The Economics of Disaster: Reduction, Mitigation, and Mainstreaming
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An overview of consequences of natural disaster and methods to reduce vulnerability. Risk management, mitigation, and preparedness through risk mapping and infrastructure design are highlighted.
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The Economics of Disaster: Reduction, Mitigation, and Mainstreaming
- 1. The Economics of Disaster: Reduction, Mitigation and Mainstreaming
- 2. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Sand Storms Dust Storms
- 3. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Sand Storms Dust and Sand Storms Dust Storms
- 4. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Sand Storms Earthquakes Dust Storms
- 5. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Sand Storms Tornadoes & Storms Dust Storms
- 6. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Sand Storms High Winds Dust Storms
- 7. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Floods Sand Storms Dust Storms
- 8. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Sand Storms Drought Dust Storms
- 9. Natural Hazards Earthquakes Volcanic Activity Landslides Tsunamis Tropical Cyclones Severe Storms Tornadoes High Winds River Floods Coastal Floods Wildfires Drought Sand Storms Landslides Dust Storms
- 10. Natural Hazards Have the Potential to Cause Harm or Loss
- 11. Natural Disasters The Occurrence of a Natural Hazard That Causes Substantial Damage & Disruption
- 12. Vulnerability to Disasters • The degree to which society is threatened • Results from human action • Results from situations, i.e. poverty
- 13. Degree of Vulnerability Depends On: • Existing Infrastructure • Condition of Human Settlements • Public Policy and Disaster Management • Information and Education
- 14. Consequences of Vulnerability Significant Loss of Life
- 15. Consequences of Vulnerability Damage to Infrastructure
- 16. Consequences of Vulnerability Economic Loss
- 17. Consequences of Vulnerability Poverty
- 18. What Can Be Done? Disaster Reduction Mainstreaming • Prevention • Disaster Strategies • Mitigation • Risk Management • Preparedness • Economic Management
- 19. Disaster Reduction Measures undertaken to reduce the vulnerability of a socio-economic system to natural disasters
- 20. Definitions • Disaster Reduction – measures designed to avoid or limit adverse impacts through: • Prevention – avoidance of the adverse impact • Mitigation – measures taken to limit the adverse impact • Preparedness – measures taken in advance to ensure effective responses
- 21. Disaster Reduction Prevention Mitigation • Planning • Retrofitting existing • Avoidance measures buildings • Zoning • Flood-control measures • Training Preparedness • Legislation • Effective evacuation system • Regular testing of warning systems
- 22. Risk Mapping • Mapping the community or area of risk • Includes schools, hospitals, churches, fire stations, police stations, municipal buildings • Shows hazardous buildings • Uses distinctive symbols • May include significant infrastructure and disaster prone features
- 23. EMPHASIS IS CHANGED DISASTER RISK RESPONSE MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- 24. Mainstreaming • Considers risks when planning development • Considers risks when allocating financial resources • Sustainability
- 25. Disaster Strategies • Infrastructure Design – roads, utilities, health facilities, schools • Retrofitting Existing Structures • Siting of buildings and infrastructure • Building codes and regulations
- 26. Risk Management • Education of the public and government officials • Effective disaster management • Improving vulnerability factors: Reforesting, improving soil conditions, sustainable human settlements
- 27. Economic Management • Disaster Contingency Plans – Declining aid/Increasing losses • Annual Calamity Funds – When disaster occurs regularly • Financial Risk Transfer Instruments – Conventional insurance, reinsurance, derivatives
- 28. Reallocation of Public Resources • Policy Framework – Careful planning minimizes delays – Minimizes disruption – Developed prior to disaster = rapid response • Prioritized Investment Projects – Allows for reallocations away from lower-priority projects
- 29. Reallocation of Public Resources • Current and Reliable Information – Availability of Resources – Information on financial status of agencies – Financial impact on planned spending and revenue as a result of disaster – New revenue requirements as a result of disaster
- 30. Understanding Economic Vulnerability • Macroeconomic Risk Assessment – National – Understanding linkages overall – Minimizing adverse impacts on priority areas – Protecting the poor; Poverty reduction caused by disaster • Regular Re-assessment of Hazard Risk – Needs change due to rapid growth and development
- 31. Understanding Economic Vulnerability • Improved Impact Assessment – Future risk reductions – Better management – Understanding of public costs for future initiatives • Improved Documentation of Expenditures – Provides better information on required spending for mitigation and preparedness.
- 32. Climate Change is Real
- 33. Effect of Climate Change • Increasing Temperatures • Decrease in Snow Cover • Retreat of Glaciers • Rising Sea-levels • Diminishing Water Flows • Frequent and Intense Rainfall
- 34. Effect of Climate Change • Increased Flooding • Increasing Direct and Indirect Costs • Human Lives at Risk • Severe Property Damage • Disrupted Services • Human Suffering
- 35. Resources • ISDR (N.D.) Countering Disasters, Targeting Vulnerability. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. United Nations. • ODI (2005) Aftershocks: Natural Disaster Risk and Economic Development Policy. ODI Briefing Paper, November 2005. Overseas Development Institute, London. • Images accessed through Google Images