The Dutch
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The Dutch had a global empire in the 17th century centered around trade and colonies. They established tolerant republican governance that attracted immigrants. As skilled fishermen, whalers, and traders, the Dutch developed very efficient sea routes and became enormously wealthy and successful in commerce, refining sugar for European consumption. Their colony of New Amsterdam, founded in 1625 on Manhattan, grew to be the largest town and finest seaport in their North American colonies, serving as the government headquarters and hub of the fur trade up the Hudson River and farming in the lower valley.
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During the early 17th century, the small Netherlands emerged as an economic and military power due to its role as the nexus of northern European commerce. The great port city of Amsterdam became the preeminent center for shipping, banking, manufacturing and trade, not just in the Netherlands but all of northern Europe. Through religious toleration, naval power, colonial trade and manufacturing, the Dutch amassed great wealth and had the highest standard of living in Europe.
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The Portuguese empire began in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta in Northern Africa. Under the support of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal explored the coast of Africa and discovered islands like the Azores. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, opening the sea route to India. Portugal established trading posts and conquered territories like Goa, establishing its dominance in Asia. However, conflicts with other European powers led to the decline of the Portuguese empire in the 17th century as it lost most of its Asian and South American colonies. By the 19th century, Brazil gained independence, marking the end of Portugal's global empire.
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The Portuguese empire began in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta in Northern Africa. Under the support of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal explored the coast of Africa and discovered islands like the Azores. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, opening the sea route to India. Portugal established trading posts and conquered territories like Goa, establishing its dominance in Asia. However, conflicts with other European powers led to the decline of the Portuguese empire in the 17th century as it lost most of its Asian and South American colonies. By the 19th century, Brazil gained independence, marking the end of Portugal's global empire.
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Portugal has a long history dating back to ancient times. It emerged as a world power in the 15th-16th centuries during the Age of Discovery, building a vast overseas empire. However, it then lost much of its wealth and status over the next two centuries as its military power declined. Portugal underwent a revolution in 1910 that established a republic but failed to solve its problems. A dictatorship then ruled from 1926 until a coup in 1974 installed a new democratic government. Portugal is now a member of NATO, the EU, and other international organizations.
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The Dutch established their first colonies in North America in 1615 through fur trading posts like Fort Nassau and Fort Oranje. Though they never grew as powerful as other empires, the Dutch maintained a substantial presence through fur trade networks across what is now New York, supported by forts and posts along the Hudson River established since Henry Hudson's voyage.
ppt of Portuguese
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19.1 - Europeans Explore The East
The Europeans begin the Age of Exploration due to commercial and religious motivations as well as the introduction of technological innovations.
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The Portuguese Empire began in 1415 with the conquering of Ceuta in North Africa under Prince Henry the Navigator. Key figures included Pedro Álvares Cabral, who discovered and claimed Brazil for Portugal, and Vasco de Gama, the first to sail directly from Europe to India. By the late 15th century, Portugal had established colonies and forts throughout Africa, India, and Southeast Asia, becoming the first global empire and pioneering globalization through its extensive colonial trading network. However, its power declined in the late 16th century after the crowns of Spain and Portugal were united under King Philip II of Spain, bringing new colonial rivals like the Dutch and English.
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1) Beginning in the early 1400s, European powers like Portugal began exploring beyond their borders, driven by desires for wealth, spreading Christianity, and new technologies like the caravel ship.
2) Portugal took the lead in overseas exploration under the support of Prince Henry the Navigator, establishing trading posts along the coast of Africa.
3) By the late 1400s, other European powers like Spain grew envious of Portugal's success and sought their own routes to Asia, leading to Spanish financing of Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492 that opened the way for European colonization of the Americas.
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19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)
The document summarizes how trade influenced European exploration beginning in the 15th century. It describes how Portugal, led by Prince Henry, began exploring down the coast of Africa, hoping to find a route to Asia and its valuable spices. Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama later rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached India, opening lucrative trade routes. Other European powers like Spain, the Netherlands, and England soon established their own trading companies and empires in Asia, competing for control over the spice trade and colonizing many parts of Africa, India, and Southeast Asia.
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Europeans were motivated to explore eastward routes as they had developed a taste for eastern goods like spices and silk but were reliant on Italian merchants who transported these goods at high prices. Portugal began exploring down the coast of Africa to find a sea route to avoid Italian middlemen. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided exploration and colonization rights between Spain and Portugal. The Dutch also entered exploration to trade directly for eastern goods and not rely on Italian merchants.
Dutch1
The Dutch Republic gained independence from Spanish rule in 1581 and established a colonial empire between the 17th-20th centuries by following other European powers. The Dutch East India Company was founded in the early 1600s to control Dutch trading interests in Southeast Asia, establishing colonies and becoming a powerful state-within-a-state by 1700, until it went bankrupt in 1800 and its territories were absorbed by the Dutch government.
The portuguese empire
The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history. It began in 1415 when Portugal departed on an expedition to seize the city of Ceuta in North Africa, marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire. Over subsequent decades, Portugal expanded its empire through exploration led by Prince Henry the Navigator, establishing colonies in the Azores, Cape Verde, and along the West African coast. At its height, the Portuguese Empire spanned territories across Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America, including Brazil, which became Portugal's most lucrative and important colony. However, Portugal gradually lost much of its wealth and global influence over subsequent centuries.
The portuguese empire
The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history, spanning almost six centuries from the 15th century. Portugal's name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale, and the region was inhabited by various groups over time before being conquered by Rome. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal was a leading European power due to its exploration and colonization of territories around the world, establishing the Portuguese Empire. However, Spain invaded and took control of Portugal in 1580, integrating it into the Spanish Empire until 1640. The Portuguese Empire declined thereafter, losing territories to other European powers, but maintained control of Brazil and parts of Africa and Asia.
History of Portugal
Portugal has a long history dating back to when it was named Portus Cale by the Romans after they invaded in 219 BC. Through invasions by Celts, Germans, and Islamic Moors, Portugal gained independence in 1065 and established its empire beginning in 1415 when they conquered Ceuta in North Africa. Portuguese exploration then expanded, with Gil Eanes first sailing along the coast of Africa in 1434. Under the patronage of Henry the Navigator in the 1400s, the Portuguese built trading posts and forts along the Gold Coast and reached India, establishing Portugal as a global power through its trade and colonies in the east.
The colonies
The document summarizes the colonization of North America by four major European powers in the 15th-17th centuries. Spain colonized parts of Mexico, the Southwestern US and Florida beginning in the 1500s, establishing St. Augustine in 1565. France established its first permanent settlement in 1608 at Tadoussac and went on to control the Mississippi River by 1718. The Netherlands settled primarily trading posts in New York in the early-mid 1600s. England's first successful colony was Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, with colonists arriving in waves for both wealth and religious settlement.
Colonial Portugal
Portugal had one of the longest-lasting colonial empires between 1500 and 1999, establishing a global network of outposts connecting Lisbon to Nagasaki by 1571. However, Portugal's small population caused it to gradually lose control over its overseas trade and factories, beginning its imperial decline. A substantial blow was losing its most profitable colony of Brazil in 1822. While Portugal retained its African territories until 1947, its economy had been centered on raw materials harvested from its colonies in Asia, Africa and South America since the 15th century.
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The Portuguese Empire was founded in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta on the North African coast. Portugal then led European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries, establishing trade routes to India around the Cape of Good Hope. Key figures like Vasco de Gama and Prince Henry the Navigator expanded Portugal's colonial holdings and maritime trade. In the 16th century, Portugal's empire came under the control of Spain but continued exploiting new colonies, including establishing sugarcane farms and importing African slaves to colonial Brazil.
19.1 europeans explore the east
European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and England explored trade routes to Asia in the 1400s and 1500s motivated by desires for wealth, resources, and spreading Christianity ("God, glory, and gold"). Portugal led the way by establishing trading posts along the west African coast and sending explorers like Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama, who found routes around Africa and to India. Spain also sought routes to Asia but Columbus landed in the Americas instead, opening that region to colonization. Conflicts between Portugal and Spain over claims in newly discovered lands led the Pope to establish boundaries with the Treaty of Tordesillas. Over time, the Portuguese trading empire gave way to competition from other European powers
Portugal history
Portugal has a long history dating back to ancient times. It emerged as a world power in the 15th-16th centuries during the Age of Discovery, building a vast overseas empire. However, it then lost much of its wealth and status over the next two centuries as its military power declined. Portugal underwent a revolution in 1910 that established a republic but failed to solve its problems. A dictatorship then ruled from 1926 until a coup in 1974 installed a new democratic government. Portugal is now a member of NATO, the EU, and other international organizations.
Netherlands
The Dutch established their first colonies in North America in 1615 through fur trading posts like Fort Nassau and Fort Oranje. Though they never grew as powerful as other empires, the Dutch maintained a substantial presence through fur trade networks across what is now New York, supported by forts and posts along the Hudson River established since Henry Hudson's voyage.
ppt of Portuguese
This document summarizes the Portuguese presence in Asia between the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses how the Portuguese established the first European colonial empire in Asia, seizing strategic ports like Goa in 1510 to monopolize the spice trade. It also covers how the Portuguese influence gradually declined as the Dutch and British established their own Asian trading posts and empires in the 1600s. Key events mentioned include Vasco da Gama's arrival in India in 1498 and the Portuguese acquisition of Macau in China in 1557.
19.1 - Europeans Explore The East
The Europeans begin the Age of Exploration due to commercial and religious motivations as well as the introduction of technological innovations.
The spanish empire theme 3 part 2
Spain established a vast colonial empire during the 16th and 17th centuries, holding power in the Americas and Western Pacific. However, continual wars in Europe drained Spain's resources and led to a gradual decline over the 17th century. The Spanish East Indies, consisting of the Philippines, Guam, and other islands, were ruled directly from Madrid after Mexican independence and some were later sold or occupied by other powers. The Manila galleons operated for over 250 years, transporting goods between Manila and Acapulco via the Pacific Ocean in a trade that was important to the Spanish colonies.
The Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire began in 1415 with the conquering of Ceuta in North Africa under Prince Henry the Navigator. Key figures included Pedro Álvares Cabral, who discovered and claimed Brazil for Portugal, and Vasco de Gama, the first to sail directly from Europe to India. By the late 15th century, Portugal had established colonies and forts throughout Africa, India, and Southeast Asia, becoming the first global empire and pioneering globalization through its extensive colonial trading network. However, its power declined in the late 16th century after the crowns of Spain and Portugal were united under King Philip II of Spain, bringing new colonial rivals like the Dutch and English.
Exploration
1) Beginning in the early 1400s, European powers like Portugal began exploring beyond their borders, driven by desires for wealth, spreading Christianity, and new technologies like the caravel ship.
2) Portugal took the lead in overseas exploration under the support of Prince Henry the Navigator, establishing trading posts along the coast of Africa.
3) By the late 1400s, other European powers like Spain grew envious of Portugal's success and sought their own routes to Asia, leading to Spanish financing of Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492 that opened the way for European colonization of the Americas.
New york city
New York City was discovered by Europeans in 1609 and was originally a Dutch colony called New Amsterdam until being captured by the British in 1664. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, New York saw large waves of immigration and became a center of industry and commerce. In modern times, New York has grown to be one of the most diverse and culturally influential cities in the world, with many iconic landmarks like the Statue of Liberty, Empire State Building, and Brooklyn Bridge.
Ning posting 2 HIST 140
The document discusses the history of Portugal and its empire from the 11th century to the 19th century. It describes how Portugal gained independence from Galicia in the 11th century and established its territories. It then discusses how Portugal became a major European power in the 15th-16th centuries through its exploration and global trade networks. However, it gradually lost much of its wealth and overseas territories to other European powers over the 17th-18th centuries, weakening its status and global influence.
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O documento lista vários produtos capilares, incluindo máscaras hidratantes e tratamentos com queratina e vitaminas. Fornece nomes, números de referência, descrições curtas e preços de itens como Complex Pro-Vitamin, Máscara Hidroreparadora com Óleo de Argão e tratamento extra reparador.
Dutch I Middle Colonies
The Middle Colonies were originally claimed by the Dutch, who established the first permanent settlement at Fort Nassau in 1614. The Dutch colony of New Netherlands encompassed parts of present-day New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. In 1667, the Dutch formally ceded New Amsterdam to the English and it was renamed New York City. The Dutch were also very successful traders, at one point employing and shipping more goods than England, France, and Spain combined through colonies established in South Africa and Indonesia.
Chapter 3 jamestown and plymouth
Both Jamestown and Plymouth colonies struggled greatly at first due to lack of proper leadership, shelter, and food supplies. However, while Jamestown eventually thrived due to the cultivation of tobacco crops, Plymouth faced particularly harsh conditions in its first winter that led to many deaths before receiving aid from local Native Americans. The Pilgrims at Plymouth also established their colony with the goal of seeking religious freedom away from the Church of England, in contrast to the primary economic motivations of the Jamestown colony.
The middle colonies
The document summarizes the Middle Colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. New York was originally founded as New Netherland by the Dutch and later surrendered to the English without resistance. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for Quakers and had Philadelphia as its major city. The Middle Colonies shared characteristics of ocean industries, some large-scale agriculture, and involvement in the fur trade for New York and Pennsylvania.
Dutch Posting
The Dutch established colonies in North America in the early 1600s by exploring uncharted lands and claiming them for the Netherlands. Their first settlement was Fort Nassau founded in 1615 on Castle Island as a fur trading post, which was later replaced by Fort Oranje at Albany focused mainly on fur trading.
French Colony Failures
The French established several colonies in North America that failed due to disease, weather, or conflicts with other European powers. Many forts had to be abandoned because of bad weather and Indian attacks, such as a small group of French troops at Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina who left after a year when not resupplied from France.
Plymouth and mass bay colonies
The document discusses the Separatists who wanted to separate from the Church of England and became Pilgrims who traveled to the Netherlands and then set sail on the Mayflower to Virginia in 1620. Poor weather forced them to land in Cape Cod where they created the Mayflower Compact agreement before leaving the ship. It also discusses the Puritans who wanted to purify the Church of England and established the Massachusetts Bay colony through the Massachusetts Bay Company in the 1630s, led by Governor John Winthrop.
The Thirteen Colonies
The document provides details on each of the original 13 colonies in British America, including the date each was founded, who founded it, the key industries and crops, and the date it became a US state. The colonies are grouped into the New England colonies (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire), the Middle colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and the Southern colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). It notes the founding dates ranged from 1607 (Virginia) to 1732 (Georgia).
The French Colonies of North America
The document summarizes the French colonies in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French settled in areas like Canada and Louisiana, establishing colonies called New France. The French relied heavily on fur trading with local indigenous groups and formed alliances with Algonquian and Huron tribes. However, conflicts arose with the Iroquois tribe and over competition in the fur trade. The French colonies focused on trade but faced threats from growing English colonies and tensions with native populations.
Colonization
The document summarizes the early British settlements of Roanoke Island and Jamestown in North America. It describes how Roanoke Island was the first British settlement but became known as "The Lost Colony" after the colonists disappeared. Jamestown was established in 1607 in Virginia and faced starvation until Captain John Smith negotiated for food from the Powhatan Indians and instituted a rule requiring colonists to work for provisions. The marriage of John Rolfe to Pocahontas later brought peace between the colonists and Powhatans and economic success through tobacco.
Brochure
This document provides a variety of resources for teaching about Colonial America, including books, websites, field trips, and lesson planning materials. It lists books from the school media center and public library about colonial occupations, settlements, art activities, and daily life. Websites are suggested for interactive explorations of Jamestown, Williamsburg, and the 13 colonies. Field trips are recommended to Old Salem Museums and Gardens or Historic Bethabara Park. Finally, teacher resources are included such as history books, integrated lesson plans, and guides for doing historical investigations with students.
Roanoke Island and Jamestown
The document summarizes what happened to the Roanoke colony and discusses some theories about what may have occurred. It notes that 91 men, women, and children settled on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina but when their leader John White returned from England after a delay of three years, he found the colony deserted with the only clue being the word "CROATOAN" carved in a post. Some theories are that the colonists were killed by Native Americans, wandered away to find better land, or merged with local Native American tribes.
Powerpoint 1.5c
This document summarizes colonial life from different perspectives. Large landowners in the South relied on indentured servants and slaves for labor and were sometimes educated, while farmers worked the land according to their region and relied on family labor. Artisans worked as craftsmen in towns and plantations, living in small villages. Women worked as caretakers and homemakers without many rights or education opportunities. Indentured servants agreed to work without pay to pay for their passage, gaining freedom after their contract ended. Free African Americans had more economic freedom but could not vote. Enslaved African Americans were captured and sold into lifelong, hereditary slavery as property with no rights.
13 colonies travel brochure project
The document outlines a project for students to create travel brochures advertising time travel trips to the original 13 colonies. Students will first watch short videos about the three regions of colonies - New England, Middle, and Southern - and take notes. They will then choose a colony randomly and create a brochure in Microsoft Publisher to recruit settlers. The brochure must include information about the colony's founders, leaders, purpose, land, organization, climate, and maps. The goal is to entice time travelers to visit that colony. Resources on each colony are provided.
Pub come to america brochure
The document provides instructions for students to create an illustrated brochure about the 13 English colonies in North America. Students can choose to create a brochure about all three regions of the colonies (New England, Middle, and Southern) or focus on just one region. The brochure must include information on the government, economics, religion, and society of the chosen region(s) as well as persuasive text encouraging people to move there from England. It provides guidance on the required and optional contents and formatting of the brochure.
Jamestown Settlement
The document summarizes the early history of European exploration and settlement in North America, focusing on England's first colonies in Virginia. It describes England's first settlement on Roanoke Island under Sir Walter Raleigh. It then discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 as the first permanent English settlement, noting the difficulties colonists faced with disease, harsh winters, and lack of food and water. It highlights the roles of John Smith and Pocahontas in establishing relations with local Native Americans and finding food sources. The summary concludes that tobacco eventually became a cash crop and indentured servants were used to meet labor demands, while self-government began through the establishment of the House of Burgesses.
Colonies Virtual Field Trip
The document provides information about the three main colonial regions in British North America: New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies. It describes that the New England Colonies were settled primarily by religious dissenting Puritans fleeing persecution in England. The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and economies based around agriculture and industry. The Southern Colonies were focused on plantation agriculture using indentured servants and later slaves, with a society divided between large plantation owners and small farmers.
Chapter 2, Section 4 The Middle Colonies
The document summarizes the settlement of the Middle Colonies between 1609-1752. It discusses how the Dutch originally settled the region, establishing New Amsterdam (New York), before being driven out by the English. It then covers how William Penn received land from the King to establish Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers, attracting religious diversity. By 1752, there were 13 British colonies spanning from New England to Georgia.
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New Netherland Luciano D'Orazio
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of New Netherland from its founding as a Dutch colony in 1609 through its takeover by the British in 1664. It discusses the colony's establishment, its governance by the Dutch West India Company, the diverse groups that settled there, and life for colonists, Native Americans, slaves, and others. It also examines the colony's economy based on fur trading and agriculture and explains why New Netherland ultimately failed as a Dutch colony.
The Spanish Empire.pptx
1. Spain's empire reached its peak under Charles V in the early 16th century, encompassing Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, parts of Italy and Germany, and vast American colonies.
2. Philip II inherited a declining empire in the late 16th century due to economic problems like inflation from silver imports, high taxes, and costly wars including the Dutch Revolt.
3. The Dutch Republic gained independence and became a prosperous trading power in the 17th century, while Spain's empire continued to weaken due to financial troubles and loss of territory.
The english in north america
The document provides background information on the English colonization of New England and the Middle Colonies during the 17th century. It discusses how Puritan religious dissenters established colonies in New England like Plymouth to escape persecution in England. New England colonies focused on small farms, workshops, schools and churches to glorify God through hard work. The Dutch originally settled the mid-Atlantic coast and founded colonies like New Amsterdam, but England later conquered the region to gain control of the fur trade and weaken their Dutch economic rivals. The Middle Colonies had a more diverse population and promoted religious tolerance.
The english in north america
The document provides background information on the English colonization of New England and the Middle Colonies during the 17th century. It discusses how Puritan religious dissenters established colonies in New England like Plymouth to escape persecution in England. New England colonies focused on small farms, workshops, schools and churches to glorify God through hard work. The Dutch originally settled the mid-Atlantic coast and founded colonies like New Amsterdam, but England later conquered the region to gain control of the fur trade and weaken their Dutch economic rivals. The Middle Colonies had a more diverse population and promoted religious tolerance.
The english in north america
The document provides background information on the English colonization of New England and the Middle Colonies during the 17th century. It discusses how Puritan religious dissenters established colonies in New England like Plymouth to escape persecution in England. New England colonies focused on small farms, workshops, schools and churches to glorify God through hard work. The Dutch originally settled the mid-Atlantic coast and founded colonies like New Amsterdam, but England later conquered the region to gain control of the fur trade and weaken their Dutch economic rivals. The Middle Colonies had a more diverse population and promoted religious tolerance.
4.2.exploration causation and events a3
The Spanish founded colonies across the Caribbean and in Mexico and South America in the 1500s. They established St. Augustine, Florida in 1565, the oldest permanent European settlement in the continental United States. Meanwhile, the crew of Ferdinand Magellan completed the first circumnavigation of the globe, opening the Pacific Ocean to European trade and exploration. By 1600, Spain had established a vast colonial empire in the Americas and Asia, acquiring great wealth in silver and other exports. Other European powers like the Dutch, French, and English then started exploring and colonizing parts of North and South America in search of trade routes, natural resources, and territory.
Thespanishempire
The document discusses the rise and fall of the Spanish Empire between 1450-1800. It describes how the Spanish Empire grew powerful under the Habsburg dynasty, spreading Christianity across its global colonial holdings. However, various factors later contributed to the decline of the Spanish Empire, including depleted populations in the Americas, the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, pirate raids, and costly wars in Europe.
Art of the dutch golden period
The 17th century in the Netherlands, known as the "Dutch Century", saw the Dutch Republic enter its Golden Age. It had a thriving economy based on trade, fishing, and industry. The Dutch had a relatively tolerant attitude towards religion, and Amsterdam and Rotterdam had surplus agricultural production. The Dutch East India and West India Companies expanded Dutch global commerce. This period represented the cultural and economic height of the Netherlands, before its decline due to wars with England and France in the later 17th century.
Sea power-session 3-anglo-dutch wars
The document summarizes the origins and key events of the Anglo-Dutch wars between England and the Netherlands in the 17th century over control of global trade. It describes how England built a powerful navy after its civil wars to challenge Dutch maritime dominance. The first Anglo-Dutch war began in 1652 after England passed the Navigation Acts to restrict Dutch shipping and trade. The initial naval battles were inconclusive, but revealed weaknesses in the Dutch fleet compared to the larger, more powerful English warships. The wars established England as the dominant naval power and allowed it to displace the Dutch in global commerce.
Age of exploration
Between 1500-1800:
- European powers expanded globally through exploration and colonization motivated by trade, wealth, and religion. Portugal led expansion in Africa and Asia while Spain dominated in the Americas.
- The slave trade dramatically increased to supply labor for American plantations, devastating parts of Africa and changing its political/social structures.
- Europeans established overseas colonies and trading posts in Asia, Africa and the Americas, transforming global economics and introducing mercantilism. Their presence impacted politics, culture and religion in conquered regions.
English in north america
The document discusses the early English colonization of North America, specifically Virginia and the Middle Colonies. It describes how Virginia was first colonized in the early 1600s and tobacco became a profitable crop. It also discusses the Algonquian tribes led by Chief Powhatan and their interactions with the English colonists. Additionally, it summarizes the Dutch colonization of the mid-Atlantic region in the early 17th century and how the English later took over this territory from the Dutch.
The Spanish Empire
The document discusses the rise and fall of the Spanish Empire between 1450-1800. It began with the House of Habsburg gaining power over Spain and other European lands in the 15th-16th centuries. Under Habsburg rule, Spain became the most powerful state in Europe through its naval exploration and military conquests across Europe, America, and North Africa. However, years of war, economic troubles, and disease led to the decline of the Spanish Empire by the 1700s. The Habsburg line died out and control of Spain was passed to the French Bourbon dynasty.
Album of the American Colonies
The document provides information on various topics related to European colonization of North America, including the international slave trade to Brazil, the Dutch and Portuguese empires, English and French colonies, and Native Americans. Specifically, it discusses how between 3.6-5 million slaves were transported to Brazil over centuries, how the Dutch supplanted the Portuguese in Asian trade routes, the founding and growth of English colonies in North America, the slow colonization of New France compared to English colonies, and that Native Americans lived in independent nations across North America when Europeans first arrived.
Album
1) The document summarizes information about the Portuguese, Dutch, and English involvement in the international slave trade to Brazil between the 16th and 19th centuries. It discusses the large numbers of slaves transported by sailing ships to Brazil and laws passed in the 1820s making the slave trade illegal.
2) It also discusses the Dutch supplanting the Portuguese in the spice and silk trade from Asia to Europe in the 17th century. The Dutch captured the principal Portuguese fortified trading post in West Africa in 1637.
3) Sources used in the document include academic journals and textbooks on American colonial history and the slave trade.
American colonies prt 1
The document summarizes the early history of French colonization in North America, including their settlements in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th-18th centuries. It discusses how the French established the fur trade with indigenous peoples and explored the Mississippi River valley. However, the colonies struggled financially and failed to establish profitable export industries. Most early French colonists in Canada were poor, single men who arrived as indentured servants or soldiers.
American colonies
The document summarizes aspects of trade, goods, immigration, and settlement in various North American colonies between the 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses how trade created debt between colonies and Britain, the consumer revolution that brought more goods, the immigration of Scots, Germans, and others, the introduction and spread of horses, territorial disputes between native groups on the Great Plains, Russian expansion across Siberia, Spanish colonization of Alta California including through the mission system, and the backgrounds of early Californio settlers.
Hist 140 album of the american colonies
The document summarizes the colonization of North America by various European powers between the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses how Africans were largely used as slaves, transported via brutal conditions on slave ships. It also describes the Spanish conquest of Florida and Mexico, and their attempts to convert native populations to Catholicism, often violently. The French established themselves in Canada and Louisiana, while the Dutch set up the colony of New Netherlands. The English colonies expanded greatly, with the 13 colonies stretching from New England to the Chesapeake. Native Americans were the original inhabitants, having migrated over land bridges from Asia over 10,000 years ago.
Hist 140 album of the american colonies
The document summarizes information about the early colonization of North America by various European powers between the 15th-18th centuries. It discusses how Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas, the Spanish conquest of native lands and attempts to convert indigenous religions to Catholicism, the establishment of French colonies in Canada and Louisiana, conflicts between the Dutch and English for control of the Hudson River Valley, and the expansion of the vast English colonial empire across the eastern seaboard through population growth and private enterprise. Native Americans are described as the earliest colonizers who crossed into North America from Asia over 15,000 years ago during the last ice age.
4.1 Colonial Expansion1
The document discusses several topics related to the history and development of the American colonies:
1) It describes the English Civil War and Restoration period in England in the mid-17th century and how this led to the establishment of several colonies in America, known as the Restoration Colonies, including North and South Carolina.
2) It provides details on the founding and economies of North Carolina, South Carolina, and the development of the plantation system and slave codes in the Southern colonies.
3) It briefly mentions the founding of the College of William & Mary and characteristics of the Middle Colonies before discussing the founding of New Netherlands by the Dutch and its eventual takeover and renaming to New York by the
Arrival in canada
The Vikings were the first Europeans to arrive in North America, establishing a settlement in Newfoundland around 1000 AD. However, conflicts with Native peoples caused them to leave. Starting in the 15th century, powerful European monarchs sponsored explorers to search for riches in the New World. Christopher Columbus' voyage for Spain in 1492 marked the start of this Age of Exploration. Eventually, Spain, England, and France laid claim to different regions of North America. The French were among the early explorers, with Verrazano reaching North America in 1524 and Cartier exploring the St. Lawrence River region starting in 1534. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City in 1608, establishing the colony of New France and allying
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Nation report cuban film
Cuba has a history in film beginning in the late 19th century. During the Golden Age post-revolution, films focused on anti-imperialism and revolution. Two of Cuba's most famous directors from this time were Tomás Gutiérrez Alea and Humberto Solás. Cuba also hosts an annual international film festival in Havana each December dedicated to Latin American cinema.
Nation report cuban film
Cinema was introduced to Cuba in the late 19th century but did not become prominent until after the 1959 revolution. Prior to the revolution, Cuba produced around 80 full-length films that imitated styles from France and the United States. After the revolution, the government established organizations to produce propaganda films with anti-imperialist and revolutionary messages. This post-revolutionary period is considered the "Golden Age" of Cuban cinema, led by prominent directors like Tomas Gutierrez Alea and Humberto Solas. Cuba also hosts an annual international film festival that features new Latin American films.
American Revolution1
The document discusses key events of the American Revolution from 1774 to 1777. It outlines how the colonies took control of local governance in 1774, leading the Continental Congress to form and the British to halt commerce. War then broke out in Boston in 1775 as the colonists focused on establishing new state constitutions and defining the powers of government and citizens' rights. Their victory was seen as a way to reorder society and form a new Republican nation, with 1776 showing a new model for organizing a society.
American Revolution
The American Revolution began as the British tried to control and tax the colonies more, hurting the American economy. In the 1760s, the British passed several Acts like the Currency Act, Stamp Act, and Sugar Act that taxed the colonies heavily and restricted trade. In response, American merchants protested and in 1765 a mob broke out to stop the Stamp Act, showing early resistance that would lead to the colonies declaring independence and forming a new democratic nation.
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine was an author and founding father who came to America in 1774 to fight in the American Revolution, where he greatly influenced independence by publishing pamphlets supporting the cause. He was also elected to the French National Convention in 1792 and influenced the French Revolution. Paine wrote works against Christianity and in support of freethinking, and opposed Napoleon's developing dictatorship.
The French
The document discusses the early history of French Canada in the 17th century. French Canada was originally controlled by the fur Trading Company of New France and was split into the colonies of Montreal and Quebec. Most early immigrants were single, poor laborers who arrived as soldiers or servants. The French had access to trade routes via rivers and the Atlantic Ocean but the land was cold and unsuitable for warm climate crops.
The English Peters
Thomas Peters was an enslaved millwright in Louisiana who unsuccessfully tried to escape three times before being sold to William Campbell and moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. During the American Revolution, Peters fought for the British as part of the Black Pioneers and Guides unit led by George Martin. After the war, Peters and other freed slaves were resettled by the British in Nova Scotia, Canada. In 1790, Peters organized a petition and traveled to London, successfully lobbying for a bill to relocate former slaves to Sierra Leone, Africa or allow them to reenlist. On January 15, 1792, Peters departed Halifax harbor aboard a ship carrying freed slaves to Sierra Leone, where he died four months
The English Opechanough
Opechancanough was a chief of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia in the 17th century who resisted English colonization. As chief, he fought the English on several occasions between 1609-14 and 1622-24 and 1644-46 after relations broke down and the English violated agreements with the Powhatan people. Opechancanough led resistance against the encroachment of English settlers on tribal lands until his death in 1646.
The English
The English started colonizing Virginia in the late 16th century, establishing Jamestown in 1607. The early colonists struggled to survive the harsh conditions and almost died out until they began growing tobacco crops in 1616. To survive, the English established plantations worked by slaves and traded furs with Native Americans through companies like the Hudson's Bay Company. This colonization by the English eventually led to tensions that caused the American Revolution and independence from England in 1783.
The Spanish Martin
Martin Ocelotl was a clandestine cult leader in 16th century Mexico who came from a family of important priests. He predicted the coming of the Spanish and survived the smallpox epidemic and starvation after being imprisoned. Later, he was baptized but continued to secretly practice the old faith, gathering followers. However, he was eventually declared a sorcerer and sent to Spain, where the ship disappeared, but his followers continued his religious practices in his absence.
The Spanish3
In 18th century Buenos Aires, Francisco Baquero was a mestizo shoemaker who helped form a shoemaker's guild with 71 other masters. As a non-white artisan, Francisco faced discrimination and struggled to get good work or afford an apprentice. He tried to change the guild's hierarchical and segregated constitution but failed, and later posed as indigenous to gain higher status in the militias and guild.
The Spanish3
Diego Vasicuio was a native priest in 17th century Salamanca, Peru who led worship of the god Sorimana in secrecy. As the Spanish fathers tried to convert native religions and punished those practicing idolatry, Diego balanced leading rituals for the Sorimana cult that had reemerged while also working in the gold mines. He was careful to keep prayer separate from any magic spells and used an idol stone called "guaca Sorimana" in his worship.
The Spanish Diego
Diego Vasicuio was a native priest in 17th century Salamanca, Peru who led worship of the god Sorimana in secrecy. As the Spanish fathers tried to convert native religions and punished those they saw as idolaters, Diego balanced leading rituals for the Sorimana cult and working in gold mines, keeping prayer separate from magic.
Spanish Conquest1
The Spanish converted many Aztecs to Christianity in the 1530s-1540s by winning over elite Aztecs and baptizing thousands, though some elites formed an anti-Spanish party. Monks viewed noble Aztecs as valuable allies and tried to Christianize their children through forced marriage and monogamy systems while also banning human sacrifices, though nobility largely opposed Christianity. Marriages between conquistadors and native princesses helped bridge the gap between the two societies.
Spanish Conquest
The Spanish led by Cortes landed in Veracruz in 1519, where the Aztec emperor Montezuma was unsure if they were enemies or the returning god Quetzalcoatl. Enemies of the Aztec Triple Alliance sided with the Spanish. Cortes was initially worshipped by Montezuma but the Spanish later massacred natives. The last Aztec emperor Cuauhtemoc led a failed rebellion in 1520 before the Spanish, aided by rival tribes, captured the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan and overthrew the Aztec empire in 1521.
The Jesuits
The Jesuits were French missionaries from the Society of Jesus who aimed to convert Native American tribes like the Algonquinians and Iriquoians to Catholic Christianity. They would live among these tribes to learn their languages and customs in order to facilitate conversion. Their documents provide much of what is known about Native societies as the Jesuits were literate. Converting the Mohawks proved difficult due to alliances the Jesuits had formed with the Mohawks' enemies, the Algonquins. Jean Pierron reported teaching natives to read and write while protesting alcoholism and debauchery. Conversion required gifts being given to each family, and Pierron's speech convinced significant Mohawk villagers to convert and accept gifts.
Damina Da Cunha
Damina da Cunha, a member of the Caiapo Tribe, served as a teacher, mediator, and expedition leader to help bring other members of her tribe to Portuguese colonies in 1781 and 1783. She was fluent in both Portuguese and her native language and familiar with both cultures, which allowed her to act as a liaison between the Caiapo people and Portuguese settlers to prevent rebellions and promote conversion to Christianity.
The Portuguese
The Portuguese arrived in Brazil in 1500 and exploited resources like brazilwood, establishing sugar plantations worked by African slaves, and mining for gold. In the early colonial period, governors struggled with rebellions from native peoples, settlers, and slaves. Brazil transitioned to become a viceroyalty in 1763, with Salvador and Rio de Janeiro as capitals, and colonial cities were governed by local councils that regulated infrastructure and commerce.
The Franciscan Provinces
The document discusses the establishment of Franciscan provinces in Ecuador and Peru in the 1500s. It details that in 1534, three Franciscan friars were sent from Mexico to establish churches in Ecuador and Peru, founding the Custody of San Pablo de Ecuador by 1552. This custody became the Province of the Twelve Apostles in 1553 and was then established as the Province of San Francisco de Quito in 1569, consisting of one friar and 20 missions. The document also highlights two influential friars, Jodoco Ricke and Francisco de Morales, who founded important convents and colleges in Ecuador and Colombia in the 1500s.
England
Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan born in 1599 in Huntingdon, England who played an influential role in English politics and military affairs during the 17th century. He was a key member of the Parliament and leader of the Roundheads during the English Civil War. After Charles I was executed in 1649, Cromwell helped establish the Commonwealth of England and later became Lord Protector, governing England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1653 until his death in 1658. He led military campaigns against Irish and Scottish royalist forces. Cromwell was a controversial leader both admired and despised for his efforts to strengthen Protestant rule in Britain.
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GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
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Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
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Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
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Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
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GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy