The document discusses various instructional strategies and content types for effective teaching, exploring the importance of matching content with the right strategies. It presents a narrative involving characters solving a case related to instructional design, emphasizing the definitions and applications of declarative, conceptual, and procedural content. Additionally, it provides insights into hands-on techniques such as storytelling, metaphors, and problem-solving approaches in a learning environment.

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By Karl M. Kapp
Bloomsburg University
Author of Gamification of Learning & Instruction and Fieldbook
Gamification of Learning Lynda.com course
Download Slides & Notes at: www.karlkapp.com/kapp-notes
Matching the Right
Content to the Right
Instructional Strategy

2. For:
Notes/Slides
Additional Ideas
www.karlkapp.com
www.karlkapp.com/kapp-notes

3. Design Takeaway Challenge

4. Karl M. Kapp
Presents:

6. It wasn’t a good day for Larry the Learner….

7. Apparently, he just
died of boredom.

8. And the Press was having field day….

9. It wasn’t a good day for me either…I had to
find out how this happened.

10. And it’s not a good day for you...
You’ve got to help me
solve this case.

11. Stakes are high……

12. Type of
Content Appropriate
Strategy
Definition
First, get a pen and paper
and draw something like this.
You do have a pen and
paper? Right?
Tell-Tale
Verbs

13. Text KarlKapp to 37607
Next, take out your text
machines.
All One Word “karlkapp”

14. Next you need to choose your disguise…

15. Now let’s search Larry’s office for clues…

16. Today:
Learn how to create
a winning proposal.

17. Let’s take a look at what’s on Larry’s computer….

18. Ok so for what type of
knowledge is a
matching game most
appropriate?
Today:
Learn how to create
a winning proposal.
RFP
Terms
Winning
Phrases
Capture
Strategy
RFP
Sections
Writing
Facts
Bad
Example

19. Ok so for what type of
knowledge is a
matching game most
appropriate?
Today:
Learn how to create
a winning proposal.
RFP
Terms
Winning
Phrases
Capture
Strategy
RFP
Sections
Writing
Facts
Bad
Example
It looks like Larry was
playing some type of
Jeopardy-Game when
the incident occurred.
So…for what type of
content is a Jeopardy-
type game the most
appropriate strategy?

20. Hmm, I think we need
to learn more about
instructional
strategies, I know just
who to ask.
We need to visit one of
the toughest L&D folks
I know. The Learning
Lady.

21. Let’s get going to her favorite
hangout.

22. On her lunch hour she hangs at a place
called “The Dinner”

23. Yeah, she was a former school teacher. As
wicked with the red pen as they come.
Oh, no I
don’t.
It’s not “The Dinner.” It’s “The
Diner.”

24. So tell me about
instructional strategys.
…strategys No!
…strategies Yes!

25. First, let me tell you about the
most basic type of content known
to humankind.

26. “Declarative.” It’s Factual
information that can only be learned
through memorization.

27. Type of
Content
Appropriate
Strategy
Definition Tell-Tale
Verbs
Let’s take some
notes on that.

28. Type of
Content
Appropriate
Strategy
Definition Tell-Tale
Verbs
Declarative
Information that can
only be learned by
memorization

29. Ok, question for you and
your detectives.

30. Got, it. So what strategies
would be good for teaching
facts?

31. She started to rattle off the information.
Mnemonics
As an example, Roy G. Biv
HOMES
PASS
ADDIE

32. Elaboration
Storytelling
Learners remember facts
better in stories than in
bulleted lists.

33. Association
Diagrams
Tables
Matching Activities…like
a Jeopardy-type game.

34. Ah, good but how do I know if
the clue is pointing toward
“Declarative Content”?

35. Look for the following verbs
in the learning objectives.
Identify
Recognize
Recall
Good, let’s recap
what we know so far
detectives.

36. Type of
Knowledge
Appropriate
Strategy
Definition Tell-Tale
Verbs
Declarative
Information that can
only be learned
through memorization
-Mnemonics
-Diagrams
-Elaboration
Association
-Identify
-Recogniz
e
-Recall

37. I can’t give you any more
information. I have to go. To
learn more, you must talk to…
Our conversation was over. She had to go.
“The King Pin.”

38. It was a short trip to The King Pin’s Office.

39. He appeared to be expecting me….
I was expecting you.I got a text you were coming.

40. Hello King Pin.
Call me Bob.
Hi, ya Bob.

41. I need to know about
instructional
strategies.
I only know about
Conceptual Content.
Start talk’n Bob.
Actually, I think I’d like
you to call me King Pin.

42. Conceptual Content is the
grouping of ideas or
objects having common
attributes.

43. Let me ask you a
question detectives...

44. There are two types of
concepts—Concrete
Concepts and Abstract
Concepts.

45. I’m listening.
Concrete concepts
are things you can
touch, like a table
or a chair.Abstract concepts are
things you can’t touch like
customer service or
compliance.

46. How does one teach
concepts?

47. Examples and non-examples
of the concept.
Take the concept of a
chair…what are the
attributes of a chair?

48. seat, legs, back, arm rest,
cushion, what it's made of,
sit on it on, meant or
designed to sit on,

49. What else you got?

50. Metaphors
Being in compliance is as
easy as following a recipe.
A metaphor transfers the sense or
associations of one word or idea to
another.
The ADDIE Model is a road map.
Creating engaging instruction is
like writing a mystery novel.

51. Anything else you want
to tell me?

52. Two words.

53. Instructional
Strategies
Declarative
Content
-Mnemonics
-Elaboration
-Association
-Identify
-Recognize
-Recall
Problem Solving
-Review Examples
-Question Protocol
-Learning
Documentary
-Construct
-Create
-Design
Conceptual
-Metaphors
-Examples, Non
-Concept Map Verbs
-Classify
-Discriminate
-Compare
Procedural
-Conceptual
Understanding
-Big Picture
–Why
-Verify
-Perform
-Follow
Concept Map.

54. Alright, detectives did
you get those verbs?
The one’s in red!!

55. Instructional
Strategies
Declarative
Content
-Mnemonics
-Elaboration
-Association
-Identify
-Recognize
-Recall
Problem Solving
-Review Examples
-Question Protocol
-Learning
Documentary
-Construct
-Create
-Design
Conceptual
-Metaphors
-Examples, Non
-Concept Map Verbs
-Classify
-Discriminate
-Compare
Procedural
-Conceptual
Understanding
-Big Picture
–Why
-Verify
-Perform
-Follow

56. Type of
Content
Appropriate
Strategy
Definition Tell-Tale
Verbs
Declarative
Information that can
only be learned
through memorization
-Mnemonics
-Elaboration
-Association
-Identify
-Recognize
-Recall
Conceptual Grouping of ideas,
objects having
common attributes. 2
abstract & concrete
-Classify
-Discriminate
-Compare
-Example, non-
example
-Methaphor
-Concept map

57. Twittermission
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& Additional Ideas
www.karlkapp.com/kapp-notes

58. Now we need to find Ivan…the Informant...

59. I knew one of his old hangouts...

60. He was about as friendly as a ghost on
Halloween with no one to haunt.
Hello, again clueless…

61. Look I am going to ask you a question
about Procedural Content.
He was about as friendly as a ghost on
Halloween with no one to haunt.

62. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Procedural Content is step-by-step
instructions for performing a task.

63. He grabbed his typewriter and made some
notes to explain about Procedural Content.

64. Strategy One: Part-to-Whole
De-construct the procedure, teach the
individual parts and then have the
learners put it back together again.

66. Strategy Three:
Why?
Teach the “Why”
behind a process
or a procedure to
provide the
context for
troubleshooting
and for
understanding the
steps.

67. Procedures are a bunch of “strung-together”
concepts.If the learner is having problems with the
procedure, it might be they don’t understand the
underlying concepts.

68. Riddle me this…which verbs do you think are
indicators of Procedural Content?

69. How is your chart
looking detectives?
We must be getting
close.

70. Type of
Content
Appropriate
Strategy
Definition Tell-Tale
Verbs
Conceptual Grouping of ideas,
objects having
common attributes.
Abstract & Concrete
-Metaphors
-Examples, Non
-Concept Map
-Classify
-Discriminate
-Compare
Declarative
Information that can
only be learned
through memorization
-Mnemonics
-Elaboration
-Association
-Identify
-Recognize
-Recall
Procedural Step-by-step
instructions for
performing a task.
Part to whole
Kobayashi Maru
Teach the Why
Verify
Perform
follow

71. Before you and your loser friends
…go, here is a pack of matches.
You might want to start a fire.
Or, it might be a clue.

72. I arrived at the place on the matchbook, as
shady as a pine grove at Midnight…

73. Suddenly “Boss Lady” pulled up in her fancy car.

74. She threw me a folder…

76. Then she zoomed off into the cityscape…

77. Let’s see what’s inside.

78. We need more information from Boss
Lady…let’s go.

79. This was it, she was going to tell me about the
final content level and instructional strategies.
Have a seat.

80. There is no chair.

81. Ok, look…here are three ways to teach problem
solving….

82. Experts are different from novice learners
because an expert can apply knowledge
learned from multiple experiences and adapt
it to a new experience.
First let me tell you this.

83. So give learners:
- Multiple, Realistic Scenarios (case studies)
- Problem-based Learning Experiences
- Third-Person“Thinkers”

84. Ok so for what type of
knowledge is a
matching game most
appropriate?
She turned on her computer to show me an
example…

86. Also experts solve problems by asking
themselves different questions than novices.
Provide a list of prompts or questions to
help trigger thoughts and question sets.
There is a list of questions in the folder
I gave you. Did you even look? Ugh.

88. Create a learning documentary of
how to do a job, how decisions are
made, how dots are connected.
Then she turned on the oldest TV I’d ever
seen…to some Reality TV show…What was this?
Appointment Television?
Show learners how experts think
through problems and solve them.
It’s a “think aloud.”

89. Great stuff, how about the
verbs for problem solving.
Again…in the folder…again
ugh.

90. Let’s see if we know some of the verbs
before we check the folder.
Question
Create
Outline
Resolve
Explore
Design
Construct

93. Type of
Content
Appropriate
Strategy
Definition Tell-Tale
Verbs
Problem
Solving
Previously un-
encountered situation
Requires application
of previously learned
content.
-Multiple Examples
-Question Protocol
-Learning
Documentary
-Construct
-Create
-Design
Conceptual Grouping of ideas,
objects having
common attributes.
-Metaphors
-Examples, Non
-Concept Map
-Classify
-Discriminate
-Compare
Declarative
Information that can
only be learned
through memorization
-Mnemonics
-Elaboration
-Association
-Identify
-Recognize
-Recall
Procedural Step-by-step
instructions for
performing a task.
-Part-to-Whole
-Kobayashi Maru
–Why?
-Verify
-Perform
-Follow
Let’s complete
our chart.
Least
Valuable
Most
Valuable
Looks like the
Learning Lady was
here.

94. Alright, detectives let’s
close the case.
Now try those two clues
again.

95. Today:
Learn how to create
a winning proposal.
Here was the original clue….

96. Ok so for what type of
knowledge is a
matching game most
appropriate?
Today:
Learn how to create
a winning proposal.
RFP
Terms
Winning
Phrases
Capture
Strategy
RFP
Sections
Writing
Facts
Bad
Example
Larry was playing some
type of Jeopardy-Game
–-a matching game. It
was the wrong strategy.
Here was the other clue….

97. This case is closed, I’m ready to go home.

98. Text LEAVE to 37607

99. It was starting to look like the case wouldn’t
end so easily….
Wait. This case is not
going to end so easily.
Did you see this
afternoon’s paper?

101. I guess we should
have checked for a
pulse.
Find out what instructional
strategy woke Larry. Rumor
has it…it is not one that you
uncovered today.

102. I’ll conduct an
investigation
alright.

103. But now…I’m out of time. We’ll solve that case in a
future presentation.

104. Have a good afternoon.
See you in Cyberspace.

105. The End

106. Credits:
Detective Artwork Courtesy of Vanessa Bailey
Typewriter is Clip Art
Audience Response by Poll Everywhere

107. Questions?

108. Now for the Takeaway
Challenge
Storytelling, metaphor,
examples, third-person
thinker, took on a persona,
part-to whole, multiple spirals
of interaction, gaming and
competition, case study,
impossible case at the end--
meaning what woke him up?

109. Now for the Takeaway
Challenge
1) Story/Characters
2) Polling/Audience Input
3) Winners/Teams
4) Mystery/Curiosity
5) Blend story/instruction
6) Suprise
7) Humor
8) Tangible Takeaway(notes)

110. Oh, which team won?

111. Thank you and
Remember For:
Notes/Slides
Additional Ideas
www.karlkapp.com
www.karlkapp.com/kapp-notes