In the late 18th century, there was a Gothic revival in which the Middle Ages were seen in a more positive light rather than disfavor. This was in part a reaction against the Enlightenment movement which emphasized reason and science over religion. Additionally, industrialization and the scientific revolution created insecurity which some countered with nostalgia for the mysticism and superstition of the medieval past. The Gothic revival style then spread from landscape gardens to architecture and eventually public buildings.

1. In the late 18 th century, there was a Gothic revival, when the Middle Ages were no longer seen with disfavour but looked at with interest. One cause of this revival was a reaction against the Enlightenment Movement. This movement looked to reason to understand man and the world rather than religion. They explained everything scientifically and rationally according to classicistic ideals. This led some people to become interested in the opposite – the irrational – and an obvious period for ideas for this was Medieval times. GOTHIC REVIVAL

2. Philosopher Giving A Lecture at the Orrery (1765) Joseph Wright Image source: http://quizlet.com/5225507/test-2-new-flash-cards / GOTHIC REVIVAL

4. Image sources: http://www.flickr.com/photos/soulmate02/4800670024/sizes/m/in/photostream / http://www.flickr.com/photos/soulmate02/4800791942/sizes/m/in/photostream/ Isaac Newton (waxwork ) Charles Darwin (waxwork ) GOTHIC REVIVAL

6. GOTHIC REVIVAL The Industrial revolution: the age of machines and factories Image source: http://apworldhistorywiki.wikispaces.com/B+-+The+Social+Impact+of+the+Industrial+Revolution

7. The Gothic Revival movement was initiated by landscape garden designers such as William Kent and Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown. They took the formal garden with its topiary, geometrically shaped planting and mathematical precision and changed it into an informal, asymmetric landscape which was less manipulative of nature. Their concept was a ‘gardenless garden’ to which they added follies such as artificial ruins, Gothic buildings and even Greek temples as representations of past times. GOTHIC REVIVAL

8. GOTHIC REVIVAL: gardens Image source: http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/HamptonCourt/HC101.jpg A formal garden: Hampton Court , London

9. GOTHIC REVIVAL: gardens Image source: http://www.gardenvisit.com/assets/madge/stowe_grecian_vale/original/stowe_grecian_vale_original.jpg A Gothic revival garden: Stowe estate designed by William Kent

11. GOTHIC REVIVAL: houses Image source: http://www.middlebrowmagazine.co.uk/home/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Strawberry-Hill.jpg Strawberry Hill, Twickenham

12. GOTHIC REVIVAL: houses Image source: http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/02/52/39/2523904_c52f199f.jpg Pam Fray Strawberry Hill, Twickenham

13. Sources: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3079/2393999700_10c18f04ae.jpg ‘ Big Ben’ London GOTHIC REVIVAL: public The Gothic revival style spread to public buildings during the 19 th century, many of which have survived through to today. You might recognise some of them!

14. GOTHIC REVIVAL: public Sources: http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/pancras/2.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3224/2750089904_805cc31c18.jpg http://www.flickr.com/photos/simon_a_lee/2750090534/sizes/m/in/photostream/ St Pancras Station, London 1868 Prince Albert Memorial, London 1872 approx. Courts of Justice, London 1882 approx.

15. GOTHIC REVIVAL: public Image source: http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1283/1020276817_66a9d57191.jpg Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) London (approx. 1870)

16. GOTHIC REVIVAL: public Tower Bridge, London (1894) Image source: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3265/5743763864_c853d1700b.jpg

18. Credits : Jacqui Makselon, Director – TLRC Tanglin Trust School, Singapore