The document discusses the components and flows of communication in an organization. It identifies the main components as the context, sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback. It describes the different flows of communication as downward from managers to subordinates, upward from subordinates to managers, lateral between peers, diagonal between different departments, and external with outside groups. It also discusses the importance of feedback in the communication process and defines grapevine communication as informal channels that spread rapidly throughout an organization.
The office grapevine & management communicationBablu Chakma
This document discusses organizational communication and the grapevine communication network. It defines key terms like communication, organization, and organizational communication. It then explains the formal and informal communication structures within organizations. Specifically, it focuses on the grapevine, which is the informal social network through which rumors and gossip spread. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the grapevine, and how management can help control the spread of misinformation through it. It also discusses the different types of formal communication flows in an organization, including downward, upward, and horizontal communication.
External communication refers to communication between an organization and outside groups or individuals not within its formal structure. It typically involves formal channels like press releases, advertisements, and product orders to control the organization's image and maintain good relationships. The main goals of external communication are to present a favorable image, promote the organization, advertise to customers, and provide information about products and services to facilitate cooperation with external groups.
This document discusses formal communication in organizations. It defines formal communication as official, written communication such as notices, letters, and memos. It describes the different types of formal communication as upward, horizontal, diagonal, and downward. Advantages of formal communication include its systematic nature, ease of fixing responsibilities, and ability to exercise control. Disadvantages are delays due to chains of command and impersonal nature. Formal communication networks can take the form of wheel, chain, circle, channel, or inverted v patterns to dictate how information flows within an organization.
Presentation on formal vs informal communication Md. Reajul Kabir
Communication is the sharing of information between individuals or groups to reach a common understanding. There are formal and informal styles of communication that are each appropriate depending on the situation. Formal communication follows official rules and includes downward, upward, and horizontal messages within an organization. Informal communication occurs spontaneously between people of varying statuses and helps indicate employee concerns and satisfaction. Both formal and informal communication are necessary for effective information sharing in organizations.
The presentation discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks through physical or chemical means without transportation, while erosion is the transportation and deposition of weathered materials by agents such as wind, water or ice. The key types of weathering are physical weathering which breaks rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change, and chemical weathering which alters the chemical composition of rocks through processes like oxidation and carbonation.
The document summarizes the interior structure and processes of the Earth. It describes how the Earth's core provides internal heat that drives geological activity. Seismic wave analysis revealed the Earth has distinct layers - a solid crust and mantle, and a liquid outer core and solid inner core. The heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay in the mantle powers plate tectonics and causes earthquakes and volcanoes at the surface. The document outlines the layers and composition of the Earth's interior based on seismic evidence.
This document discusses three main climatic zones: tropical, equatorial, and temperate. It provides characteristics of each zone. The tropical zone extends from 0-23.5 degrees latitude and has very warm temperatures due to high solar radiation. The subtropics from 23.5-40 degrees receive less moisture and have deserts. The temperate zone from 40-60 degrees has cooler average temperatures and distinct seasons compared to the other zones.
The term precipitation is also used to refer all forms of falling moisture viz., rainfall, snowfall, sleet, hail etc. Rainfall occurs in the form of a pattern. Atmospheric Precipitation is a wonderful process for the whole globe to use. This module explains it in general.
The office grapevine & management communicationBablu Chakma
This document discusses organizational communication and the grapevine communication network. It defines key terms like communication, organization, and organizational communication. It then explains the formal and informal communication structures within organizations. Specifically, it focuses on the grapevine, which is the informal social network through which rumors and gossip spread. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the grapevine, and how management can help control the spread of misinformation through it. It also discusses the different types of formal communication flows in an organization, including downward, upward, and horizontal communication.
External communication refers to communication between an organization and outside groups or individuals not within its formal structure. It typically involves formal channels like press releases, advertisements, and product orders to control the organization's image and maintain good relationships. The main goals of external communication are to present a favorable image, promote the organization, advertise to customers, and provide information about products and services to facilitate cooperation with external groups.
This document discusses formal communication in organizations. It defines formal communication as official, written communication such as notices, letters, and memos. It describes the different types of formal communication as upward, horizontal, diagonal, and downward. Advantages of formal communication include its systematic nature, ease of fixing responsibilities, and ability to exercise control. Disadvantages are delays due to chains of command and impersonal nature. Formal communication networks can take the form of wheel, chain, circle, channel, or inverted v patterns to dictate how information flows within an organization.
Presentation on formal vs informal communication Md. Reajul Kabir
Communication is the sharing of information between individuals or groups to reach a common understanding. There are formal and informal styles of communication that are each appropriate depending on the situation. Formal communication follows official rules and includes downward, upward, and horizontal messages within an organization. Informal communication occurs spontaneously between people of varying statuses and helps indicate employee concerns and satisfaction. Both formal and informal communication are necessary for effective information sharing in organizations.
The presentation discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks through physical or chemical means without transportation, while erosion is the transportation and deposition of weathered materials by agents such as wind, water or ice. The key types of weathering are physical weathering which breaks rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change, and chemical weathering which alters the chemical composition of rocks through processes like oxidation and carbonation.
The document summarizes the interior structure and processes of the Earth. It describes how the Earth's core provides internal heat that drives geological activity. Seismic wave analysis revealed the Earth has distinct layers - a solid crust and mantle, and a liquid outer core and solid inner core. The heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay in the mantle powers plate tectonics and causes earthquakes and volcanoes at the surface. The document outlines the layers and composition of the Earth's interior based on seismic evidence.
This document discusses three main climatic zones: tropical, equatorial, and temperate. It provides characteristics of each zone. The tropical zone extends from 0-23.5 degrees latitude and has very warm temperatures due to high solar radiation. The subtropics from 23.5-40 degrees receive less moisture and have deserts. The temperate zone from 40-60 degrees has cooler average temperatures and distinct seasons compared to the other zones.
The term precipitation is also used to refer all forms of falling moisture viz., rainfall, snowfall, sleet, hail etc. Rainfall occurs in the form of a pattern. Atmospheric Precipitation is a wonderful process for the whole globe to use. This module explains it in general.
The document discusses various forms of communication. It defines communication and describes the key elements and process of communication. The main forms of communication discussed are verbal communication, which includes oral and written communication, and non-verbal communication, which includes sign language, body language, and other visual and audio signals. Within non-verbal communication, specific aspects like posture, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, personal appearance and vocal features are explained. Advantages and disadvantages of different forms of communication are also highlighted.
: NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION ...Arham Bothra
This document discusses the nature and importance of business communication. It defines business communication as the flow of information between people at different levels of an organization to allocate work and promote products/services. The nature of business communication is described as a continuous, contextual, two-way process aimed at achieving organizational objectives and dispelling misunderstandings. Some key importance of business communication include bringing people closer, saving time, breaking barriers, and influencing actions/attitudes. Overall, the document emphasizes that effective business communication is important for sharing information within an organization.
This document discusses the characteristics and types of organizational communication. It outlines that communication should be complete, promote understanding, have substance, and can be oral, written, or gestural. Communication can be formal or informal and is a continuous and vital process for managerial functions that requires mutual understanding. The types of organizational communication include formal and informal communication depending on relationships, upward and downward communication depending on direction, and oral or written communication depending on the way of expression.
Organizational communication flows through an organization's structure and impacts behavior, human relations, and performance. There are formal communication channels like vertical and horizontal communication as well as informal communication through the grapevine. Communication flows can be upward, downward, lateral, and multidirectional. The communication process involves a sender, transmission, and receiver, but there can be barriers at each stage that disrupt the process, including personal, physical, and semantic barriers. An organization's communication style is influenced by its leaders' personal styles like assertive, aggressive, or non-assertive.
This document discusses different types of organizational communication. It describes formal communication as flowing through prescribed channels, including vertical communication up and down the hierarchy as well as horizontal communication between peers. It notes limitations of downward, upward, and horizontal formal communication. Informal communication is defined as occurring through nonofficial channels, including the grapevine, which is an informal method of spreading information.
Downward communication flows from superiors to subordinates and is used to supply information, assign work, explain policies and plans. It has advantages like keeping subordinates well-informed but disadvantages like being time-consuming and allowing for distortion. Upward communication flows from lower to higher levels and provides feedback and suggestions, but can be distorted or delayed. Lateral communication flows between the same levels and aids coordination, while diagonal communication cuts across functions and levels without a line of command.
The document discusses formal and informal communication in organizations. Formal communication refers to official messages that flow through recognized channels laid out by the organization, including downward, upward, and lateral communication. It has advantages like effectiveness and control but can be slow and rigid. Informal communication consists of unofficial work-related or personal messages outside formal channels that fulfill psychological needs but may distort information or leak confidential details. Both formal and informal communication media are important aspects of organizational interactions.
This document discusses cloud bursting, which is an extreme amount of precipitation over a short period of time capable of causing flash flooding. It defines cloud bursting as rainfall of over 100 mm per hour and explains that the rapid growth of large raindrops falling from convective clouds up to 15 km high can cause these events. The document also notes that hilly areas are more prone to cloud bursting when water flows down steep slopes quickly. While cloud bursts are difficult to predict precisely, areas likely to experience heavy rain can be identified. The impacts of cloud bursting include floods, damage, deforestation, and loss of life. An example of a devastating cloud burst is described from Leh, Ladakh in 2010 that killed 300 people.
The document discusses the three main types of rainfall: convectional, orographic, and frontal/cyclonic. Convectional rainfall occurs when warm air near the surface rises vertically due to heating from the sun, cools and condenses to form cumulonimbus clouds and rain. Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over mountains, cooling and condensing on mountain slopes. Frontal/cyclonic rainfall occurs along boundaries where warm and cold air masses meet, with the warm air forced aloft over the cold air, cooling and producing precipitation along the frontal zone. Diagrams are provided to illustrate each type.
Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another. It involves the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through an agreed-upon channel. The communication process consists of a sender encoding a message and selecting a channel to transmit it through, the receiver decoding the message, and the receiver providing feedback to the sender. Effective communication is a two-way process of sharing information and building understanding between individuals.
Combustion is the chemical reaction that takes place when a substance burns and reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light energy. Examples of combustible substances that undergo this reaction include paper, wood, coal, and magnesium ribbon. Non-combustible substances like nails and water do not burn. The combustion reaction requires oxygen - when oxygen is removed, a burning candle will go out. Common combustion reactions include magnesium burning to form magnesium oxide, hydrogen burning to form water, and carbon in coal burning to form carbon dioxide.
Climatic systems major components and implications in agricultural planningJack Onyisi Abebe
This document discusses the components of climatic systems and their implications for agricultural planning. It defines climatic systems as consisting of five major components: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere. It describes each of these components and their interactions. The document then discusses how understanding climatic systems can inform various aspects of agricultural planning, such as selecting crop varieties suited to local climates, managing frost and drought risks, and adapting to climate change.
Organizational Communication (Key Distinctions)Mira Magnaye
Presentation covers the directions of the communication, comparison between internal and external communications, and their significance in the organization.
Saltwater intrusion occurs when saline water from the ocean moves into freshwater aquifers located near the coast. It is often caused by groundwater pumping or construction activities that provide pathways for saltwater. Saltwater intrusion impacts freshwater resources and can lead to the loss of vegetation. The Ghyben-Herzberg relation describes the interaction between fresh and saltwater, and estimates that for every foot of freshwater above sea level, there will be 40 feet below. Management strategies aim to maintain groundwater levels and include conservation, alternative water sources, recharge, and monitoring wells.
This document provides an introduction to organizational communication. It defines organizational communication as the study of how organizations send and receive information within complex environments, going beyond just effective speaking, writing and listening. It identifies three fundamental characteristics of organizational communication: centrality, pervasiveness and complexity. The document then addresses five common myths about organizational communication and explains why each is a myth. It also defines communication, describes the eight types of non-verbal communication, levels of communication, and four key factors that affect organizational communication: communication skills, networks, culture and power.
The document discusses the process of communication and the difference between general and technical communication. The process of communication involves a sender generating an idea and encoding it into a message. The message is transmitted through a channel to a receiver who decodes and interprets it. The receiver then responds and provides feedback to the sender. General communication is informal, uses everyday vocabulary, and can be understood by most people. Technical communication is formal, uses technical terms and jargon, has a specific audience, and focuses on factual technical content.
Formal communication refers to official exchanges of information between individuals in an organized setting like a business or educational institution. It follows established rules and procedures. Formal communication is typically written but can also be oral. It flows through defined channels in a vertical direction between superiors and subordinates, or horizontally between peers. Some advantages of formal communication include maintaining authority structures and allowing for an orderly flow of information, though it can also lead to information distortion or overload staff.
Physiological, psychological, cultural, language, organizational, and physical barriers can all negatively impact communication. Physiological barriers may arise from impairments like reduced hearing, cultural barriers can occur due to differing expectations of verbal and nonverbal behavior between cultures, and language barriers happen when the communicating parties do not share a common language. Reducing noise, clarifying ideas beforehand, being a good listener, ensuring proper feedback, and building mutual trust can help overcome some potential communication barriers.
Communication is the effective sharing of information between two or more people. It involves a sender, a message, and a receiver. There are various barriers that can disrupt communication, such as noise, lack of planning, assumptions, and cultural differences. Overcoming barriers requires effective planning, choosing the right media, simplifying structures, and improving listening skills. Effective communication is important for organizations as it allows for coordination, productivity, leadership, and human relationships.
Verbal and non-verbal communication are both important forms of communication. Verbal communication involves speaking, writing, listening and reading while using simple language. It allows for interaction but messages can be forgotten and words cannot be taken back. Non-verbal communication includes body language, gestures, eye contact and more. It provides unconscious messages and flows through all communication. Both forms of communication are important, as non-verbal communication matters more than words and allows people to have quality communication skills.
Communication : Components, Flows, Skills and BarriersAyush Parekh
This document discusses executive communication, specifically the components, flow, skills, and barriers of communication. It covers topics such as the importance of communication in organizations, the different flows of communication (downward, upward, lateral, diagonal, external), body language, the 7 C's of effective communication (completeness, conciseness, consideration, clarity, concreteness, courtesy, correctness), and common communication barriers such as perceptual and language differences. Effective communication is essential for organizations to function properly and requires understanding various components, channels, and skills of communication, as well as overcoming potential barriers.
The document discusses communication skills for nurses. It defines communication and describes the communication process. Effective communication involves a sender, message, medium, receiver, feedback. Barriers to communication include organizational, semantic, personal and psychological barriers. Verbal communication can be oral or written, while non-verbal communication includes body language. Principles of effective communication are also outlined.
The document discusses various forms of communication. It defines communication and describes the key elements and process of communication. The main forms of communication discussed are verbal communication, which includes oral and written communication, and non-verbal communication, which includes sign language, body language, and other visual and audio signals. Within non-verbal communication, specific aspects like posture, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, personal appearance and vocal features are explained. Advantages and disadvantages of different forms of communication are also highlighted.
: NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION ...Arham Bothra
This document discusses the nature and importance of business communication. It defines business communication as the flow of information between people at different levels of an organization to allocate work and promote products/services. The nature of business communication is described as a continuous, contextual, two-way process aimed at achieving organizational objectives and dispelling misunderstandings. Some key importance of business communication include bringing people closer, saving time, breaking barriers, and influencing actions/attitudes. Overall, the document emphasizes that effective business communication is important for sharing information within an organization.
This document discusses the characteristics and types of organizational communication. It outlines that communication should be complete, promote understanding, have substance, and can be oral, written, or gestural. Communication can be formal or informal and is a continuous and vital process for managerial functions that requires mutual understanding. The types of organizational communication include formal and informal communication depending on relationships, upward and downward communication depending on direction, and oral or written communication depending on the way of expression.
Organizational communication flows through an organization's structure and impacts behavior, human relations, and performance. There are formal communication channels like vertical and horizontal communication as well as informal communication through the grapevine. Communication flows can be upward, downward, lateral, and multidirectional. The communication process involves a sender, transmission, and receiver, but there can be barriers at each stage that disrupt the process, including personal, physical, and semantic barriers. An organization's communication style is influenced by its leaders' personal styles like assertive, aggressive, or non-assertive.
This document discusses different types of organizational communication. It describes formal communication as flowing through prescribed channels, including vertical communication up and down the hierarchy as well as horizontal communication between peers. It notes limitations of downward, upward, and horizontal formal communication. Informal communication is defined as occurring through nonofficial channels, including the grapevine, which is an informal method of spreading information.
Downward communication flows from superiors to subordinates and is used to supply information, assign work, explain policies and plans. It has advantages like keeping subordinates well-informed but disadvantages like being time-consuming and allowing for distortion. Upward communication flows from lower to higher levels and provides feedback and suggestions, but can be distorted or delayed. Lateral communication flows between the same levels and aids coordination, while diagonal communication cuts across functions and levels without a line of command.
The document discusses formal and informal communication in organizations. Formal communication refers to official messages that flow through recognized channels laid out by the organization, including downward, upward, and lateral communication. It has advantages like effectiveness and control but can be slow and rigid. Informal communication consists of unofficial work-related or personal messages outside formal channels that fulfill psychological needs but may distort information or leak confidential details. Both formal and informal communication media are important aspects of organizational interactions.
This document discusses cloud bursting, which is an extreme amount of precipitation over a short period of time capable of causing flash flooding. It defines cloud bursting as rainfall of over 100 mm per hour and explains that the rapid growth of large raindrops falling from convective clouds up to 15 km high can cause these events. The document also notes that hilly areas are more prone to cloud bursting when water flows down steep slopes quickly. While cloud bursts are difficult to predict precisely, areas likely to experience heavy rain can be identified. The impacts of cloud bursting include floods, damage, deforestation, and loss of life. An example of a devastating cloud burst is described from Leh, Ladakh in 2010 that killed 300 people.
The document discusses the three main types of rainfall: convectional, orographic, and frontal/cyclonic. Convectional rainfall occurs when warm air near the surface rises vertically due to heating from the sun, cools and condenses to form cumulonimbus clouds and rain. Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over mountains, cooling and condensing on mountain slopes. Frontal/cyclonic rainfall occurs along boundaries where warm and cold air masses meet, with the warm air forced aloft over the cold air, cooling and producing precipitation along the frontal zone. Diagrams are provided to illustrate each type.
Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another. It involves the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through an agreed-upon channel. The communication process consists of a sender encoding a message and selecting a channel to transmit it through, the receiver decoding the message, and the receiver providing feedback to the sender. Effective communication is a two-way process of sharing information and building understanding between individuals.
Combustion is the chemical reaction that takes place when a substance burns and reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light energy. Examples of combustible substances that undergo this reaction include paper, wood, coal, and magnesium ribbon. Non-combustible substances like nails and water do not burn. The combustion reaction requires oxygen - when oxygen is removed, a burning candle will go out. Common combustion reactions include magnesium burning to form magnesium oxide, hydrogen burning to form water, and carbon in coal burning to form carbon dioxide.
Climatic systems major components and implications in agricultural planningJack Onyisi Abebe
This document discusses the components of climatic systems and their implications for agricultural planning. It defines climatic systems as consisting of five major components: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere. It describes each of these components and their interactions. The document then discusses how understanding climatic systems can inform various aspects of agricultural planning, such as selecting crop varieties suited to local climates, managing frost and drought risks, and adapting to climate change.
Organizational Communication (Key Distinctions)Mira Magnaye
Presentation covers the directions of the communication, comparison between internal and external communications, and their significance in the organization.
Saltwater intrusion occurs when saline water from the ocean moves into freshwater aquifers located near the coast. It is often caused by groundwater pumping or construction activities that provide pathways for saltwater. Saltwater intrusion impacts freshwater resources and can lead to the loss of vegetation. The Ghyben-Herzberg relation describes the interaction between fresh and saltwater, and estimates that for every foot of freshwater above sea level, there will be 40 feet below. Management strategies aim to maintain groundwater levels and include conservation, alternative water sources, recharge, and monitoring wells.
This document provides an introduction to organizational communication. It defines organizational communication as the study of how organizations send and receive information within complex environments, going beyond just effective speaking, writing and listening. It identifies three fundamental characteristics of organizational communication: centrality, pervasiveness and complexity. The document then addresses five common myths about organizational communication and explains why each is a myth. It also defines communication, describes the eight types of non-verbal communication, levels of communication, and four key factors that affect organizational communication: communication skills, networks, culture and power.
The document discusses the process of communication and the difference between general and technical communication. The process of communication involves a sender generating an idea and encoding it into a message. The message is transmitted through a channel to a receiver who decodes and interprets it. The receiver then responds and provides feedback to the sender. General communication is informal, uses everyday vocabulary, and can be understood by most people. Technical communication is formal, uses technical terms and jargon, has a specific audience, and focuses on factual technical content.
Formal communication refers to official exchanges of information between individuals in an organized setting like a business or educational institution. It follows established rules and procedures. Formal communication is typically written but can also be oral. It flows through defined channels in a vertical direction between superiors and subordinates, or horizontally between peers. Some advantages of formal communication include maintaining authority structures and allowing for an orderly flow of information, though it can also lead to information distortion or overload staff.
Physiological, psychological, cultural, language, organizational, and physical barriers can all negatively impact communication. Physiological barriers may arise from impairments like reduced hearing, cultural barriers can occur due to differing expectations of verbal and nonverbal behavior between cultures, and language barriers happen when the communicating parties do not share a common language. Reducing noise, clarifying ideas beforehand, being a good listener, ensuring proper feedback, and building mutual trust can help overcome some potential communication barriers.
Communication is the effective sharing of information between two or more people. It involves a sender, a message, and a receiver. There are various barriers that can disrupt communication, such as noise, lack of planning, assumptions, and cultural differences. Overcoming barriers requires effective planning, choosing the right media, simplifying structures, and improving listening skills. Effective communication is important for organizations as it allows for coordination, productivity, leadership, and human relationships.
Verbal and non-verbal communication are both important forms of communication. Verbal communication involves speaking, writing, listening and reading while using simple language. It allows for interaction but messages can be forgotten and words cannot be taken back. Non-verbal communication includes body language, gestures, eye contact and more. It provides unconscious messages and flows through all communication. Both forms of communication are important, as non-verbal communication matters more than words and allows people to have quality communication skills.
Communication : Components, Flows, Skills and BarriersAyush Parekh
This document discusses executive communication, specifically the components, flow, skills, and barriers of communication. It covers topics such as the importance of communication in organizations, the different flows of communication (downward, upward, lateral, diagonal, external), body language, the 7 C's of effective communication (completeness, conciseness, consideration, clarity, concreteness, courtesy, correctness), and common communication barriers such as perceptual and language differences. Effective communication is essential for organizations to function properly and requires understanding various components, channels, and skills of communication, as well as overcoming potential barriers.
The document discusses communication skills for nurses. It defines communication and describes the communication process. Effective communication involves a sender, message, medium, receiver, feedback. Barriers to communication include organizational, semantic, personal and psychological barriers. Verbal communication can be oral or written, while non-verbal communication includes body language. Principles of effective communication are also outlined.
This document defines communication and its key elements. It discusses the communication process, types of communication, direction and flow of communication in organizations, communication networks, barriers to communication, and how to overcome communication barriers. Specifically, it defines verbal and non-verbal communication. It outlines the main elements in the communication process as the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also discusses formal and informal communication as well as upward, downward, horizontal, and diagonal flows of communication in an organization.
1. Effective communication is important for managers to perform their key functions like planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
2. There are several barriers that can interrupt communication flow like differences in perception, information overload, distractions, and complex organizational structures.
3. Managers must identify communication barriers, understand their causes, and take steps to overcome them such as using simple language, active listening, and selecting the proper media.
Communication barriers can severely impact an organization if not addressed. The main barriers are perceptual and language differences between individuals, information overload for managers, inattention when receiving messages, time pressures that shorten communication channels, distractions and noise that interfere with messages, the emotional states of communicators and receivers, complex organizational structures that distort information as it passes through levels, and poor retention of information. Managers must identify these barriers and take steps like ensuring cultural fit of employees, using simple language, reducing noise, practicing active listening, controlling emotional states and body language, simplifying organizational structures, avoiding information overload, giving constructive feedback, selecting proper communication media, and allowing flexibility in meeting targets. Effective communication is essential for managers to perform core functions and
Business Communication (as per DAVV syllabus)Sarabjeet Singh
The document provides an overview of business communication. It discusses communication as the exchange of information through various means like speech, writing, gestures etc. Effective communication requires a clear message, medium to transmit the message, a sender and receiver. There must also be feedback from the receiver for the communication process to be complete. The document also outlines various principles, types, importance and channels of business communication. It emphasizes that communication is crucial for decision making, productivity, work flow, building relationships and more within an organization.
Importance of business communication for developing buyerAkash Islam
Business communication refers to sharing information within a company for commercial benefit, as well as promoting products/services to consumers. It encompasses topics like marketing, customer relations, and public relations. Business communication objectives include various forms of electronic, written, and in-person communication. There are key elements and features of business communication, such as the message, sender, receiver, channels, symbols, and feedback. The steps of business communication are forming the idea, encoding it, transmitting it, receiving it, decoding it, and providing feedback. Communication can occur vertically between levels of an organization's hierarchy or horizontally between peers.
This document discusses various aspects of communication including definitions, models, factors influencing organizational communication, and negotiating conflicts. It defines communication as sharing meaning through symbolic messages. The communication model involves a sender encoding a message, which is sent through a channel and decoded by the receiver. There may be feedback. Vertical, lateral, formal, and informal communication networks influence information sharing in organizations. Negotiation is used to manage conflicts through communication and bargaining to reach agreements beneficial to both parties.
1. intro, importance, purpose of communication, process, and 7c's.pptxPoonamJha24
Communication is the exchange of information between two or more parties to reach mutual understanding. It can be verbal, through words, or non-verbal, through gestures and body language. Effective communication is a two-way process that involves a sender transmitting a clear and concise message that the receiver then understands and provides feedback on. Some key purposes of communication include exchanging information, issuing instructions, training and educating, advising, persuading, motivating, and warning. Proper communication is important for planning, decision-making, coordination, building trust, motivating employees, and effective management control in organizations. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, sending it through a channel and medium, the receiver decoding the message,
This document discusses instructional media and communication. It defines instructional media as materials and methods used by instructors to facilitate learning, including traditional materials like chalkboards and newer technologies. It then discusses the importance of effective communication for managers in organizations, noting that managers spend significant time communicating and it is essential for key functions. The document outlines several roles and advantages of media in instruction, including supporting live instruction, independent instruction through packaged media, and use in portfolios. It also discusses thematic instruction, which integrates core subjects around broad themes.
What is Communication_ Verbal, Non-Verbal, Types of Communication.pdfparminderkaur452766
Communication is fundamental to the existence and survival of humans as well as to an organization. It is a process of creating and sharing ideas, information, views, facts, feelings from one place, person or group to another. Communication is the key to the Directing function of management.
Features of Business Communication:
Business Communication has certain features or characteristics which enable us to distinguish it from
other communication.
A communication to be business communication must be:
1. Practical:
Effective business communication deals with the practical aspect of the information explaining why, how,
when and the like queries. It avoids impractical, imaginary, unnecessary or repetitive information to
eliminate waste of time. It conveys important information to the receiver.
2. Factual:
In general, a business message contains facts and figures in place of overall idea. Important date, place,
time, etc. should be clearly mentioned in a business communication.
3. Clear and Brief:
The language used in business communication should be simple, clear, brief and without ambiguity.
Sometimes charts, photographs, diagrams, etc. are used to condense or clarify the information.
4. Target-Oriented:
A business communication must have a specific objective and must be planned properly so that the
objective can be achieved.
5. Persuasive:
Business communication often plays a persuasive role. It persuades an employee to perform his/her
duties, a customer to buy a product or service etc. The basic characteristics mentioned above are related
to the message or information of the communication.
The process of business communication has certain other characteristics. They are:
1. Integral Part of Management Process:
Communication encompasses those activities by which the ideas, opinions and decisions of the managers
are conveyed to the subordinates of different ranks. It also involves the exchange of facts, feelings,
suggestions and responses between the superiors and subordinates.
Communication, in this way, puts the people into action, guides and directs their activities, regulates and
co-ordinates them for proper work performance. A manager, thus, performs the management functions
through communication and managerial positions become the communication centres to receive
information from various sources for its transmission to relevant points.
So, communication is a part and parcel of management function, and is, thus, an integral part of
management process. That is why, Chester I. Bernard remarks, “the first executive function is to
develop and maintain a system of communication”.
2. Two-Way Traffic:
Communication does not only mean its downward movement from superior to the subordinates it implies
both the transmission and reception. So, when conveying any information, a manager should know its
reactions and responses. Otherwise, managerial task of guiding and directing will be ineffective.
A man should, thus, not only speak, inform and order, but should also be able to listen, answer and
interpret. Communication, therefore, involves two-way traffic from the managers to the employees and
from the employees to the managers. It is not complete unless the message has been correctly understood
by the receiver and its res
This document discusses the basics of communication. It begins by outlining the objectives and key concepts to be covered, including the communication process, types of communication, and the 7 C's model. The communication process involves encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages between a sender and receiver. Communication in organizations can flow upward, downward, horizontally, or diagonally. The main objectives and importance of communication are to exchange information, provide advice, issue instructions, provide training, motivate employees, raise morale, give suggestions, and persuade. Effective communication is important for both individuals and organizations to be successful.
Importance of Business Communication & Communication in an Organization 1.pdfALFNETCOMMUNICATIONS
Communication is essential for effective management and business operations. It allows organizations to plan, organize, lead and control activities. Effective communication helps disseminate information, build understanding, and get feedback. In large organizations, communication flows in multiple directions - downward from superiors to subordinates, upward from subordinates to superiors, laterally between peers, and diagonally between different work groups. Maintaining open communication channels is important for coordination, motivation, decision making, and developing positive attitudes among employees. Overall, effective communication is critical for the success and growth of any organization.
Communication is defined as the exchange of verbal and non-verbal messages through a medium between a sender and receiver. For communication to be effective, the message must be understood by the receiver in the same way intended by the sender. Communication flows in various directions within an organization, including downward from managers to subordinates, upward from subordinates to managers, and laterally between peers. Effective communication is important for management functions like planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, and promotes motivation, decision making, and socialization within an organization. Barriers to communication can occur from differences in perception, information overload, inattention, and other factors.
The document discusses communication skills and the communication process. It defines communication as the transfer of information from one place to another through various channels such as voice, writing, visuals, and nonverbal means. It then describes the key components of the communication process, including the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Finally, it explains the steps in the communication process as developing an idea, encoding the message, selecting a channel, transmitting the message, receiving the message, decoding the message, and providing feedback. The overall goal is the effective transmission and understanding of information between parties.
This document discusses communication in business organizations. It defines communication as the transfer of information from one entity to another. The communication process involves a sender transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver. Key components of the process include the context, message, medium, encoder/sender, and decoder/receiver. Feedback allows the sender to assess how the message was interpreted. Effective communication is important for organizations as it promotes motivation, informs decision-making, shapes attitudes, and helps with controlling employee behavior. The document also outlines different types of communication flows within organizations.
Notes of communication skills and report writting noshad ahmedNoshad Ahmed Wahocho
This document discusses communication skills for report writing. It defines communication and identifies its main components, including the sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback. It also distinguishes between verbal and non-verbal communication. The document outlines the key sections of a report, such as the title, summary, introduction, body, conclusion, and appendices. Finally, it examines different approaches to communication and the importance of communication within organizations.
This document provides an overview of communication concepts including definitions of communication, the communication process, types of communication channels, and objectives of formal and informal communication. Some key points:
- Communication is defined as the sharing or exchanging of ideas, feelings, information, or experience between two or more people. It involves a sender encoding a message, choosing a channel to transmit the message, the receiver decoding the message, and providing feedback.
- There are different types of formal communication channels including downward, upward, vertical, horizontal, and diagonal. Downward communication is from higher to lower levels in an organization. Upward communication allows for employee feedback.
- Objectives of formal communication include getting work done, motivating
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1. The components of the communication process
Communication is a process of exchanging verbal and non verbal messages. It is a
continuous process. Pre-requisite of communication is a message. This message must be
conveyed through some medium to the recipient. It is essential that this message must be
understood by the recipient in same terms as intended by the sender. He must respond within
a time frame. Thus, communication is a two way process and is incomplete without a
feedback from the recipient to the sender on how well the message is understood by him.
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Communication Process
The main components of communication process are as follows:
1. Context - Communication is affected by the context in which it takes place. This
context may be physical, social, chronological or cultural. Every communication
proceeds with context. The sender chooses the message to communicate within a
context.
2. Sender / Encoder - Sender / Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender
makes use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and
produce the required response. For instance - a training manager conducting training
for new batch of employees. Sender may be an individual or a group or an
organization. The views, background, approach, skills, competencies, and knowledge
of the sender have a great impact on the message. The verbal and non verbal symbols
chosen are essential in ascertaining interpretation of the message by the recipient in
the same terms as intended by the sender.
3. Message - Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It is a sign
that elicits the response of recipient. Communication process begins with deciding
about the message to be conveyed. It must be ensured that the main objective of the
message is clear.
4. Medium - Medium is a means used to exchange / transmit the message. The sender
must choose an appropriate medium for transmitting the message else the message
might not be conveyed to the desired recipients. The choice of appropriate medium of
communication is essential for making the message effective and correctly interpreted
by the recipient. This choice of communication medium varies depending upon the
features of communication. For instance - Written medium is chosen when a message
has to be conveyed to a small group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when
spontaneous feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared
then and there.
5. Recipient / Decoder - Recipient / Decoder is a person for whom the message is
intended / aimed / targeted. The degree to which the decoder understands the message
is dependent upon various factors such as knowledge of recipient, their
responsiveness to the message, and the reliance of encoder on decoder.
2. 6. Feedback - Feedback is the main component of communication process as it permits
the sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the
correct interpretation of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through
words) or non-verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in
form of memos, reports, etc.
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The importance of feedback
Receivers are not just passive absorbers of messages; they receive the message and respond
to them. This response of a receiver to sender’s message is called Feedback. Sometimes a
feedback could be a non-verbal smiles, sighs etc. Sometimes it is oral, as when you react to a
colleague’s ideas with questions or comments. Feedback can also be written like - replying to
an e-mail, etc.
Feedback is your audience’s response; it enables you to evaluate the effectiveness of your
message. If your audience doesn’t understand what you mean, you can tell by the response
and then refine the message accordingly.
Giving your audience a chance to provide feedback is crucial for maintaining an open
communication climate. The manager must create an environment that encourages feedback.
For example after explaining the job to the subordinated he must ask them whether they have
understood it or not. He should ask questions like “Do you understand?”, “Do you have any
doubts?” etc. At the same time he must allow his subordinated to express their views also.
Feedback is essential in communication so as to know whether the recipient has understood
the message in the same terms as intended by the sender and whether he agrees to that
message or not.
There are lot of ways in which company takes feedback from their employees, such as :
Employee surveys, memos, emails, open-door policies, company news letter etc. Employees
are not always willing to provide feedback. The organization has to work a lot to get the
accurate feedback. The managers encourage feedback by asking specific questions, allowing
their employees to express general views, etc. The organization should be receptive to their
employee’s feedback.
A manger should ensure that a feedback should:
1. Focus on a particular behaviour - It should be specific rather than being general.
2. Impersonal - Feedback should be job related, the manager should not criticize anyone
personally.
3. Goal oriented - If we have something negative to say about the person, we should
always direct it to the recipients goal.
4. Well timed - Feedback is most effective when there is a short gap between the
recipients behaviour and the receipt of that feedback.
5. Use “I” statements - Manager should make use of statements with the words like “I”,
“However” etc. For example instead of saying”You were absent from work
yesterday”, manager should say”I was annoyes when you missed your work
yesterday”.
6. Ensure understanding - For feedback to be effective, the manager should make sure
that the recipients understands the feedback properly.
3. 7. While giving negative feedback to the recipient, the manager should not mention the
factors which are not in control of the recipient.
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8.
Communication Flows in an Organization
In an organization, communication flows in 5 main directions-
1. Downward
2. Upward
3. Lateral
4. Diagonal
5. External
1. Downward Flow of Communication: Communication that flows from a higher level
in an organization to a lower level is a downward communication. In other words,
communication from superiors to subordinates in a chain of command is a downward
communication. This communication flow is used by the managers to transmit work-related
information to the employees at lower levels. Employees require this
information for performing their jobs and for meeting the expectations of their
managers. Downward communication is used by the managers for the following
purposes -
Providing feedback on employees performance
Giving job instructions
Providing a complete understanding of the employees job as well as to
communicate them how their job is related to other jobs in the organization.
Communicating the organizations mission and vision to the employees.
Highlighting the areas of attention.
Organizational publications, circulars, letter to employees, group meetings etc are
all examples of downward communication. In order to have effective and error-free
downward communication, managers must:
Specify communication objective
Ensure that the message is accurate, specific and unambiguous.
Utilize the best communication technique to convey the message to the
receiver in right form
2. Upward Flow of Communication: Communication that flows to a higher level in an
organization is called upward communication. It provides feedback on how well the
organization is functioning. The subordinates use upward communication to convey
their problems and performances to their superiors.
4. The subordinates also use upward communication to tell how well they have
understood the downward communication. It can also be used by the employees to
share their views and ideas and to participate in the decision-making process.
Upward communication leads to a more committed and loyal workforce in an
organization because the employees are given a chance to raise and speak
dissatisfaction issues to the higher levels. The managers get to know about the
employees feelings towards their jobs, peers, supervisor and organization in general.
Managers can thus accordingly take actions for improving things.
Grievance Redressal System, Complaint and Suggestion Box, Job Satisfaction
surveys etc all help in improving upward communication. Other examples of Upward
Communication are -performance reports made by low level management for
reviewing by higher level management, employee attitude surveys, letters from
employees, employee-manager discussions etc.
3. Lateral / Horizontal Communication: Communication that takes place at same
levels of hierarchy in an organization is called lateral communication, i.e.,
communication between peers, between managers at same levels or between any
horizontally equivalent organizational member. The advantages of horizontal
communication are as follows:
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It is time saving.
It facilitates co-ordination of the task.
It facilitates co-operation among team members.
It provides emotional and social assistance to the organizational members.
It helps in solving various organizational problems.
It is a means of information sharing
It can also be used for resolving conflicts of a department with other department
or conflicts within a department.
4. Diagonal Communication: Communication that takes place between a manager and
employees of other workgroups is called diagonal communication. It generally does
not appear on organizational chart. For instance - To design a training module a
training manager interacts with an Operations personnel to enquire about the way they
perform their task.
5. External Communication: Communication that takes place between a manager and
external groups such as - suppliers, vendors, banks, financial institutes etc. For
instance - To raise capital the Managing director would interact with the Bank
Manager.
5. Grapevine Communication (Informal Business Communication)
Grapevine is an informal channel of business communication. It is called so because it
stretches throughout the organization in all directions irrespective of the authority levels. Man
as we know is a social animal. Despite existence of formal channels in an organization, the
informal channels tend to develop when he interacts with other people in organization. It
exists more at lower levels of organization.
Grapevine generally develops due to various reasons. One of them is that when an
organization is facing recession, the employees sense uncertainty. Also, at times employees
do not have self-confidence due to which they form unions. Sometimes the managers show
preferential treatment and favour some employees giving a segregated feeling to other
employees. Thus, when employees sense a need to exchange their views, they go for
grapevine network as they cannot use the formal channel of communication in that case.
Generally during breaks in cafeteria,the subordinates talk about their superior’s attitude and
behaviour and exchange views with their peers. They discuss rumours about promotion and
transfer of other employees. Thus, grapevine spreads like fire and it is not easy to trace the
cause of such communication at times.
Examples of Grapevine Network of Communication
1. Suppose the profit amount of a company is known. Rumour is spread that this much profit is
there and on that basis bonus is declared.
2. CEO may be in relation to the Production Manager. They may have friendly relations with
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each other.
Pros and Cons of Grapevine Communication
Advantages of Grapevine Communication
1. Grapevine channels carry information rapidly. As soon as an employee gets to know some
confidential information, he becomes inquisitive and passes the details then to his closest
friend who in turn passes it to other. Thus, it spreads hastily.
2. The managers get to know the reactions of their subordinates on their policies. Thus, the
feedback obtained is quick compared to formal channel of communication.
3. The grapevine creates a sense of unity among the employees who share and discuss their
views with each other. Thus, grapevine helps in developing group cohesiveness.
4. The grapevine serves as an emotional supportive value.
5. The grapevine is a supplement in those cases where formal communication does not work.
Disadvantages of Grapevine Communication
1. The grapevine carries partial information at times as it is more based on rumours. Thus, it
does not clearly depicts the complete state of affairs.
2. The grapevine is not trustworthy always as it does not follows official path of
communication and is spread more by gossips and unconfirmed report.
3. The productivity of employees may be hampered as they spend more time talking rather
than working.
6. 4. The grapevine leads to making hostility against the executives.
5. The grapevine may hamper the goodwill of the organization as it may carry false negative
information about the high level people of the organization.
A smart manager should take care of all the disadvantages of the grapevine and try to
minimize them. At the same time, he should make best possible use of advantages of
grapevine.
Reference: Management Study Guide: Free Training for students and Entrepreneurs.
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