WoMaster's White Paper introduces a new sophisticated approach to Smart City System integration. Integrating wireless, Ethernet networks, and sensor network has never been easier with new industrial IP67 Smart City Box. The new communication system provides a complex solution for video surveillance in smart cities, GPS, alarm systems, LoRa communication, video analysis, etc.

1. White Paper
The Ace
of
Smart City Construction
Ada Su / FAE Engineer

2. Table of Contents
1. Background.............................................................................................1
2. The Driving Force of Smart City Construction.....................................2
◆ Crime Prevention.................................................................................2
◆ Disaster Warning.................................................................................2
◆ City Services .......................................................................................2
3. Technology, Connectivity and IoT.........................................................2
◆ LoRa (Long Range).............................................................................3
◆ LoRa vs. LoRaWAN ............................................................................4
◆ LoRa Advantage..................................................................................5
◆ NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) ............................................5
◆ NB-IoT Advantage ...............................................................................6
◆ LoRa vs. NB-IoT..................................................................................6
4. Video Surveillance and Video Analysis ................................................8
5. Management and Control.......................................................................8
◆ Alarm System......................................................................................8
◆ Global Positioning System (GPS)........................................................8
◆ File Management Program..................................................................8
◆ Video Dispatch ....................................................................................9
6. Cloud Technology...................................................................................9
7. Conclusion ............................................................................................10

3. 1
1. Background
A smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data
collection sensors to supply information which is used to manage assets and
resources efficiently. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, and
assets that are processed and analyzed to monitor and manage traffic and
transportation systems, power plants, water supply networks, waste
management, law enforcement, information systems, schools, libraries,
hospitals, and other community services.
Bill Gates who is the founder of Microsoft announced on November 13,
2017 that he will buy 25,000 acres of land in the Arizona desert of the United
States and create a smart city from scratch. This shows that intelligence Smart
City has become the future trend. However, how each smart component can
be connected in series is a huge challenge for IT system integrators.
The construction of a smart city must conform to the principle of "intensive,
green, intelligent and low-carbon" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jin-Ping.
The wisdom system as a "binder" will be intensive, low carbon, green,
humanities and other new ideas into the entire process of urbanization. The
biggest challenge in smart city construction is connecting each isolated piece
of information. Through information sharing, it can increase the symbiosis
system to eliminate the "isolated islands of information" and the barriers to
benefits.

4. 2
2. The Driving Force of Smart City Construction
 Crime Prevention
Crime prevention is an important driver of building a smart city. It helps to
protect urban residents from crime and improves overall well-being. As
criminals and terrorists continue to change their methods, city
administrator needs new technologies and innovative solutions to improve
city security.
 Disaster Warning
With the communication technologies, a smart city can achieve early
warnings and facilitate the development of clear action plans in the event
of natural disasters, saving lives and reducing economic losses.
 City Services
City services are also one of the drivers of smart cities. Through big data
technology, to analyze the public safety information that collected by
various IoT (Internet of Things) sensors, improves the urban residents‟
security awareness capabilities, and promotes economic growth and
creates more job opportunities.
3. Technology, Connectivity and IoT
Technology and connectivity are the cores of smart cities. From the broad
perspectives of protection, security, and operations, smart cities are a
collection of related technologies, and it requires the collaboration of various
government departments, companies, and even citizens.
IoT is very important for smart cities. IoT integrates various types of
sensor systems, providing them with ubiquitous network connectivity and
enabling low-cost processing of large amounts of data. The main structure of
IoT has three layers: the Sensing layer, the Network layer, and the Application
layer.

5. 3
(1) Sensing Layer: using RFID, sensors to get information of objects.
(2) Network Layer: through the integration of various telecommunications
networks and the Internet, the information of objects is accurately
transmitted in real time.
(3) Application Layer: the information got from sensor layer is processed to
achieve practical applications such as intelligent identification, positioning,
tracking, monitoring, and management.
LoRa and NB-IoT are the most promising IoT communication technologies
of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). The LPWAN can realize low
bandwidth, low power consumption, long distance, and large number of
connections. LPWAN can be divided into unlicensed and licensed spectrums.
LoRa works on unlicensed spectrum, and NB-IoT works on licensed spectrum.
However, what are their specific differences in smart city applications?
 LoRa (Long Range)
A long distance wireless transmission scheme based on spread spectrum
technology adopted and promoted by Semtech Corporation of the United
States. The LoRa network is mainly composed of end device (with a
built-in LoRa module), gateway (or base station), server, and cloud. The
application data can be transmitted in both directions.

6. 4
The formation of LoRa's network is as the following figure. A remote node
can connect to a back-end network server through multiple gateways and
upload the data to the cloud or server. In a LoRa network, each node does
not connect to each other. It must connect to the gateway before it can
connect back to the central host, or it can send data to another node
through the central host. The message of the end node can be transmitted
to multiple gateways at the same time, and the message can also be
bridged by the gateway to further extend the transmission distance.
Picture Source: SEMTECH Corp.
 LoRa vs. LoRaWAN
LoRa is a wireless modulation mechanism that can produce long-distance
communication paths. Many wireless communication technologies use
FSK as a physical layer because this is an effective way to achieve low
power consumption. LoRa is based on chirp spread spectrum modulation,
which can not only achieve low power consumption similar to FSK, but
also increase communication distance more effectively.
LoRaWAN is used to define the communication protocol and system
architecture of the network. It is a low-power wide area network standard
introduced by the LoRa Alliance, which can effectively achieve long-range
communication at the LoRa physical layer. It has a profound effect on the
end node's battery lifetime, network capacity, service quality, security, and
suitable application scenarios. In short, LoRaWAN is actually a network
(WAN = Wide Area Network).

7. 5
 LoRa Advantage
As shown in below figure, LoRa has the advantages of long distance, low
power consumption, and low cost. The range of transmission distance of
LoRa is as long as 15 to 20 kilometers; low power consumption features
extend the battery lifetime; the unlicensed band, infrastructure, and end
node devices cost are also low. These features have greatly reduced the
cost of using LoRa.
Picture Source: LoRa® Alliance
 NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things)
A technical standard defined by the 3GPP standardization organization. It
is a narrowband radio frequency technology that designed for the Internet
of Things. NB-IoT focuses specifically on indoor coverage, low cost, long
battery lifetime, and enabling a large number of connected devices. The
NB-IoT technology is deployed “in-band” in spectrum allocated to Long
Term Evolution (LTE), using resource blocks within a normal LTE carrier
(or in the unused resource blocks within an LTE carrier‟s guard-band) or
“standalone” for deployments in dedicated spectrum. It is also suitable for
the re-farming of GSM spectrum.
Picture Source: Ericssion Website

8. 6
 NB-IoT Advantage
(1) Low power consumption
Almost all IoT technologies are extremely power-efficient when they
are not working; a small amount of power is required when the
modem needs signal processing after it is started. In addition, NB-IoT
does not need to run on Linux or handle many signal instructions,
which makes it more power-efficient.
(2) Lower cost of NB-IoT components
NB-IoT will be cheaper due to the simpler manufacturing process. A
200kHz NB-IoT front-end processor and digitizer is much simpler
than the 1.4MHz LTE module. As more wafer manufacturers tend to
support both, a smooth transition should be achieved in the future.
(3) Widely deployment
NB-IoT can be deployed more widely because the frequency is lower.
The lower frequency will have better connection quality.
 LoRa vs. NB-IoT
The biggest difference between LoRa and NB-IoT is the frequency band,
service quality and cost. Simply put, LoRa works in unlicensed bands
below 1 GHz, so there is no extra charge for applications. NB-IoT use
licensed bands below 1 GHz, but guarantee service quality.
A complete smart city must provide the following features:
 Comprehensive information gathering to prevent security threats
Information helps prevent specific threats or situations. Information
gathering is the most difficult part of a smart city. In the information
gathering phase, big data can be used to analyze the data collected by
various types of IoT sensors in the smart city system.
The IoT sensors, including video surveillance cameras, audio and video
analysis equipment, weather sensors, moisture sensor, PM2.5 sensor,
and temperature sensor, will actively collect various kinds of information
and automatically report to the big data analysis platform. For example,
video-based identification technologies such as face and license plates
will help police to identify suspicious individuals and vehicles and play an
important role in the detection of cases.

9. 7
In addition, the cloud architecture can provide powerful processing
capabilities for big data analysis, IoT, and related necessary applications.
Therefore, the ability to collect, analyze, and integrate information based
on these technologies makes the city security on early warning and
prevention more efficient and accurate.
 Real-time emergency response to improve the collaboration ability
among departments
When an emergency event happened, the city administrator must quickly
and accurately identify the security threats and make quick decisions to
prevent the situation from worsening. However, the security incidents are
often very complex and require multiple departments to work together.
In order to improve the collaboration capabilities of multiple departments,
the audio, video, GPS, and information data sharing systems has been
integrated to a unified cloud platform, for achieving full integration of video
surveillance, conferencing, and LTE technologies.
Through this cloud platform, a comprehensive general operational
situation map can be presented for relevant departments, which greatly
improve the user‟s situational awareness ability, provide a basis for fast
decision-making for the city administrator, and improve the real-time
emergency response efficiency of various departments in the city.
 Quickly find clues, pinpoint and analyze
After the event, the city administrator must quickly investigate and analyze
the data collected by the IoT sensors to find out the root cause of the
event. Big Data is another powerful investigation tool that can analyze the
data associations of different sensors, identify key features, and help you
discover the root cause.
Cloud technology provides optional infrastructure and necessary
processing power for video analytics and big data applications. In addition,
the cloud technology also provides solutions for video storage problems.
Especially for portable cameras that are not suitable for traditional storage
solutions, cloud technology solves their storage problems. Another benefit
of the cloud network is that it supports a larger number of users and
effectively saves time for subsequent investigations.

10. 8
4. Video Surveillance and Video Analysis
Smart cities effectively protect public places in cities such as parks,
streets, parking lots and other public areas by covering video surveillance
cameras. The video screen provides key evidence for various types of security
events, such as terrorist attacks, petty theft, illegal graffiti, or shoplifting. Video
surveillance is also an integral part of urban emergency solutions, providing
on-site video information to police and government agencies to assist in
real-time decision-making.
Due to the advancement and development of technology, video analytics
has been able to reliably track people, identify targets, and mitigate the effects
of variable weather. In addition, combining audio analysis with social media
analysis techniques can help making smarter decisions.
5. Management and Control
The management and control center system is the heart of a smart city. It
integrates the following technologies:
 Alarm System
The first step in emergency response is to answer the alarm call. A good
alarm system should be able to provide a friendly user interface, easy
access to all types of information sources in order to provide an efficient
solution.
 Global Positioning System (GPS)
Uses different levels of geographic data to create a comprehensive map
system, and supports geographic information querying and decision
making. The GPS system aggregates data from various sources and
displays complex spatial information in a simple and easy-to-understand
manner, allowing users to easily organize, analyze, and view specific
data.
 File Management Program
The management center accurately records the historical events
generated from the historical alarm call, enabling the police to easily
obtain historical event information.

11. 9
 Video Dispatch
At the dispatch center, the operator uses the headset and microphone of
the management and control system to talk to one, a group, or all users.
Through the video dispatch, the on-site emergency team can send
real-time data back to the management center in a timely manner.
Providing reliable and high-quality audio and video communications for
the on-site emergency team is an essential capability for management
and control systems.
Integration is the most important thing for management and control
systems, and it is also the key point of future development. Through the
integration with all sensors and data sets, management and control solutions
can improve the operator's situational awareness and success rate of
emergency.
6. Cloud Technology
Under the cloud architecture, software, hardware, applications, and
storage can all be provided as services. The cloud network service has the
advantages of easy expansion, rapid adjustment, and minimal management,
and can dynamically meet increasing demands. Users can access the data
which stored on the cloud anywhere, anytime, and seamlessly share to any
authorized users.
More and more cities around the world have begun to use cloud
technologies in smart city projects, such as China, which use scalable,
affordable cloud technologies to replace traditional security systems. The
smart city uses video surveillance as a service solution and deploys hundreds
of cameras without any capital expenditures. Similarly, various types of IoT
sensors, such as weather sensors, moisture sensors, PM2.5 sensors,
temperature sensors, and GPS services will provide management and control
functions in the form of cloud services that benefit future city management
centers.

12. 10
7. Conclusion
Smart city has a growing demand to improve the security and
sustainability of urban spaces while reducing costs and resources
consumption. Civic resources are under pressure and crime is harder than
over to police authorities. However, the basis of smart cities is data,
connectivity, and interoperability, which in turn provides more efficient
emergency services and faster threat defense processes to improve urban
space and achieve public safety.
WoMaster„s Embedded Smart City Box - SCB1000/1200 series can easily
integrate new connected devices and services, and help city administrators
making the decisions more accurately and efficiently. Below are the key
features of this product:
 Full system integration with IP67 enclosure for outdoor applications
Smart city surveillance/IOT solution requires being installed in outdoor
environments, such as street light, traffic light, or wall/roof in the field. With
the IP67 waterproof box, it can be easily installed outdoors, avoiding the
equipment failure caused by wind and rain.
 Support UPoE and PoE+, and PoE scheduling
In the outdoor environment, sometimes the power supply is not so easy to
find. The SCB1000/1200 supports four ultra-high-power PoE ports, which
can supply power to the PoE cameras and remotely manage the cameras.
The scheduling function allows you for enabling and disabling of the
power delivery.
 Audio interface for connecting the Speaker and Microphone
Event trigger with audio speaker when SCB system is ready, Wi-Fi
connected, and PoE power delivered, saving the installation and
debugging time for engineer and administrator.
 G.8032 v1/v2 ERPS Ring Redundancy
SCB1000/1200 supports ERPSv2 Ring Redundancy, can connect with
other devices/switches in the Major Ring or Sub Ring for redundancy.
Less than 15ms fast failover time when failures occur in any nodes in any
rings.
 Support LTE & Wi-Fi connection
Laptop and Cell phone is able to connect to Wi-Fi (IEEE802.11ac) and
then through the LTE routing via SCB1000/1200 for surfing on internet.

13. 11
 Local RS232 interface and LoRa support for IoT devices
The SCB1000/1200 supports RS232 and LoRa and can connect to
various IoT devices such as PM2.5 sensors, moisture sensors,
temperature sensors. In addition, it can be monitored via cell phone or
laptop with SCB status, GPS, LTE Signal, PoE Temp., and external PM2.5
sensor for Industrial IoT applications.
 Option Solar charger
Since the SCB1000/1200 can be installed in various outdoor
environments such as street lights, traffic signs or on-site walls/roofs, it is
necessary to support different power inputs. The solar panels and
batteries can also provide power to IoT sensors when there is a problem
with the power supply.
 Applicable to the all monitoring of smart city
Apply to Nursing Home monitoring, Video Surveillance, City Services,
Pollution monitoring, Transportation monitoring, Traffic monitoring and
Parking monitoring applications.

14. 12
The Safety City and Bright Project in China are both important
components of smart city construction. With the successful launch of
WoMaster Smart City Box, system integrators can easily install SCB1000/1200
on roadside power towers, street lights and wall mount on the walls or roofs,
further reduce costs.
The SCB1000/1200 is fully complies with the eight-character guideline of
"Intensive, Green, Intelligent and Low-carbon", and will surely promote the
pace of new-type urbanization.
If you still want to know more, please contact us at help@womaster.eu.
About WoMaster
WoMaster Group is an international group based in Europe, with over 20
years of industrial market experience. We provide rugged products with
customer oriented support for critical applications such as railway, power and
utility, waste water, intelligent transportation and IP surveillance.
The WoMaster brand‟s name distinguishes our target markets as well as
symbolizes the nature sources which enforced us to become Master brand for
Industrial Data Communication Market.