LITHIUM
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The document provides information about several alkali metals including hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. It discusses their characteristics such as abundance, uses, and properties. Key details are provided about how they occur naturally and are used in products like batteries, glass, propellants, and table salt.
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Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Carbon is incorporated into living things through photosynthesis and returns to the atmosphere and water through respiration, combustion and decomposition. It can also be buried deep underground over millions of years and later released through events like volcanic eruptions. The cycling of carbon is crucial for supporting life and regulating Earth's climate.
NN
The nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen is converted between its gas form in the atmosphere and forms that can be used by plants and animals. Nitrogen is converted to nitrates that plants can use through lightning or nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Phosphorus cycles through rocks, soil, and organisms and is essential for life. When organisms die, their phosphorus is returned to the soil through bacteria.
sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an element that plays an important role in ecosystems and industries. It cycles between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through both sedimentary and gaseous phases. The global sulfur cycle circulates approximately 300 x 1012 grams of sulfur per year through various natural and human sources and sinks. While natural processes like volcanic eruptions and decomposition release sulfur into the atmosphere, human activities like burning fossil fuels have significantly increased atmospheric sulfur levels since the Industrial Revolution, contributing to issues like acid rain that damage both the environment and man-made structures.
Carbon cycle
The document discusses the carbon cycle, which is the movement of carbon between biotic and abiotic environments on Earth. Carbon is essential for life and is exchanged through various processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion. During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon from the air and water and release it during respiration. Decomposers break down dead plants and animals, releasing carbon back into the environment. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are disrupting the natural carbon cycle and increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes from the remains of ancient organisms. They include coal, oil, and natural gas, and were formed over hundreds of millions of years as dead plants and animals were buried and exposed to heat and pressure below the Earth's surface. Key events in the formation of fossil fuels included the deposition of remains in oceans and swamps, their burial in sediments, and their conversion into combustible materials through natural processes. Today fossil fuels like oil and gas provide approximately two-thirds of the world's energy supply, though their usage has diversified over the 20th century from being dominated by coal to including more oil and natural gas.
Minerals for class 6
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that are formed through geological processes within the Earth. Some key points:
- Minerals can be metallic or non-metallic, and include substances like salt, copper, gold, and coal.
- They are extracted through mining and are important natural resources. India has potential for further exploration and mining of its mineral wealth.
- Conservation of minerals is important as they are non-renewable resources, and their use must be balanced to avoid depletion and ensure availability for future generations.
Energy cycles notes
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles including the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. The water cycle involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration moving water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface. The carbon cycle moves carbon between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, fossil fuels, and soil through photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Nitrogen is converted between gas and organic forms through nitrogen fixation by bacteria, decomposition, and nitrification and denitrification by other bacteria.
CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLES (Teach)
More advanced treatise of the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Could be useful for teachers who have limited science background or for students in upper middle or high school.
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Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Carbon is incorporated into living things through photosynthesis and returns to the atmosphere and water through respiration, combustion and decomposition. It can also be buried deep underground over millions of years and later released through events like volcanic eruptions. The cycling of carbon is crucial for supporting life and regulating Earth's climate.
NN
The nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen is converted between its gas form in the atmosphere and forms that can be used by plants and animals. Nitrogen is converted to nitrates that plants can use through lightning or nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Phosphorus cycles through rocks, soil, and organisms and is essential for life. When organisms die, their phosphorus is returned to the soil through bacteria.
sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an element that plays an important role in ecosystems and industries. It cycles between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through both sedimentary and gaseous phases. The global sulfur cycle circulates approximately 300 x 1012 grams of sulfur per year through various natural and human sources and sinks. While natural processes like volcanic eruptions and decomposition release sulfur into the atmosphere, human activities like burning fossil fuels have significantly increased atmospheric sulfur levels since the Industrial Revolution, contributing to issues like acid rain that damage both the environment and man-made structures.
Carbon cycle
The document discusses the carbon cycle, which is the movement of carbon between biotic and abiotic environments on Earth. Carbon is essential for life and is exchanged through various processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion. During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon from the air and water and release it during respiration. Decomposers break down dead plants and animals, releasing carbon back into the environment. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are disrupting the natural carbon cycle and increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes from the remains of ancient organisms. They include coal, oil, and natural gas, and were formed over hundreds of millions of years as dead plants and animals were buried and exposed to heat and pressure below the Earth's surface. Key events in the formation of fossil fuels included the deposition of remains in oceans and swamps, their burial in sediments, and their conversion into combustible materials through natural processes. Today fossil fuels like oil and gas provide approximately two-thirds of the world's energy supply, though their usage has diversified over the 20th century from being dominated by coal to including more oil and natural gas.
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Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that are formed through geological processes within the Earth. Some key points:
- Minerals can be metallic or non-metallic, and include substances like salt, copper, gold, and coal.
- They are extracted through mining and are important natural resources. India has potential for further exploration and mining of its mineral wealth.
- Conservation of minerals is important as they are non-renewable resources, and their use must be balanced to avoid depletion and ensure availability for future generations.
Energy cycles notes
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles including the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. The water cycle involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration moving water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface. The carbon cycle moves carbon between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, fossil fuels, and soil through photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Nitrogen is converted between gas and organic forms through nitrogen fixation by bacteria, decomposition, and nitrification and denitrification by other bacteria.
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The carbon cycle describes the exchange of carbon among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. Carbon is recycled and reused by all living organisms through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier initially discovered the carbon cycle, which is essential for life but carbon dioxide can also be a greenhouse gas if levels become too high. Carbon is stored in and exchanged between the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, soils, and geosphere over long periods of time.
The Cycle Of Life1
The document discusses the carbon and nitrogen cycles. The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration and decay. Carbon is also stored long-term in fossil fuels, limestone, and other carbonate rocks. The nitrogen cycle similarly involves nitrogen being fixed from the atmosphere by lightning and bacteria, entering ecosystems, and being released through decay. Both cycles are impacted by human activities like fossil fuel use and fertilizer production.
Carban cycle
The document discusses biogeochemical cycles and focuses on the carbon cycle. It explains that the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Carbon is critical and cycles through reservoirs like CO2 in the atmosphere, as well as being stored long-term in fossil fuels and limestone. The cycling of carbon is important as it transfers energy and forms new carbon compounds while releasing oxygen. However, human burning of fossil fuels has unbalanced the carbon cycle by releasing stored carbon too quickly, increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and global warming.
C carbon cycle last
The carbon cycle describes how carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the Earth. Carbon exists in different forms that cycle between organisms, the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, soil and rocks through biological and geological processes over timescales ranging from years to millions of years. Key aspects of the carbon cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and the burning of fossil fuels.
Global Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the fundamental component of all organic compounds. It is one of the primary elements of life, involved in the fixation of energy by photosynthesis. The biosphere includes a complex mixture of carbon compounds. They are originated, transformed and decomposed within this sphere. This module highlights the importance of carbon on the globe.
Chapter 6, Lesson 4 - Ecosystems
The document summarizes key concepts about biogeochemical cycles including the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It explains that the water cycle involves the continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and atmosphere, changing between liquid and gas states, and that the carbon and nitrogen cycles describe the transfer of those elements between living things and the non-living environment. Key terms like water vapor, groundwater, watershed, runoff, composting, and different types of resources are also defined.
Sulfur
The document discusses the sulfur cycle, which is the biogeochemical process by which sulfur is exchanged between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Sulfur enters the cycle through volcanic activity and rock weathering, and is converted between organic and inorganic forms as it moves through ecosystems. Key steps include the oxidation of sulfur to sulfate by microorganisms and plants, incorporation into living tissues, release back into the environment after death, and deposition into ocean sediments. The sulfur cycle regulates sulfur levels and influences phenomena like acid rain and volcanic smog.
Oxygen cycle
Oxygen cycles through the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce sugars and release oxygen into the atmosphere. Animals and other organisms use oxygen for respiration, breaking down sugars and food and releasing carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then used by plants in photosynthesis, continuing the cycle.
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1. The document provides definitions and examples for key terms related to minerals, rocks, fossils, energy sources, and the environment.
2. It asks questions about the properties of minerals and rocks, types of fossil fuels and fossils, alternative energy sources, and ways to conserve resources and reduce pollution.
3. The responses define terms like luster, hardness, minerals, fossil fuels, fossils, smog, pollution, topsoil, and discuss igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Carbon cycle
The document discusses biogeochemical cycles and focuses on the carbon cycle. It defines biogeochemical cycles as pathways that move chemical substances through biotic and abiotic parts of Earth. It describes the carbon cycle, noting that carbon is recycled through photosynthesis, respiration, and the decomposition of organic matter, moving between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, soils, and fossil fuels. It explains how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are disrupting the carbon cycle and leading to issues like global warming.
Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by the decomposition of dead organisms over millions of years. They include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Coal is a black sedimentary rock formed from compressed plant matter. Petroleum, or crude oil, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. Natural gas is composed primarily of methane and is found associated with other fossil fuels or created by organisms in marshes and bogs.
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Oxygen cycle and Carbon cycle
The document summarizes the oxygen and carbon cycles. It explains that oxygen is essential for life on Earth and makes up a large percentage of the human body and atmosphere. It then describes the oxygen cycle, where plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, using carbon dioxide, sunlight and water, and animals release carbon dioxide when breathing. When plants and animals die they decompose and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. The carbon cycle is also summarized, where plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and either use it to build tissues or release it, and carbon is passed between plants, herbivores and other organisms.
Chapter 5 follows
The document discusses different types of energy resources. It describes fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, which formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. It also discusses nuclear energy produced from uranium fission. Additionally, it covers inexhaustible resources like solar, wind, water, and geothermal energy. Finally, it briefly outlines various mineral resources.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the process by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. Carbon exists in different forms as it moves through the carbon cycle, including carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, carbon in living organisms, carbon dissolved in the ocean, and carbon stored in fossil fuels underground. The same carbon atoms are reused as they are exchanged between these reservoirs through various natural processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion.
Energy resources ppt
Nonrenewable resources such as minerals and fossil fuels cannot be replaced at the same rate at which they are consumed. They are finite resources formed over long geological periods. Renewable resources such as solar, wind, and hydropower can be replenished naturally in a short period of time through natural processes like the sun's heat and the wind. The key difference between nonrenewable and renewable resources is that nonrenewables are depleted once extracted while renewables can be replenished within our lifetimes through natural cycles.
NUTRIENT CYCLE. - udaykumar
There are three main biogeochemical cycles - the hydrologic, gaseous, and sedimentary cycles. The sedimentary cycle involves mineral elements being obtained initially from inorganic sources in the soil and occurring as dissolved salts. The phosphorus cycle begins with phosphorus contained in sedimentary rocks in the form of apatite, which weathers into the soil where plants uptake it. Phosphorus then moves through the food chain and sometimes aquatic systems before settling in sediments or being lost to leaching. The sulfur cycle involves sulfur being found in rocks underground and ocean sediments, moving between organic and inorganic forms through microbial processes, and cycling through the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
Biomass and tidal power
Biomass is biological material derived from living or recently living organisms. It is composed of carbon-based organic molecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other atoms. The carbon used to construct biomass is absorbed from the atmosphere by plants through photosynthesis. If plant material is not eaten, the carbon is either broken down and released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide or methane by microorganisms, or released as carbon dioxide if the plant material is burned. This process is part of the natural carbon cycle.
Biogeochemical cycles
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Carbon cycles between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, and lithosphere. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air through photosynthesis, and animals obtain carbon by eating plants or other animals. When organisms die, decomposers release carbon back into the atmosphere or it becomes trapped in fossil fuels and sediments. Human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
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The carbon cycle describes the exchange of carbon among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. Carbon is recycled and reused by all living organisms through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier initially discovered the carbon cycle, which is essential for life but carbon dioxide can also be a greenhouse gas if levels become too high. Carbon is stored in and exchanged between the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, soils, and geosphere over long periods of time.
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The document discusses the carbon and nitrogen cycles. The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration and decay. Carbon is also stored long-term in fossil fuels, limestone, and other carbonate rocks. The nitrogen cycle similarly involves nitrogen being fixed from the atmosphere by lightning and bacteria, entering ecosystems, and being released through decay. Both cycles are impacted by human activities like fossil fuel use and fertilizer production.
Carban cycle
The document discusses biogeochemical cycles and focuses on the carbon cycle. It explains that the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Carbon is critical and cycles through reservoirs like CO2 in the atmosphere, as well as being stored long-term in fossil fuels and limestone. The cycling of carbon is important as it transfers energy and forms new carbon compounds while releasing oxygen. However, human burning of fossil fuels has unbalanced the carbon cycle by releasing stored carbon too quickly, increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and global warming.
C carbon cycle last
The carbon cycle describes how carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the Earth. Carbon exists in different forms that cycle between organisms, the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, soil and rocks through biological and geological processes over timescales ranging from years to millions of years. Key aspects of the carbon cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and the burning of fossil fuels.
Global Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the fundamental component of all organic compounds. It is one of the primary elements of life, involved in the fixation of energy by photosynthesis. The biosphere includes a complex mixture of carbon compounds. They are originated, transformed and decomposed within this sphere. This module highlights the importance of carbon on the globe.
Chapter 6, Lesson 4 - Ecosystems
The document summarizes key concepts about biogeochemical cycles including the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It explains that the water cycle involves the continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and atmosphere, changing between liquid and gas states, and that the carbon and nitrogen cycles describe the transfer of those elements between living things and the non-living environment. Key terms like water vapor, groundwater, watershed, runoff, composting, and different types of resources are also defined.
Sulfur
The document discusses the sulfur cycle, which is the biogeochemical process by which sulfur is exchanged between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Sulfur enters the cycle through volcanic activity and rock weathering, and is converted between organic and inorganic forms as it moves through ecosystems. Key steps include the oxidation of sulfur to sulfate by microorganisms and plants, incorporation into living tissues, release back into the environment after death, and deposition into ocean sediments. The sulfur cycle regulates sulfur levels and influences phenomena like acid rain and volcanic smog.
Oxygen cycle
Oxygen cycles through the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce sugars and release oxygen into the atmosphere. Animals and other organisms use oxygen for respiration, breaking down sugars and food and releasing carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then used by plants in photosynthesis, continuing the cycle.
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1. The document provides definitions and examples for key terms related to minerals, rocks, fossils, energy sources, and the environment.
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3. The responses define terms like luster, hardness, minerals, fossil fuels, fossils, smog, pollution, topsoil, and discuss igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Carbon cycle
The document discusses biogeochemical cycles and focuses on the carbon cycle. It defines biogeochemical cycles as pathways that move chemical substances through biotic and abiotic parts of Earth. It describes the carbon cycle, noting that carbon is recycled through photosynthesis, respiration, and the decomposition of organic matter, moving between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, soils, and fossil fuels. It explains how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are disrupting the carbon cycle and leading to issues like global warming.
Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by the decomposition of dead organisms over millions of years. They include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Coal is a black sedimentary rock formed from compressed plant matter. Petroleum, or crude oil, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. Natural gas is composed primarily of methane and is found associated with other fossil fuels or created by organisms in marshes and bogs.
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This document provides information about various energy and mineral resources on Earth. It discusses how fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas are formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years and are being used faster than they can be replenished. Renewable resources like solar, wind, water, and geothermal energy are also introduced. The document outlines different processes used to extract and utilize these various resources.
Oxygen cycle and Carbon cycle
The document summarizes the oxygen and carbon cycles. It explains that oxygen is essential for life on Earth and makes up a large percentage of the human body and atmosphere. It then describes the oxygen cycle, where plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, using carbon dioxide, sunlight and water, and animals release carbon dioxide when breathing. When plants and animals die they decompose and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. The carbon cycle is also summarized, where plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and either use it to build tissues or release it, and carbon is passed between plants, herbivores and other organisms.
Chapter 5 follows
The document discusses different types of energy resources. It describes fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, which formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. It also discusses nuclear energy produced from uranium fission. Additionally, it covers inexhaustible resources like solar, wind, water, and geothermal energy. Finally, it briefly outlines various mineral resources.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the process by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. Carbon exists in different forms as it moves through the carbon cycle, including carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, carbon in living organisms, carbon dissolved in the ocean, and carbon stored in fossil fuels underground. The same carbon atoms are reused as they are exchanged between these reservoirs through various natural processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion.
Energy resources ppt
Nonrenewable resources such as minerals and fossil fuels cannot be replaced at the same rate at which they are consumed. They are finite resources formed over long geological periods. Renewable resources such as solar, wind, and hydropower can be replenished naturally in a short period of time through natural processes like the sun's heat and the wind. The key difference between nonrenewable and renewable resources is that nonrenewables are depleted once extracted while renewables can be replenished within our lifetimes through natural cycles.
NUTRIENT CYCLE. - udaykumar
There are three main biogeochemical cycles - the hydrologic, gaseous, and sedimentary cycles. The sedimentary cycle involves mineral elements being obtained initially from inorganic sources in the soil and occurring as dissolved salts. The phosphorus cycle begins with phosphorus contained in sedimentary rocks in the form of apatite, which weathers into the soil where plants uptake it. Phosphorus then moves through the food chain and sometimes aquatic systems before settling in sediments or being lost to leaching. The sulfur cycle involves sulfur being found in rocks underground and ocean sediments, moving between organic and inorganic forms through microbial processes, and cycling through the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
Biomass and tidal power
Biomass is biological material derived from living or recently living organisms. It is composed of carbon-based organic molecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other atoms. The carbon used to construct biomass is absorbed from the atmosphere by plants through photosynthesis. If plant material is not eaten, the carbon is either broken down and released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide or methane by microorganisms, or released as carbon dioxide if the plant material is burned. This process is part of the natural carbon cycle.
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Carbon cycles between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, and lithosphere. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air through photosynthesis, and animals obtain carbon by eating plants or other animals. When organisms die, decomposers release carbon back into the atmosphere or it becomes trapped in fossil fuels and sediments. Human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
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The document summarizes the properties and characteristics of the alkali metals, which are the Group 1 elements on the periodic table. They include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. The alkali metals are soft, silvery-white metals that form strongly alkaline solutions when reacted with water. They have low densities and melting/boiling points that decrease down the group. The metals are highly reactive and must be stored in oil to prevent reaction with air. Their only industrial use is in compounds, with applications like batteries, ceramics, soap production, and fertilizers.
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The document describes several natural cycles in ecosystems, including the carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle, water cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It then discusses how human activities can negatively impact ecosystems. Specifically, it notes that during photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and sugars, while animals and plants both respire and produce carbon dioxide. It also explains how the water cycle involves evaporation from oceans and land into the atmosphere, forming clouds, and precipitation. Finally, it raises concerns that human trash, monoculture farming, and overuse of chemicals like herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers can harm ecosystems and endanger lives.
Elemental poisoning
This document discusses elemental pollution in the environment. It notes that industrialization has increased the concentration of elements in the environment, posing health risks. Certain elements like lead, mercury, and chromium are toxic in some forms. Heavy metal pollution of water bodies is a concern, as these metals can contaminate drinking water sources. Various methods are used to remove heavy metals from polluted water, including reverse osmosis, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and biosorption using algae. Detection of heavy metals in water samples involves techniques like ICP, AAS, and ion selective electrodes. Surface and groundwater contamination by toxic metals through pollution has affected many populations.
hydrogenby rjdiche
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up around 75% of all atoms. It has one proton and one electron. On Earth, hydrogen is used as a fuel in rockets due to its highly flammable nature when mixed with oxygen. There is also research into using hydrogen to power cars as it only produces water when burned. Hydrogen plays a key role in many chemical processes and is present in living things. It is essential for life and is found in molecules like water and methane. The fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium within stars like the Sun releases huge amounts of energy.
Hydrogen and its importance
Thirteen and a half percent of the atoms in the Earth's crust are hydrogen (most of this hydrogen is in sea water), but because hydrogen is so light, it makes up only 0.75 percent of the Earth's crust by weight. The importance of hydrogen is highlighted in this module.
Ecology 407 Biogeochemical Cycles
This Power Point provides the fundamental concept of how the chemical important of life processes are recycled within the ecosystems
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Ion Exchange Resin MBHPE-TKP
The aim of this study is to synthesis of TKP (MBHPE-TKP) resin for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Ion exchange resins are polymers that are capable of exchanging particular ions within the polymer with ions in a solution that is passed through them. This ability is also seen in various natural systems such as soils and living cells. The synthetic resins are used primarily for purifying water, but also for various other applications including separating out some elements. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study the effect of above factors pH, time and sorbent used. The new synthesized resins i.e. MBHPE–TKP is hydrophilic and biodegradable, so after effluent treatment used resins can be disposed off without facing any environmental problem .This study focuses on synthesis of new cation exchange resin (MBHPE – TKP) and developing method for treatment of highly contaminated industrial effluents.
Group IA table of elements
Francium is a highly radioactive metal that is predicted to have properties similar to cesium but has never been isolated in pure form due to its extreme radioactivity. It was discovered in 1939 as a decay product of actinium and is the least stable and most radioactive element. Francium exists only in trace quantities as an intermediate in the natural radioactive decay chains of heavier elements.
Chemistry Unit 2 Part 5 - The Representative Elements
The document summarizes the organization and properties of the modern periodic table. It describes the three main groups of elements - metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Key representative elements are then discussed from groups 1A through 2A, including their physical properties and common compounds. The carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, halogen and noble gas groups are also summarized. Transition metals and inner transition metals are introduced at the end.
The description of a chemical element.pptx
This document provides an overview of the chemical element sodium. It discusses Dmitri Mendeleev's creation of the periodic table, the characteristics and properties of sodium metal, and its common industrial uses. Sodium is a soft metal that reacts explosively with water and is used in soap manufacturing, paper making, foods, and pharmaceuticals. The document concludes that sodium has many unique traits and plays an important role in biological functions.
ORGANIZATION MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
The document summarizes the organization and properties of the modern periodic table. It is organized into blocks that include metals, nonmetals, metalloids, representative elements, transition metals, and inner transition metals. Key points about the properties and common uses of elements in each block are provided, such as lithium used in batteries, calcium essential for bones, and the noble gases being colorless and nonreactive.
Mercury and heavy metal pollution
Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and lead are naturally occurring but are also released from industrial and other human activities. They persist indefinitely in the environment and can accumulate in living organisms, posing health risks. Mercury is a liquid metal used historically in products like thermometers and batteries but now regulated. It evaporates easily and bioaccumulates as the toxic methylmercury in fish. Exposure can cause neurological, kidney, and developmental problems. While an essential element for life, mercury becomes toxic and dangerous at higher levels.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen has many applications in biological systems, pharmaceuticals, and other areas. It is the most abundant element in the universe and is found in water. Hydrogen is used to produce ammonia and other intermediates used in fertilizers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Some see hydrogen as a potential clean fuel of the future. Hydrogen is also present in various pharmaceutical preparations like hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and boric acid that are used as antacids, disinfectants, and more. Isotopes of hydrogen like deuterium and tritium are used in medical research and imaging.
Resources and their types
Natural resources can be divided into renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources include water, solar energy, air, forests and timber which can replenish themselves, while non-renewable resources like coal, natural gas, iron, copper and gold are finite. All natural resources are essential to support life and provide utility to humans, but must be carefully managed to ensure sustainable development and conservation of the environment.
HEAVY METAL POLLUTION.pptx
HEAVY METALS POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
Introduction:
In the era of rapid industrialization and urbanization pollution has totally deteriorated the quality and diversity of life and heavy metals contamination are major cause of environment deterioration which persuades severe poisonous effect on all the forms of living being. It poses threat due to its non-biodegradable, bioaccumulation, stability and persistence characteristics. Therefore, disrupt the natural ecosystem.
Definition: Any metallic chemical elements that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentration.
In metallurgy, Heavy Metals are defined on the basis of density, having density more than 4g/cm3. In physics it is defined on the basis of atomic number having atomic number more than 20, while in chemistry on the basis of chemical behavior. But, modern definition of heavy metals describes as metallic elements and metalloids which are toxic to the environment and human.
• Heavy metal ranges from 3.5g/cm3 to 7 g/cm3 and have specific gravity at least 5 times more than water.
• These are often called ‘trace elements’ as required in small quantity (ppm or ppb)
• Heavy metals can be found in the forms of sulfates, hydroxides, oxides, sulfides, phosphates, and silicates.
• Heavy metal contamination and toxicity: a prominent environmental issue in water, soil/sediments and air.
• Heavy metals can be both beneficial and detrimental (at high concentration) to the environment and life.
• These are natural components of the Earth’s crust. Consumed by life forms via eating food, drinking water and inhaling air.
Physical Properties of heavy metals
• Lustre /shininess
• High melting point
• High density
• Good conductor of heat and electricity
• Non-degradable
• Malleable
• Ductile
Toxicological properties of Heavy Metals
• Persistence –long residual and half life
• Soil residence time is more than 1000years
• Acute toxicity-plants, animals and microorganisms
• Bioaccumulation and biomagnifications through food chain
• Chronic and sub-lethal effects at low concentration
• Synergistic effects
• Teratogenic and carcinogenic properties
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Heavy metals occur naturally but human activities concentrate them and introduce them into the environment. Plants uptake heavy metals through their roots from soil and water and act as conduits for metals to enter the food chain as animals consume plants and humans consume plants and animals. Common heavy metal contaminants taken up by plants include cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc. Some metals are necessary micronutrients for plants, but others like cadmium, lead, and mercury have unknown biological functions. Hyperaccumulator plants are able to grow in high metal concentrations by absorbing and storing extremely high levels of metals in their tissues through specialized root and transport systems.
Esu4 ao s1 hm x heavy metals
Heavy metals are naturally occurring metals with high densities that can also be released into the environment through human activities like mining and fossil fuel combustion. Heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, and lead are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in organisms, causing health effects. Mercury is a liquid metal that evaporates easily and bioaccumulates as methylmercury in fish, posing risks to humans and wildlife through consumption. Common sources of mercury include mining, cement production, and fossil fuel combustion, and it can transport long distances before depositing and accumulating in ecosystems.
O xygen, sodium and phosphorus1
This document provides information about the elements oxygen, sodium, and phosphorus. It defines their chemical symbols and etymology. It discusses their atomic numbers, placement in the periodic table, states, physical and chemical properties, isotopes, biological roles and uses. Some interesting facts are also provided, such as why sodium explodes in water and that we cannot survive without oxygen for more than 5 minutes. Credits and references are listed at the end.
Similar to LITHIUM (20)
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Ion Exchange Resin MBHPE-TKP
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Ion Exchange Resin MBHPE-TKP
Chemistry Unit 2 Part 5 - The Representative Elements
Chemistry Unit 2 Part 5 - The Representative Elements
LITHIUM
- 1. OUR OBJECTIVE • WE will begin learning the groups of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. Today’s lesson focuses on the Alkali Metals, their characteristics and differences and how they are incorporatedinto our every day lives.
- 2. HYDROGEN The most abundant element in the universe, hydrogen is alsoa promising source of "clean" fuel on Earth. hydrogen makes up more than 90 percent of all of the atoms. Hydrogen is essential for life, and it is present in nearlyall the molecules in living things. The element also occurs in the stars and powers the universe through the proton-proton reaction and carbon-nitrogen cycle.
- 3. LITHIUM Date of Discovery: 1817 Discoverer: Johann Arfvedson Name Origin: From the Greek word lithos (stone) Uses: batteries, ceramics, lubricants Obtained From: passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride,
- 4. SODIUM • Although sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth and comprises about 2.6% of the earth's crust, it is a very reactive element and is never found free in nature • Sodium is used in the production of titanium, sodamide, sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, and sodium hydride. • Sodium also forms many useful compounds. Some of the most common are: table salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na2CO3), baking soda
- 5. POTASSIUM (K) • Potassium is a very important mineral for the proper function of all cells, tissues, and organs in the human body. • It is also an electrolyte, a substance that conducts electricity in the body, along with sodium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium. • Many foods contain potassium, including all meats, some types of fish and many fruits, vegetables, and legumes. • Dairy products are also good sources of potassium.
- 6. RUBIDIUM (RB) • Rubidium is used in vacuum tubes as a getter, a material that combines with and removes trace gases from vacuum tubes. • It is also used in the manufacture of photocells and in special glasses. Since it is easily ionized, it might be used as a propellant in ion engines on spacecraft. • Derived from Lithium
- 7. CESIUM (CS) • Cesium has the second lowest melting point of all metallic elements, which limits its uses. • Since it is easily ionized and has a high mass, cesium ions may one day be used as a propellant in ion engines on spacecraft. • Cesium reacts violently with water and ice, forming cesium hydroxide (CsOH). • Cesium hydroxide is the strongest base known and will attack glass.