This document discusses various software testing techniques classified into static, dynamic, and exhaustive categories. Static techniques like verification and static analysis do not require executing the program. Dynamic techniques execute the program and are divided into structure-oriented techniques like control flow testing and function-oriented techniques like function coverage and use case testing. Exhaustive techniques aim to cover all possible test cases. The document provides examples and explanations of different testing methods.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
A presentation on software testing importance , types, and levels,...
This presentation contains videos, it may be unplayable on slideshare and need to download
For informative discussions on software testing please see. http://forum.360logica.com/
Please see description below
Software Testing and Quality Assurance Services
360logica is an independent software and application testing services company which provides wide range of testing solutions to our partners based on domain, technology and business solutions including software product testing, quality assurance of software, automation in testing, finance testing, mobile software and applications testing. 360logica offers full range of software testing which include Software Product Testing, Test Automation, Performance Test Engineering, Finance Application Testing, Healthcare App Testing and SaaS Product Testing. We work closely with our partners to tailor a program of support which meets their needs and ensures our systems achieve the quality levels demanded by our partners, especially in financial testing.
A brief that includes the following:
- Software Testing
- Quality Assurance
- Quality Control
- Types of Testing
- Levels of Software Testing
- Types of Performance Testing
- API
- Verification & Validation
- Test Plan & Testing Strategy
- Agile & Waterfall
- Software Development Life Cycle
- Career Path
Software testing is the process of evaluation a software item to detect differences between given input and expected output. Also to assess the feature of A software item. Testing assesses the quality of the product. Software testing is a process that should be done during the development process. In other words software testing is a verification and validation process.
Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects).
Software testing can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a computer program/application/product:
• meets the requirements that guided its design and development,
• works as expected,
• can be implemented with the same characteristics,
• and satisfies the needs of stakeholders.
Software Development Process Cycle:-
PLAN (P): Device a plan. Define your objective and determine the strategy and supporting methods required to achieve that objective.
DO (D): Execute the plan. Create the conditions and perform the necessary training to execute the plan.
CHECK (C): Check the results. Check to determine whether work is progressing according to the plan and whether the results are obtained.
ACTION (A): Take the necessary and appropriate action if checkup reveals that the work is not being performed according to plan or not as anticipated.
Different Software Testing Levels for Detecting ErrorsWaqas Tariq
Software testing is the process to uncover requirement, design and coding errors in the program. But software testing is not a “miracle” that can guaranteed the production of high quality software system, so to enhance the quality of a software and to do a testing in more unified way, the testing process could be abstracted to different levels and each level of testing aims to test different aspects of the system. In my paper, I have described different level of testing and these different levels attempted to detect different types of defects. The goal here is to test the system against requirement, and to test requirement themselves.
Software Testing Fundamentals | Basics Of Software TestingKostCare
Learn the fundamental techniques and approaches to software testing and enhanced comprehend what to test, how to test it, and in what contexts certain practices. Fundamentals of Software Testing offer an eye-opening view into this difficult task based on multiple sources of industry best practice.
Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object-Oriented Software, Test Strategies for WebApps, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging, Software Testing Fundamentals, White-Box Testing, Basis Path Testing,
Control Structure Testing
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
A presentation on software testing importance , types, and levels,...
This presentation contains videos, it may be unplayable on slideshare and need to download
For informative discussions on software testing please see. http://forum.360logica.com/
Please see description below
Software Testing and Quality Assurance Services
360logica is an independent software and application testing services company which provides wide range of testing solutions to our partners based on domain, technology and business solutions including software product testing, quality assurance of software, automation in testing, finance testing, mobile software and applications testing. 360logica offers full range of software testing which include Software Product Testing, Test Automation, Performance Test Engineering, Finance Application Testing, Healthcare App Testing and SaaS Product Testing. We work closely with our partners to tailor a program of support which meets their needs and ensures our systems achieve the quality levels demanded by our partners, especially in financial testing.
A brief that includes the following:
- Software Testing
- Quality Assurance
- Quality Control
- Types of Testing
- Levels of Software Testing
- Types of Performance Testing
- API
- Verification & Validation
- Test Plan & Testing Strategy
- Agile & Waterfall
- Software Development Life Cycle
- Career Path
Software testing is the process of evaluation a software item to detect differences between given input and expected output. Also to assess the feature of A software item. Testing assesses the quality of the product. Software testing is a process that should be done during the development process. In other words software testing is a verification and validation process.
Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects).
Software testing can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a computer program/application/product:
• meets the requirements that guided its design and development,
• works as expected,
• can be implemented with the same characteristics,
• and satisfies the needs of stakeholders.
Software Development Process Cycle:-
PLAN (P): Device a plan. Define your objective and determine the strategy and supporting methods required to achieve that objective.
DO (D): Execute the plan. Create the conditions and perform the necessary training to execute the plan.
CHECK (C): Check the results. Check to determine whether work is progressing according to the plan and whether the results are obtained.
ACTION (A): Take the necessary and appropriate action if checkup reveals that the work is not being performed according to plan or not as anticipated.
Different Software Testing Levels for Detecting ErrorsWaqas Tariq
Software testing is the process to uncover requirement, design and coding errors in the program. But software testing is not a “miracle” that can guaranteed the production of high quality software system, so to enhance the quality of a software and to do a testing in more unified way, the testing process could be abstracted to different levels and each level of testing aims to test different aspects of the system. In my paper, I have described different level of testing and these different levels attempted to detect different types of defects. The goal here is to test the system against requirement, and to test requirement themselves.
Software Testing Fundamentals | Basics Of Software TestingKostCare
Learn the fundamental techniques and approaches to software testing and enhanced comprehend what to test, how to test it, and in what contexts certain practices. Fundamentals of Software Testing offer an eye-opening view into this difficult task based on multiple sources of industry best practice.
Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object-Oriented Software, Test Strategies for WebApps, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging, Software Testing Fundamentals, White-Box Testing, Basis Path Testing,
Control Structure Testing
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
A strategy for software testing integrates the design of software test cases into a well-planned series of steps that result in successful development of the software.
Software testing is an activity of finding defect or bugs by checking actual result with Expected result to make software defect free.Types of Testing are Black Box Testing and White Box Testing.
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4. 4
CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION
• Testing techniques—also referred to as methods—
can be classified by their characteristics. Common
classification schemes are by main characteristic of
a test by the target of testing (e.g. GUI or
integration) and by the available information
• There are three main classes of testing techniques:
• Static testing
• Dynamic testing
• Exhaustive testing
6. 6
STATIC TECHNIQUES
• Static techniques consider the program
at a given point, usually without
executing it.
• This technique does not create test
cases since there is no execution of the
program to be tested
• There are two type of static technique :
• Verification
• Static analysis
7. 7
VERIFICATION
• Verification techniques aim at formally checking
a program against its specification.
• Formal techniques
• Based on the specification of the program, consistency of
the program and its specification is proven
• An exhaustive specification is required and it has to be
transferred to a formal specification.
• Symbolic tests
• Variables in the program are treated as logic variables
instead of parameterizing them with constant values
• Combinations of input parameters and expected output
can be used as test cases
8. 8
STATIC ANALYSIS
• Static analysis does not execute the program under
consideration and does not necessarily require tool
support
• Style analysis
• A technique that checks source code for its compliance
with predefined conventions.
• Slicing
• Used to automatically discover interrelations within
programs, for examples with regard to the influence of
statements on variables
• Control flow analysis
• Used to detect code that cannot be executed for semantic
reasons (dead code) and loops that cannot be left once
entered
9. 9
STATIC ANALYSIS(CONT…)
• Data flow (anomaly) analysis
• Used to detect parts of programs that deviate from the
expectation
• Software inspections and code reviews
• An extensive field with a number of techniques to manually
assess the source code.
• Not only defects are searched for, but reviewers assess
whether the desired level of quality has been reached and
whether conventions are fulfilled
• Metrics
• Used to assess a program’s quality, to handle complexity, to
control the development process, and to check if standards
are met
• Useful to estimate effort, costs, and duration, to proactively
identify problems, for reasons of comparison, and to judge
the effectivity of newly introduced tools and methods
10. 10
DYNAMIC TECHNIQUES
• Dynamic techniques are based on executing
the code in order to detect failures
• This techniques divided by their orientation
on a program’s structure or functions, as
follow :
• Structure Oriented
• Function Oriented
• Dynamic Analysis
• Performance Tests
• Experience Based
• Further Techniques
11. 11
STRUCTURE ORIENTED
• A program is tested against its own code
which is forcing testers to check the code in
detail.
• Control flow testing
• Used to cover each path through a program by built a
control flow graph (CFG)
• Data flow testing
• Conducting by used information on how data is
processed by a program which is checked when
variables are read and written
12. 12
FUNCTION ORIENTED
• To test a program’s functions, cause and effects of it
• Should not be conducted by the developers that
implemented them
• Function coverage
• Used to cover each function with one test case
• Use case oriented
• For each use case, as many test cases have to be created as are
required to cover each corresponding path at least once
• Decision tables
• Summarize rules in clearly arranged tables which is made up of
conditions and actions.
• Used for cause effect analyses that try to decrease the number of
required test cases
13. 13
FUNCTION ORIENTED(CONT…)
• Equivalence partitioning and boundary value
• In Equivalence partitioning (also called input testing), test cases align with
classes that are to be tested both in a macro and in a micro perspective
• Boundary values analysis is using numeric values (in particular intervals)
whereas equivalence partitioning only uses textual or property values
• Domain testing
• Used to check equivalence classes’ boundaries and reduce the number of
test cases required to test all (remaining) classes
• Partition analysis
• An approach that combines different ideas, namely verification and
testing which uses symbolic execution and defines three criteria for
comparing specification and implementation of a program: compatibility,
equivalence, and isomorphism
• State oriented testing
• A technique that takes the idea of structured testing to black-box tests
• To cover each transition between states at least once.
14. 14
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
• Reveal defects that are almost impossible to find
with other techniques and can be used to
visualize a program’s performance and to deduce
runtime information.
• Finding Memory Leaks
• describe a conditions in which programs continuously
allocate more memory than they need and not completely
deallocated after not being needed any more
• Finding Performance Bottlenecks
• Used for test software that consists of multiple large
modules or that has sophisticated algorithms
• Dynamic Symbolic Execution
• The basic principles are the same as symbolic tests but in
place of statically checking the code, it is executed
15. 15
PERFORMANCE TESTS
• Also be called efficiency tests, are used to assess the
runtime behavior with regard to resource utilization
and response times.
• Conducted to ensure that a program will work under
unforeseeable future conditions
• Load test/Volume Test
• Used to assess a program’s behavior under load (the sum of
inputs to the program, resembles the typical workload that is
estimated for the program)
• Stress test
• Programs are tested with loads that are beyond the expected
workload even beyond the maximum noted in the specification
in order to fathom how the program behaves under such
workloads
16. 16
EXPERIENCE BASED
• Also called free testing techniques, are not rely on a
structured approach but utilize a tester’s experience
and high testing skills in order to test effectively
• Intuitive Testing
• Testers have in mind where defects might be or what might cause
failures (error hypotheses)
• Explorative Testing
• Attacks are used to check whether a program is prone to common
problems and often is used for security testing
17. 17
FURTHER TECHNIQUES
• Back-to-back tests
• Especially used for embedded systems, the programs are
run and their outputs are compared
• Mutation tests
• Do not mean to test a program but the tests written for
this program, attributed to fault-based testing
• Statistic Testing
• Based on probability distributions of the usage of classes,
methods, or other program components
• Tests are generated and their contribution to covering
classes, methods, or other program components is
assessed.
18. “ YOU’RE NEVER DONE
TESTING !
The burden simply shifts
from you (the software engineer) to the end user
18
19. 19
KIND OF TESTING
• Conventional Software Testing
• White-box testing
• Basis path testing
• Control Structure Testing
• Black-box testing
• Object Oriented Software Testing
• Class level testing
• Inter class testing
*will be disscuss next meeting
20. References
Lewis, W. E. (2009). Software Testing And Continuous Quality
Improvement ed. 3rd. Auerbach publications.
02
Majchrzak, T. A. (2012). Improving Software Testing: Technical And
Organizational Developments. Springer Science & Business Media.
03
Myers, G. J., Sandler, C., & Badgett, T. (2012). The Art Of Software
Testing. John Wiley & Sons.
04
Roger, S. P., & Bruce, R. M. (2019). Software Engineering: A
Practitioner’s Approach Ed.9th. McGraw-Hill Education.
01