The Earth a living planet
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This document discusses cells, organisms, and the levels of organization of living things. It explains that all living things are made of cells, and that organisms can be unicellular or multicellular. It also describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and provides examples of different types of cells. Furthermore, it outlines the three vital functions of living things - nutrition, interaction, and reproduction - and gives examples of autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition and asexual and sexual reproduction.
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Common characteristics define living beings as those that obtain energy through nutrition and produce their own matter through autotrophy or heterotrophy. Autotrophs such as plants produce organic compounds from inorganic molecules using light or chemical energy, while heterotrophs such as animals ingest already formed organic material. Living beings also interact with each other and their environment through stimulus and response, such as flowers stimulating insect pollination through color. They reproduce either asexually by single individuals generating offspring or sexually between two individuals of different genders supplying gametes to form new individuals.
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All living things share characteristics like nutrition, respiration, excretion, reproduction, growth, movement, and interaction. They are made up of cells, with plant cells having chloroplasts and a cell wall. There are five kingdoms of living things: Animal, Plant, Fungus, Protist, and Monera. Living things perform three vital functions - nutrition to obtain food, reproduction to produce new organisms, and interaction with their environment.
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This document discusses several key topics in biology:
- Nutrition: All living things obtain nutrients and transform them into energy through photosynthesis (plants) or consuming other organisms (animals and decomposers like fungi and bacteria).
- Reproduction: Living things produce new organisms through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves one parent while sexual reproduction requires a male and female.
- Interaction: Organisms respond and react to stimuli in their environments through senses or other responses. For example, sunflowers respond to light stimuli.
- Cell structure: The basic unit of life, the cell, contains organelles like the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and vacuoles that allow organisms to carry out functions needed
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Organisms can be either single-celled or multi-celled; single-celled organisms like bacteria and algae consist of only one cell and require a microscope to see, while multi-celled organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi are made of many cells that work together to perform specialized functions.
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The document describes the 5 kingdoms of life - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It provides key details about each kingdom, such as their cellular structure, ability to move, how they obtain nutrients, and examples of organisms within each kingdom. The questions at the end ask the user to identify which picture represents a specific kingdom.
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This document discusses several key topics in biology:
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- Reproduction: Living things produce new organisms through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves one parent while sexual reproduction requires a male and female.
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Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Light is important to algae because most algae use photosynthesis to produce their own food, requiring light as an energy source.
2. When red tide occurs, it is dangerous to eat clams because red tide is caused by an algal bloom of certain dinoflagellates that produce toxins which can accumulate in shellfish and cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning if the shellfish are eaten.
3. Five uses of protists include: as food sources for other organisms in aquatic ecosystems, as decomposers to break down organic matter, as pathogens that cause diseases in humans and other organisms, as sources of antibiotics and medicines, and some prot
cellandcelltheory-190324140633.pdf
The document discusses cell theory and the history of cell discovery. It explains that Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed single-celled organisms. In the 1830s-1840s, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed cell theory, which states that all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Cells 2
Cells can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, lacking membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, containing membrane-bound organelles. Endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells living endosymbiotically within eukaryotes. Prokaryotes have circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA packaged into chromosomes. There are several ways new genes can be generated from existing genes, such as mutation, duplication, segment shuffling, and horizontal transfer.
Cell and cell theory
The document discusses cell theory and the history of cell discovery. It explains that Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later discovered single-celled organisms. In the 1830s-1840s, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed cell theory, which states that all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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El documento describe los métodos para estudiar la estructura interna de la Tierra, incluyendo métodos directos como observación de rocas y sondeos, e indirectos como mediciones gravimétricas y sísmicas. Explica que la Tierra tiene una corteza, manto y núcleo, y que la teoría actual integra un modelo dinámico y uno geoquímico. Finalmente, introduce la teoría de la tectónica de placas, donde la litosfera se divide en placas que se mueven e interactúan en sus bordes.
Unit 5 Nervous and endocrine systems
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Tema 9 Estructura de los ecosistemas
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Temas 6 y 7 Genética mendeliana y humana
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Unit 4 Circulatory and excretory systems
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El documento resume los sistemas de nutrición y digestión en animales, describiendo la evolución de la digestión desde intracelular en organismos simples hasta extracelular en animales complejos, con órganos digestivos diferenciados. Explica los procesos de ingestión, digestión, absorción y egestión en diferentes filos, así como la estructura y función del aparato digestivo y glándulas anexas en vertebrados. También resume los jugos digestivos segregados y sus enzimas respectivas.
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The Earth a living planet
- 1. UNIT 8: THE EARTH, A LIVING PLANET
- 2. All living things are made of cells. An organism formed by one cell is called unicellular organism. Ex: Bacteria An organism formed by many cells is called multicellular organism. Ex: A dog
- 3. TYPES OF CELLS Prokaryotic cells: They don’t have a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells: They have a nucleus and many organelles. They can be: Animal cell Plant Cell
- 5. Levels of organization of living things
- 6. The living things perform three vital functions: nutrition, interaction and reproduction. Nutrition: Autotrophic nutrition: They produce their own food. Ex: Plants Heterotrophic nutrition: They eat other organisms. Ex: Animals Reproduction: Asexual: Produces identical copies of itself. Sexual: Two living things join and provide gametes.
- 7. ACTIVITIES 1. The following organisms have a sexual or asexual reproduction? A bacterium that produces two identical bacteria. Fish that lay eggs in the water. 2. Mould grows and feeds on food leftovers. Do you think it is autotroph or heterotroph? Explain your answer. 3.Draw in your notebook a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. Label the elements in English and Spanish.
- 8. 4. Match the words: An insect Prokaryotic cell An oak tree Plant eukaryotic cell A bacteria Animal eukaryotic cell 5. Copy the table in your notebook and mark with a X what you can see in each type of cell. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic cell animal cell plant cell Plasmatic membrane Cellular wall Nucleus Chloroplasts Vacuoles Mitochondria