Nitrogen and sodium are both common elements. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that makes up 78% of the atmosphere. It is found in many compounds including ammonia and nitric acid. Nitrogen forms very strong bonds that are difficult to break, but releasing energy when burned. Sodium is a soft, silvery metal that is highly reactive and burns with a yellow flame. It is found in sea salt and used to make sodium chloride, as well as other compounds like sodium hydroxide. Both nitrogen and sodium are abundant in nature and have many industrial applications.

1. NITROGEN AND
SODIUM

2. NITROGEN
Nitrogen is a chemicalelementthathas the symbol N,
atomicnumber of 7 and atomicmass 14.000 u. Elemental
nitrogenis a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert
diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting78% by
volume of Earth'satmosphere.

3. Many industriallyimportant compounds, such as ammonia,
nitricacid, organic nitrates (propellants and explosives), and
cyanides, containnitrogen.The extremely strong bond in
elementalnitrogendominates nitrogenchemistry, causing
difficulty for both organisms and industry in breaking the
bond to convert the N2 into usefulcompounds, but releasing
large amountsof often usefulenergy, whenthesecompounds
burn, explode, or decay back into nitrogengas.

4. salient features:
It has a high electronegativity(3.4 on the Pauling
scale), and when you have neutralcharge, 5
electronsin the outermost level, behaving as
trivalentmost stablecompounds thatform.

5. Applications
The most importantcommercial application of diatomic
nitrogenis obtainingammoniaby the Haber process.
Ammonia is subsequentlyused inthe manufactureof
fertilizers and nitricacid.
Nitricacid salts include important compounds such as
potassium nitrate(saltpeter or nitrateused inmaking
gunpowder) and ammoniumnitrate fertilizer.

6. The organic nitrogencompounds such as nitroglycerin and
trinitrotolueneare often explosive. Hydrazine and its
derivatives are used as rocket fuel.
Being a very reactive gas, nitrogenis used industrially to
create as protective atmospheres and cryogenic gas for
temperaturesof 78K easily and inexpensively.

7. Occurrence
Nitrogen is the main component of Earth's atmosphere (78.% by volume)
and for industrial use is obtained from the distillation of liquid air. It is
also present in the remains of animals, such as guano, usually in the form
ofurea, uric acid and both compounds.
It is also the 3% of the elemental composition of the human body.
Have beenobserved nitrogen-containing compounds in outer space and
the isotope nitrogen-14 is createdin nuclear fusion processes of stars.

8. PHYSICALAND CHEMICALPROPERTIES
In its naturalstateas a diatomic gas is odorless, colorless,
tasteless and nontoxic. The bond between two nitrogen
atoms is very stable,which explains thatin a relatively
stablemolecular state,however, the atomic nitrogen
reacts withease.

9. It is an inert gas, nonmetal, colorless, odorless
and tasteless, which makes up about four-fifths
of atmospheric air, although not involved in
combustion or respiration. It has a high
electronegativity (3 in the Pauling scale) and 5
electrons in the outermost level behave as
trivalent in most compounds thatform.

10. Sodium
Sodium isa chemical element with symbol Na (Latin natrium) and
atomic number 11, wasdiscovered by Sir Humphry Davy. Alkali
metal isa soft, creamy, silvery, very abundant in nature, found in
sea saltand the mineral halite. It is highly reactive, burns with
yellow flame, oxidizes in the presence of oxygen and reacts
violently with water.

11. Key Features
Likeother alkalimetal sodium is a soft, silvery light that is
not found free in nature. Sodium decomposing it floats in
water, releasing hydrogen and forming a hydroxide. Under
appropriate conditions react spontaneously in water.
Normally not burn on contact with airbelow 40 ° C.

12. Use ofsodium
Sodium metal is used in organic synthesis asa reducing agent. It is
also a component of sodium chloride necessary for living. Other uses
are:
• In antifriction alloys (gold).
• In the manufacturing of deodorants (in combination with fatty
acids).
• In the purification of molten metals.

13. • The Na K alloy, amaterial used for heat transfer aswell asdesiccant
for organic solvents and asa reductant. Is liquid atroom temperature.
Sodium isalso used ascoolant.
• Lead Alloyis used in the manufacture of detonating additive for
gasoline.
• It is also used in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.
• Lighting by sodium vapor lamps.

14. Abundance
Sodium is relatively abundantin stars, detectingits
presence across the solar spectrum D line,located
approximately in the yellow. The earth'scrust contains
about 2.6% of sodium,which makes it thefourth most
abundantelement,and the most abundantof the alkali
metals.

15. Today is produced by electrolysis of moltensodium
chloride, cheaper procedure thanthe onepreviously
used, theelectrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Alkali
metalis thecheapest.
The most abundantcompound of sodium is sodium
chloride or common salt, but is also present in
various mineralslike haliteand zeolites.