The document summarizes the process of manufacturing a cotton bed sheet. It describes the key steps which include using 100% cotton fibers, ring spinning the fibers into yarn, weaving the yarn into fabric using a plain weave on an air jet loom, pre-treating the fabric through singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerizing, dyeing the fabric using stenter dyeing, printing the fabric using direct roller printing, and finishing the fabric through raising, calendaring, softening, and sanforizing. The final steps are cutting the bed sheet from the fabric rolls and hemming the sides.

1. Name: Ghalib Suri & Jawwad Ahmed
Discipline: B. Sc. Textile Science (1-B)
Course: TXT-175
Teacher: Ma’m Nirmal Malik
Assignment: Textile Product
Submission Date: 12-05-15

2. Textile Product
“Bed Sheet”

3. Stitching
Hemming Stitching
Finishing
Raising => Clandering => Softening => Sanforizing
Printing
Direct Printing - Roller Printing
Dyeing
Fabric Dyeing - Stenter Dyeing
Finishing (Pre-treatment)
Singeing => Desizing => Scouring => Bleaching => Mercerizing
Weaving
Plain Weave - Air Jet Loom
Spinning
Ring Spinning
Fiber Type
100% Cotton

4. The Fiber type which is used in our Product is
Cotton. Cotton is a natural fiber. It is cheap,
abundant, comfortable and skin-friendly. Cotton
is used to make a number of textile products.

6. Spinning is the process of Textile Manufacturing in
which Fibers are converted into Yarn by twisting
them together. A continuous system of Spinning in
which Twist is inserted into Yarn by rotating a
circular traveler is called Ring Spinning.
The Yarn loop rotating rapidly about a fixed axis
generates a surface referred as “Balloon”.

8. Weaving is a method of fabric production in
which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are
interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or
cloth. The Weaving in our product is “Plain
Weave” and the Machine used in Weaving of our
product is “Air-Jet Loom”. Air Jets are the fastest
traditional method of weaving in modern
manufacturing and they are able to achieve up to
1200 picks per minutes. An Air Jet loom uses
short quick bursts of compressed air to propel
the weft through the shed in order to complete
the weave.

10. Singeing Desizing Scouring Bleaching Mercerizing
 Singeing smoothens and evens the surface of the fabric. In Singeing the Fabric is
passed over flame to burn the short fibers on surface of the Fabric.
 Desizing removes the starch or any sizing material from the Fabric which were
added to it for the Weaving to give Strength.
 Scouring removes impurities from Fabric like dirt, wax, etc. and produce a
hydrophilic and clean cloth.
 Bleaching removes yellowness from Fabric and whitens it. The process of
decolorization of greige material into a suitable material for next processing is
called bleaching. Bleaching of textiles can be classified into oxidative bleaching and
reductive bleaching.
 Mercerizing swells the fibers of the fabric and Increases Absorbancy and Luster. The
material is immersed under tension in a cold sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)
solution in warp or skein form or in the piece, and is later neutralized in acid

11. Before
Scouring
,Desizing and
Bleaching
After
Scouring
,Desizing and
Bleaching
Singeing and Desizing Model

12. Our Product is Fabric dyed. Dyeing used in our
Product is Stenter Dyeing. The base or the
ground of the print of the Fabric is Dyed using
Stenter Dyeing in which colour pigment or dye is
added in solution to dye very light shade.

14. The type of Printing on our Product is “Direct Printing” and It is done
by “Roller Printing”. In Roller Printing a single colour is produced by
each cylinder and number of cylinders and colours make pattern or
design. Roller Printing also called engrave roller printing. It is a
modern continuous printing technique. In this method, a heavy
copper cylinder (roller) is engraved with the print design by carving
the design into the copper. Each roller imprints one repeat of the
design.

16. Raising Calendering Softening Sanforizing
 In Raising a comb like structure is brushed on Fabric which lifts
the short fibers and create softness in Fabric.
 In Calendering one or both sides of the Fabric are polished. By
passing fabric between two highly polished hot rollers.
 In Softening, Fabric is soften chemically.
 In Sanforizing the Fabric is stretched to align and fix its length and
width, It also controls the Shrinkage of the Fabric. It is a method
of stretching, shrinking and fixing the woven cloth in both length
and width before cutting and producing, to reduce the shrinkage
which would otherwise occur after washing.

17. Sanforizing Process
Calendaring Process Raising Process

18. The Bed Sheet is cut from the rolls of the Fabric. Then the
Hemming Stitch is done on the Fabric in which the sides of the
Fabric are fold and then sewed.