Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
Aphelion and Perihelion
Four Seasons
Seasonal Changes
Solstice and Equinoxes
Standard Time Zones
Land of the Midnight Sun
Class 7th science chapter 8. Winds, Storms and CyclonesSwayam Khobragade
This ppt file is converted into pdf so if u want to use it you may download it and convert it into ppt so u can use it for expaining the concepts of this chapter...... This ppt contains only the information given in the textbook.. This ppt also have the keywords,exercises and other basic knowledge....
Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
Aphelion and Perihelion
Four Seasons
Seasonal Changes
Solstice and Equinoxes
Standard Time Zones
Land of the Midnight Sun
Class 7th science chapter 8. Winds, Storms and CyclonesSwayam Khobragade
This ppt file is converted into pdf so if u want to use it you may download it and convert it into ppt so u can use it for expaining the concepts of this chapter...... This ppt contains only the information given in the textbook.. This ppt also have the keywords,exercises and other basic knowledge....
National Conference organized by ICAI - Cell Tower Radiation HazardsNeha Kumar
National Conference on Co-Operative Societies, Trusts, Organized by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India in Mumbai on August 3, 2013, Mumbai.
Ms. Neha Kumar gave a lecture on Cell phone/tower radiation hazards followed by interaction with Prof. Girish Kumar and Neha Kumar with more than 400 CAs from various parts of the country. Neha's presentation and first issue of Prof. Girish Kumar's Newsletter on Cell Tower Radiation Hazards are included in their proceedings
Presentation and first issue of Newsletter on Cell Tower Radiation are included in their proceedings Pg 48-70
Proceedings available at: http://cconpo.icai.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Background-Material-for-National-Conference-on-Co-Operative-Societies-Trusts-Redevelopment-of-Properties-Legal-and-taxation-Aspects-held-on-3rd-4th-August-2013.pdf
Event Schedule:
http://cconpo.icai.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/National-Conference-on-Co-Operative-Societies-Trustrs-Redevelopment-of-Properties-Legal-and-Taxation-Aspects-on-3rd-4th-August-2013-at-Mumbai2.pdf
Pictures available at: http://neha-wilcom.blogspot.in/2013/09/national-conference-organized-by.html
Harmful effects of mobile phone and mobile tower radiation - Avishkar Magazin...Neha Kumar
Harmful effects of cell phone and cell tower radiation - Avishkar Magazine ( Hindi ), July 2014
by Prof. Girish Kumar and Dr. D.D. Ojha
The harmful effects of cell phone and tower radiation are highlighted along with effect on environment and suggestions to take corrective measures
Better Radiation Norms for Cell Phones/Cell Towers - Prof. Girish Kumar , IIT Bombay
Presentation at Bombay Telephone User’s Association ( BTUA ), Mumbai on Jan 2010 - Consumer Awareness and Radiation Health Hazards from cell phones and mobile towers - Myth or Reality
The Indian government has adopted the ICNIRP guidlenes for cell tower radiation exposure which are the worst in the world. Several health effects have been reported much below these ICNIRP guidelines.
The ICNIRP state that these guidelines are only for short term exposure and considers only thermal effects and does not take account non thermal effects which are more harmful and occurs much below thermal effects. According to our calculations the ICNIRP guidleines implies that a human body can be safely kept in a microwave oven for 1166 secs = 19 minutes per day!! (see presentation for calculations)
In USA, max. SAR limit for cell phones is 1.6W/Kg which is for 6 minutes. It has a safety margin of 3 to 4, so a person should not use cell phone for more than 18 to 24 minutes per day. This information is not commonly given to users.
In Usha Kiran Building, Worli four cancer cases were reported until now from cell phone towers on the opposite building at about 50 meter. However, in the event one of the residents mentioned that the number of cancer cases had risen to six now and these cases were reported on the 5th, 6th (2 cases), 7th, 8th and 10th floor, all these houses are in direct line of sight from the tower installed on the opposite building on the 7th Floor.
Besides human health, electromagnetic radiation has also effected the environment, birds, animals, plants and fruit production.
Other countries based on the cases reported and their studies have adopted much lower radiation norms to protect their citizens.
All this calls for immediate need to adopt strict and lower radiation norms.
In the end, some suggestions have been given which can be adopted as possible solutions to minimize the risk of EMF radiation from cell towers.
IIT professor builds device to reduce risk of radiationNeha Kumar
DNA - Tuesday, February 9, 2010
How to shield your building from the harmful affects of radiation? Ask Girish Kumar, the IIT Bombay professor, who has invented a shield that can be installed in concrete structures to block radiation.
Cell Tower Radiation Danger and Solutions Proposed to Government - Prof. Giri...Neha Kumar
Mobile Tower Radiation Hazards and Solutions Proposed to Government. Following presentation was made to Shri Milind Deora, honorable Minister of State for IT and Communication and DOT (Department of Telecommunications) India
Prof. Girish Kumar from IIT Bombay has written down some simple solutions to reduce radiation hazard from cell phones.
Step 1 - Convince the operators to reduce the transmitted power from current 20W/carrier to max. 1 to 2 W especially in the dense urban area.
It is very simple to implement - all they have to do is to remove the power amplifier or reduce the gain of the amplifier.
Lots of other benefits of reducing the power - cooling of the amplifier will not be required, then it may not require Air conditioner. Total power requirement will be reduced, so Diesel Generator is not required and solar panel can meet this requirement. Operators can claim carbon
credit and it truely leads to Green Telecom. You can see the attached TRAI-Green-Telecom-openho use-GKreport.pdf
Disadvantage of reducing the power - range will reduce. So people living at larger distance may have signal problem initially.
Operators have to install more number of towers or they can provide low power repeaters/boosters/signal enhancers, which will cost them more money.
Step 2 - Radiation measurements have to be done at residences, offices,schools, hospitals. If the power density level is still high (i.e,more than 0.1 to 1 milliwatts/sq.m after reduction of the transmitted power, then either towers have to be relocated or height of the towers has to be increased or direction of the antenna has to be hanged. Again, any of these steps will require additional investment.
People have to decide
1. Health versus wealth.
2. Good cell phone connectivity at the expense of health of people living near cell tower or somewhat poor connectivity for the people living at larger distance from the tower.
Radiation pattern of a cell tower antennaNeha Kumar
Radiation Pattern from the cell tower Antenna has been drawn for basic understanding of a radiation pattern.
Page1:
This diagram was mainly used to describe why on a certain building the radiation levels vary from one apartment(say 7th floor) to the apartment above or below (6th and 8th floor) in a building at Khar (West), Mumbai.
The radiation pattern of a cell tower antenna is defined by its lobes. Radiation will be highest from the primary lobes in the horizontal direction. There is also radiation from secondary lobes.As seen in the figure, the readings that will be taken in between the lobes will be much lesser.
As seen the figure, the radiation will also be high vertically downward from the secondary lobes. This is what most mobile operaters hide or are not aware of in India.
Page 2:
Distance is another critical factor. The power density varies by (1/R2), where is R is the distance. People living within 50-300meter radiaus are in the high radiation zone. This data has been taken from a another country outside India. In the US for example, residential areas generally have amplifiers of 1-2 W. However in India, in many places even 100 to 200W of amplifiers are used and their are clusters of antennas from multiple operators on the roof top of several residential and office premises.
Page 3:
Simulated radiation pattern of a cell tower antenna from Prof. Girish kumar, IIT Bombay.
Page 4:
USHA KIRAN BUILDING - several cancer cases
Through the help of the above typical radiation pattern, let’s analyze the news reported in Mid-day, Mumbai dated Jan. 3, 2010, which stated - “Mumbai's swanky Usha Kiran building says the four cancer cases there could be linked to mobile towers installed on the facing Vijay Apartments”. The picture taken from the Usha Kiran building of the several antennas installed on the seventh floor of Vijay Apartments is shown in Fig. pn Page 4. People living in the 6th, 7th and 8th floor in the opposite building will get maximum radiation as they are in the main beam direction. People living on the other floors will receive lesser radiation as beam maxima is reduced considerably as can be observed from vertical radiation pattern. In the horizontal direction again, people living in the front side of the antenna will receive much higher radiation compared to people living in the back side of antenna.
http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/jan...
Recently (as on Jan 2011) two more cancer cases have been reported on the 5th and on the 10th floor.
Gujarat High Court judgment on Reliance Jio 4G towerFlame Of Truth
Gujarat high court on Friday directed the state government and the Centre to create public awareness that they have no reason to fear the emission of radio active waves from mobile tower. The HC ordered so with observation that the use of the mobile phone, AM Radio, FM Radio etc. is more harmful to the human beings compared to the power emission from the Base Transceiver Stations and that of mobile towers...
Introduction to Plate tectonics and its consequences.pptxgobindadiu
This slide introduces the basic concept of tectonic movement. It is mainly focused on, causes of plate movement, rate of movement, consequences of movement, and some natural phenomena related to tectonic movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. It refers to all the changes that the
Earth has had through time. The
Earth has had significant changes
that have changed the appearance of
the Earth as we know it today.
There are many factors which are
involved in the transformation of the
Earth’s appearance one of them is
the movement of the plates.
4. • Plates: it is a scientific theory that
describes the large scale motions of the
earth's lithosphere.
• Layers: the internal structure of the
Earth, like an onion.
• Magma: the mixture of molten rock or
semi molten rock which is founded
beneath the surface of the Earth.
• Crustal Rock: it is the magma when it is
harden.
5. When the molten layer moves around with very slow
movements, plates move around too. When plates move around a
rock liquid called Magma rises and plugs the gapes, when it is
harden it is called crustal rock.
7. Plates Movements
Plates move around and push one beneath the other. They
move sideways too in an average of 2 to 3 inches and 4 to 7
cm in a year. Over million of years it means a significant
change in the Earth’s appearance.
8. Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener (Nov. 1, 1880 – Nov. 1930)Abraham Ortels (14 April 1527 – 28 June 1598)
In the early 1900s, they suggested the idea of continental drift. It was only
confirmed until 1960 when some scientists continued with the study of the
soils.
9. Pangaea
It is an hypothetical theory of a supercontinent where all
the landmasses were together. Over 200 million of years
ago all the continents were together in just one and it
was surrounded by one Ocean.
10. Continental Drift
Around 130 million of years the Earth started to break up.
Over 60 million of years ago Pacific Ocean appeared and
India was moved toward Asia. Finally the Earth took the
form as we know it today.
11. Fossils Continental Drift
The fossils that were found in different continents support the
idea of continental drift because it was not possible that they
have swum across the ocean.
12. Future Continental Drift
“Aim at heaven and you will get earth thrown in. Aim at
earth and you get neither.”
C. S. Lewis
Plates are still moving, after many years the Earth’s appearance
will be different.
13. Vocabulary
• Squeeze: v. /skwiːz/
to grip or press firmly.
• Drift: v. /drɪft/ to move
aimlessly from place to
place or from one activity
to another.
14. • Crack: v. /kræk/ to
break or cause to break
without complete
separation of the parts.
• Plug: v. /plʌɡ/ To fill (a
hole) tightly with or as if
with a plug
15. • Ridge: n. /rɪdʒ/ a long
narrow raised land
formation with sloping
sides esp. one formed by
the meeting of two faces
of a mountain.
Taken from:
WordReference.com Thanks
