The document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel source. It defines biodiesel as fuel derived from vegetable or animal oils that meets diesel specifications. Biodiesel is made through a process of esterification and trans-esterification of oils. Jatropha curcas is highlighted as a non-edible oil source for biodiesel production in India. The document outlines the benefits of biodiesel such as reduced emissions and trade deficit reduction, as well as challenges like high production costs and potential increase in NOx emissions compared to petroleum diesel. In conclusion, biodiesel has performance similar to diesel fuel but offers environmental and economic advantages.
3. As civilization is growing,
transport becomes essential part of
life. The biggest problem is the
growing population & depletion of
fossil fuel. This necessitates the
search for alternative of vegetable
oil as energy source.
NEED OF THE HOUR….
4. WHAT IS BIODIESEL?
General Definition -
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel for diesel engines derived
from natural vegetable/animal oils, and which meets the
standard specification
Technical Definition -
Biodiesel is a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or
animals fats, and meeting the requirements of standard
specifications.
6. INVESTIGATINGTHE HISTORY…
First concept was originated by
Rudolph Diesel regarding vegetable
oil as fuel?(1900).
Peanut Oil- World Exhibition in Paris
After diesel’s mysterious death in
1913, development focused on the use
of petroleum-based fuels.
Dr. Rudolph
Diesel
7. IIT Delhi
August 18, 2004
Application Areas of Biodiesel
Several Decentralized
Energy Units
Diesel Gensets,
Small Scale/Home
Industries
Transportation
System
Mechanized
Agricultural
Sector
Irrigation Pumps,
Agricultural
Machinery such as
Tractors, Power
Tillers, Threshers etc.
(Self-sufficiency for
the Farmer
8. VEGETABLE OIL BIODIESEL DIESEL FUEL
Triglyceride of fatty acid
(Molecular Wt 700-1000)
Alkyl esters of Fatty acid
Molecular Wt~260 to 300
Saturated
Hydrocarbon (C12-C14)
Molecular Wt~200
10% less heating value than
diesel because it contains
Oxygen
10-12 % less heating value
than diesel
Major hydrogen and
carbon (SOx, NOx,)
Kinematic viscosity is
higher (35-45 cSt at 40oC)
Kinematic viscosity is in
same range of that of
diesel
Kinematic viscosity is
lower (3.8 -5 cSt at
40oC)
Less volatility Less volatile than diesel High volatility
Biodiesel is not the raw vegetable oil
9. INDIA’S VIEW
Why non edible oils instead of easily available edible oils
are used for this purpose?
India is deficient in edible oil production and plants
producing non edible oil may be the only material of
choice for production of biodiesel.
Azadirachta (Neem) Calophyllum(Undi)
Pongamia (Karanj) Jatropha curcas (Bharenda)
Why non edible oils instead of easily
available edible oils are used for this
purpose?
India is deficient in edible oil production and plants
producing non edible oil may be the only material
of choice for production of biodiesel.
Azadirachta (Neem) Calophyllum(Undi)
Pongamia (Karanj) Jatropha curcas (Bharenda)
10. JATHROPHA CURCUS
Jathropha curcas is a drought resistant bushy shrub
that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae.
It can be grown on almost any soil type found in our
country.
The crops possess enormous industrial and export
potentials.
The oil content is 35-40% in the seeds and 50-60%
in the kernel.
12. Properties
A very high saponification value.
Burns without emitting smoke.
Jatrophine-have anti cancerous properties
Uses
By product of jatropha seeds
- fish foods, domestic animals food
- as fertilizer
Bark-colouring cloth, fishing nets
13. METHODOLOGY
The biodiesel is prepared
from jatropha oil through
esterification followed by
trans-esterification.
The yield of jatropha oil
methyl ester is about
97%.
Plantation of Jathropha Curcus
16. BASIC RECIPE
1. Collect, process, and heat oil.
2. Measure 6 parts of methanol to 1 part oil.
3. Oil combine with methanol and catalyst.
4. Mixture is allow to reach to equilibrium.
5. Settle, and drain glycerin.
18. TITRATION
When oil is fried too hot
too long, the fatty acids
break off, acidifying the
oil.
Titration is necessary to
determine the acidity of
oil.
Fig:Titration
19. SAFETY
Potential hazards include, and are not limited to:
◦ Fire
◦ Chemical exposure
◦ Spills
◦ Explosion
Recommended
personal protection
measures
◦ Gloves
◦ Goggles
◦ Ventilation
◦ Acid for neutralization
20. BENIFITS
Major content is carbon (neutral)
Efficiency
Eco-Friendly
Trade deficit and creates job.
High ignition quality.
22. CONCLUSION
Performance characteristics does not differ
greatly from diesel fuel.
Emission of carbon monoxide and
hydrocarbons are less where as NOx is high.
Manufacturing process is simple and cost
effective.
23.
24. References :
Lide D.R. And H.P.R Frederikse,1995.CRC Handbook Of Chemistry And Physics, CRC
Press, Boca Raton, USA.
Agrawal A.K., Das L.M. –Biodiesel And Characterization For Use As A Fuel In Compression
Ignition Engines. Trans ASME,2001;123;44.-7.
Agrawal A.K., Bijwe J. And Das L.M. (April 2003),”effect Of Biodiesel Utilization Of Wear
Of Vital Parts In Compression Ignition Engines”, ASME Journal Of Engineering For Gas
Turbines And Power. Vol. 125.
An Overview Of Biodiesel And Petroleum Diesel Lifecycle ,May 1998, Sheehan, Et.Ai
NREL
Energy Balances In The Growth Of Oil Seed Jatropha For Biodiesel And Wheat For
Bioethanol, June. I.R.Richards.
www.biodieselcommunity.org- Great Grassroots, Beginners website
biodiesel.infopop.cc –the discussion board
www.biodiesel.org –The Industry Webpage,news ,pump locations
