This document provides an overview of the chemical element sodium. It discusses Dmitri Mendeleev's creation of the periodic table, the characteristics and properties of sodium metal, and its common industrial uses. Sodium is a soft metal that reacts explosively with water and is used in soap manufacturing, paper making, foods, and pharmaceuticals. The document concludes that sodium has many unique traits and plays an important role in biological functions.

1. THE DESCRIPTION OF
A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Prepared: Mugharbel A.
Group: Chemistry – Chemical Engineering
Checked by: Kairakabayeva G. S
Al – Farabi Kazakh National University
Almaty - 2023

2. PLAN
• INTRODUCTION TO
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
• DMITRI MENDELEEV
• SODIUM
• USES OF SODIUM METAL
IN OUR DAILY LIFE
• CHARACTERISTICS
• PROPERTIES
• INDUSTRIES
• TRAITS
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
Chemical elements are the simplest form of matter. They are made up of
only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by ordinary chemical means.
Each element has its own unique properties based on the number of
protons in its nucleus, which is known as its atomic number.
The periodic table is a chart that organizes all the known elements based
on their atomic structure and properties.
There are currently 118 known elements, and they are used in many
different ways, such as in medicine, technology, and industry.

4. DMITRI MENDELEEV
Dmitri Mendeleev was a Russian chemist who is famous for creating the
periodic table of elements.
He was born in Siberia in 1834 and grew up in a family of scientists. He studied
chemistry at university and eventually became a professor.
In 1869, Mendeleev arranged all the known elements in a table based on their
atomic structure and chemical properties. He left gaps where he predicted new
elements would be discovered in the future.
Mendeleev's periodic table became widely recognized and used by scientists all
over the world.
His work revolutionized the field of chemistry and has had a significant impact
on many areas of science and technology.

5. -PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS -

6. SODIUM
Sodium is a chemical element that
belongs to the alkali metal group in the
periodic table. It has the symbol Na and
atomic number 11.
Sodium is a soft, silvery-white metal that
is highly reactive with water and air.
In this presentation, we will discuss the
various characteristics, properties, and
industries that use sodium.

7. USES OF SODIUM METAL IN OUR
DAILY LIFE
Soap manufacture: Other than its metal, Sodium compounds are useful at
times. For example, the sodium hydroxide compound is used in soap
manufacture. Most soaps that we find today are salts of fatty acids.
Paper making: Sodium hydroxide is also used in paper making. It is
helping in the regeneration of the chemicals that is used to pulp wood
chips in the pulping process. Thus, allows the pulp mill to reuse the
chemicals and cut the production cost.
Edible salt: Sodium chloride, also known as edible salt, is a good deicing
agent and it is also a nutrient for humans and some other animals.

8. CHARACTERISTICS:
Sodium is a highly reactive element that is found in nature in the form of
compounds such as sodium chloride (table salt).
It is soft enough to be cut with a knife and has a low melting point of
97.72°C.
Sodium is also a good conductor of electricity and heat.

9. PROPERTIES:
Sodium has many interesting properties, including its ability to react
explosively with water.
This reaction produces hydrogen gas and a strong alkaline solution of
sodium hydroxide.
Sodium is also highly reactive with oxygen and must be stored in an inert
gas to prevent oxidation.

10. INDUSTRIES:
Sodium is used in various industries, including:
Chemical industry: Sodium is used in the production of chemicals such as
sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
Food industry: Sodium is a common ingredient in many foods, including
table salt, canned vegetables, and processed meats.
Pharmaceuticals: Sodium is used in the production of many
pharmaceuticals, including antacids and blood pressure medications.

11. TRAITS:
Sodium has several traits that make it unique, including its ability to ignite
spontaneously in air, its affinity for water, and its ability to produce a bright
yellow flame when burned.
Sodium is also an essential element for the proper functioning of the
human body, as it helps regulate blood pressure and nerve function.

12. CONCLUSION
In the end, we talked in this presentation about the elements and how they
are the smallest unit that cannot be divided, and about the periodic table
of the elements consisting of 118 elements and who discovered it,
which is called Dmitry Mendeleev, and we gave a brief explanation about
him and his biography, then we reviewed the periodic table and we talked
about the sodium element.
sodium is a fascinating element with many unique characteristics,
properties, and uses.
From its ability to react explosively with water to its role in regulating
blood pressure in the human body, sodium is truly a wonder of the
chemical world.