in _____.
• Both knobs move the _____ up and down
focus
• The ______ knob you should use under ______
power for _____ focusing.
second higher
stage
Fine Adjustment Knob
low
first
high
exact
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

22. • Some microscopes have the two knobs located
___________________.
Fine Adjustment Knob
one on top of the other
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
• The smaller one on the bottom is always the ____
adjustment knob.
fine

23. Stage Clips
• The stage is where you place the ____ which contains
the ________.
slide
specimen
• The stage clips ______ the slide on the stage.
secure
• It contains a ____ that allows ____ to pass through the
stage and onto the specimen.
hole light
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Stage AND

24. • The lens under the stage that ___________
from the illuminator through to the ____ in
the stage.
focuses light
Condenser Lens
hole
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

25. • The lens under the stage that ___________
from the illuminator through to the ____ in
the stage.
focuses light
Diaphragm
hole
• It contains a dial that rotates to _____ the
_____________ that reaches the specimen.
adjust
amount of light
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

26. Microscope
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Swcz_TJMz0I