the ppt is about environment friendly fuel

1. BIODIESEL
Presentation by
Dr. V. Geeta
FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY
MVSREC

2. contents
• Introduction
• Sources
• Concept of transesterification
• Carbon Neutrality
• Properties
• Significance

3. Why Biodiesel?
• It is a renewable source
• Reduces pollution
• Simple production process
• Works in Existing infrastructure
- Present day Automobiles

4. Introduction
• Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel derived from plants or animals and
consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. It is typically made by
chemically reacting lipids such as animal fat (tallow), soybean oil, or
some other vegetable oil with an alcohol, producing
a methyl, ethyl or propyl ester.
• Sample of Biodiesel

5. Sources
• Biodiesel Fuel can be produced from a variety of natural crops
including rapeseed, soybean, mustard, flax, sunflower, canola,
palm oil, hemp, jatropha and waste vegetable oils. This fuel source is
said to reduce engine wear and produce less harmful emissions.
Jatropha curcas L. is a plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae family that
produces a significant amount of oil from its seeds. This is a non-edible
oil-bearing plant widespread in arid, semi-arid and tropical regions of
the world.

6. Methyl ethanolate reacts with ethanol to produce ethyl ethanoate and methanol
Example:
Concept of Esterification
In organic chemistry, transesterification is the process of exchanging the alkoxy (RO)group
of an ester compound by another alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the
addition of an acid or base.(Esterification is the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an
alcohol whereas transesterification occurs between an ester and an alcohol.)

7. Concept of Transesterification
• Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called
transesterification whereby the glycerin is separated from the fat or
vegetable oil. The process leaves behind two products – methyl esters
and glycerin. Methyl esters is the chemical name for biodiesel.

8. What is carbon neutrality?
• Carbon neutrality, or having a net zero carbon footprint, refers to achieving net
zero carbon dioxide emissions by balancing carbon emissions
with carbon removal (often through carbon offsetting) or simply
eliminating carbon emissions altogether.
• Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and
absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. Removing carbon oxide
from the atmosphere and then storing it is known as carbon sequestration.
• In order to achieve net zero emissions, all worldwide greenhouse gas emissions
will have to be counterbalanced by carbon sequestration.
• Carbon sink is any system that absorbs more carbon than it emits. The main
natural carbon sinks are soil, forests and oceans.

9. Carbon Neutrality,
Biofuels are said to be carbon-neutral because the carbon dioxide that is absorbed by the
plants is equal to the carbon dioxide that is released when the fuel is burned. ...
However, biofuel isn't truly carbon-neutral, because of the processes used in its production.
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be used in any diesel powered vehicle. It is biodegradable and
non-toxic. Biodiesel is a fantastic way of reducing your carbon footprint as it only releases
the carbon dioxide that the plants absorbed whilst growing, therefore there is no negative
impact on the carbon cycle.

10. Properties of Biodiesel
• It is slightly miscible with water,
• has a high boiling point and low vapor pressure.
• The flash point of biodiesel exceeds 130 °C (266 °F), significantly higher
than that of petroleum diesel which may be as low as 52 °C (126 °F).
• Biodiesel has a density of ~0.88 g/cm³, higher than petrodiesel (~0.85
g/cm³).
• Biodiesel has better lubricating properties and much higher cetane ratings
significantly better than standard diesel which can prolong engine's life.
• Biodiesel has shorter ignition delay compared to standard diesel.

11. Significance
• Biodiesel can be blended with petro- diesel in any ratio. It can be used in
diesel engines without modification.
• Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of
sulphur and aromatics.
• The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine results in substantial
reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate
matter.
• The exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and sulfates (major components of
acid rain) from biodiesel are essentially smaller compared to petrodiesel.
• Scientific research confirms that biodiesel exhaust has a less harmful
impact on human health than petroleum diesel fuel.
• Bio-diesel is a source of renewable source of energy.

12. Thank U