This document discusses systems analysis and design methodologies. It covers structured design methodologies like the waterfall method and parallel development. It also discusses rapid application development, agile development approaches like extreme programming and scrum, and compares their activities and artifacts. The structured design approaches like waterfall involve completing each phase before beginning the next, while agile methods are more adaptive. Waterfall has long timelines but minimizes changes, while parallel development addresses the time gap by breaking a project into parallel subprojects.