This document provides an overview of sodium including its essential information, naming origins, physical properties, history of discovery, common uses, and some current facts. Sodium has an atomic number of 11, is a soft silvery metal that is highly reactive and never found naturally in its pure form. It was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Sodium is used in many industrial and household products like table salt, soda ash, borax, and is important but also poses health risks if consumed in excess.

1. Prepared by:
Shwan sarwan sadiq
Supervised by:
Dr.fuad

2. List of content :
• Essential information of sodium
• Where does the name came from?
• Where & how ?
• Characteristic properties
• History of sodium
• What is it used for?
• Current event article and
fun facts?
• Bibliography

3. Essential information of sodium
• Mass nuber :22.98977
• Atomic number :11
• Symbol: Na
• Sodium has 13 isotopes
• 12 neutrons and 11protons
• Sodium is part of the alkali
metals group 1 period 3
• Electronic configuration : 1s^2
2s^2 2p^6 3s^1

4.  The word sodium comes from the Latin
word sodanum and the English word soda
which both mean “” head ache remedy””
 Na comes from the Latin word natrium
which means sodium carbonate.
Where does the name came from?

5.  2.6% of earth’s surface is made up with with
sodium but since it is so reactive it is never
found free in nature.
 To store pure sodium it has to be contained in
a moisture free environment.
Where & how ?

6. Characteristic properties
Physical properties
 .sodium is a silvery white metal with
a waxy appearance and is soft enough
to be cut with knife.
 .sodium’s density is 0.968 grams per
cubic centimeter .
 .its melting point is 208.1 F . and its
boiling poin is 1621 F.
Chemical properties
 .sodium becomes dull over time when
it reacts with oxygen.
 .when it comes into contact with
water it reacts ,producing hydrogen
gas and burns with a bright yellow
flame.

7. History of sodium
.sodium was discovered by the
English chemist sir Humphrey davy
(1778-1829) in 1807 when he made a
sample of pure sodium by
electrolyzing molten sodium
chloride.
.the ancient Egyptians called sodium
chloride natron , which was later
called natrium by the romans.That is
where sodium gets its symbol of Na.

8. What is it used for?
Borax(Na2B4O7.10H2O)
Table salt (NaCl)
Soda ash(Na2Co3)
Baking soda (NaHCo3)
Caustic soda (NaOH)
Chile saltpeter (NaNO3)

9. Current event article and fun facts?
Sodium,although vital for a healthy life,can be dangerous if
consumed too much .the main way in which sodium is
consumed is through salt. Studies have been conducted that
people with a high sodium intake are 50 times more likely to
suffer from ischemic heart disease than those who don’t .
People can avoid this by eating fewer processed foods and
more fruits and vegetables.(sodium-saturated diet is a thrat
for all)
Sodium is used for food preservation , cooling nuclear
reactors , and to purify other elements.

11. Thank you