The document outlines the history and development of microscopes, starting from the 11th century with the use of glass lenses and culminating in the invention of the electron microscope in 1931. Key advancements included improvements in lens quality, image resolution, and the introduction of various types of microscopes for different applications. It also discusses fundamental concepts such as wavelength, amplitude, and phase in relation to microscopy.

1. MICROSCOPE

2. DEFINITION
•An instrument which
provides an
enlarged image of
an object not visible
with naked eye

3. HISTORYof MICROSCOPE

4. Pre 1660
• In 11th century , the Arab Alhazan described the use and characteristics of glass lenses
• Roger bacon was familiar with lenses and eye glasses , however weren’t invented until late 1200s
1600s
• 1608 Telescope was invented , with Galileo improving upon it with his own models
• Around 1600 microscope was invented possibly by Hans and Zacharias Jansen. But lens quality was poor
• FIRST BIG MICROSCOPE: came in 1665 when Robert hook published the MICROGRAPHIA
Late
1660s
• Antony began to grind his own lens and make simple microscope . He discovered nematode and rotifers
1700-
1800s
• Not much change in basic microscope butt certain problems were resolved n this era like color distortion
and poor image resolution
• Ernst Abbe : oil emersion lense can prevent length distortion .
1900 till
now
• In 1931 German scientist invented electron microscope which can magnify as much as million times .only
draw back is living cell can not be viewed by using it

5. TYPES OF MICROSCOPE

10. INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE
It is used for quantitative studies of
macromolecules of the cell components

11. PARTS of MICROSCOPE

16. WAVELENGTH
•Wavelength is a physical
length from one point of
the wave to the same point
on the next wave

17. AMPLITUDE
•The maximum extent of a
vibration or oscillation
measured from the
position of equilibrium is
called amplitude.

18. PHASE
•It is a position of a point
in time on a waveform
cycle .