This document defines a text as a purposeful use of language that is produced for communication. A text is identified when it is recognized as intentionally referring to something for a communicative purpose, though the meaning may not be understood. Texts serve utilitarian purposes like providing information or instructions, or social purposes like expressing views. Spoken texts are ephemeral and jointly constructed, while written texts are unilateral productions that remain as a record. Both spoken and written texts make use of language paired with other modes of communication to convey intended meanings and serve pragmatic goals.