This document provides definitions and formulas for various math concepts including: - Transformations like translations, enlargements, rotations, and reflections. - Calculating areas of shapes like triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and circles. - Volumes of cubes, cuboids, prisms, cylinders. - Similarities and congruencies between shapes. - Rules for working with fractions, percentages, equations, inequalities, sequences, and conversions.

1. Unit 3
For mulas
to Lear n
Foundation

2. Transformation means
move or change

3. Unit 3
T for Translation
E for
Enlargement
R for Rotation
R for Reflection

4. Translation means
slide needs a column
vector

5. Enlargement needs
scale factor and point

6. Rotation needs
an angle, direction
and point

7. Reflection needs the
name of a mirror line

8. Area of a triangle is
base x height ÷ by 2

9. Area of a
parallelogram is base
x height

10. Area of a trapezium is
(a+b) x h ÷ 2

11. Area of circle =
radius squared x by ∏

12. Circumference of a
circle is diameter x ∏

13. Volume of cube or
cuboid is
the
length x width x height

14. Volume of a prism is
area of cross section x
length

15. Volume of a cylinder is
radius squared x ∏ x
height

16. Congruent means
exactly the same

17. Similar means
the same shape
different size

18. The quadrilaterals
Square, rectangle,
parallelogram
rhombus, kite and
trapezium

19. To find
10 %
divide by 10

20. Estimate means
round and workout!

21. Perpendicular means
at right-angles to!

22. A bearing is an angle
measured clockwise
from north

23. The x axis is called
y=0
The y axis is called
x=0

24. Speed = distance ÷
time

25. Density = mass ÷
volume

26. Reciprocal means
one divided by
reciprocal of 2 is ½

27. The opposite of square is
square root
The opposite of cube is
cube root

28. Length = cm
Area = cm ²
Volume = cm³

29. Angles in an
equilateral triangle are
60º

30. Angles in a triangle
add up to 180°
Angles in a
quadrilateral add up to
360º

31. Interior angle sum of a
polygon is
(n-2) x 180°

32. For polygons
Interior + Exterior =
180º

33. C for corresponding
I for Interior
A for alternate
O for opposite

34. Corresponding angles
are equal
C
C

35. Interior angles add up
to 180º
X
X

36. Alternate angles are
equal
A
A

37. Opposite angles are
equal
O
O

38. Parallel lines are like
train tracks

39. Parallel lines have
the same
gradient

40. Equation of a straight
line is
y = +/- gradient x +/-
Intercept

41. y x y = y²

42. y + y = 2y

43. The Rules of indices
a4 x a5 = a9
a ÷ a
7 3
= a 4
(a 6 ) 3 = a 18

44. A number in Standard
Form is in two parts
3.6 x 10 6

45. To add and subtract
fractions
the denominators must
be the same

46. To multiply fractions
we multiply
top by top
bottom by bottom

47. Negative x negative =
Positive
Positive x negative =
negative

48. To divide fractions we
invert
the second fraction
and multiply

49. Solve means
to find the value of
x= or y=

50. Simplify means
collect all the like
terms.

51. Expand means
remove the brackets
2(x – 4) = 2x - 8

52. Factorise means
put the brackets back
in.
Factor (outside
bracket)

53. Change the subject
means
rearrange legally!!!

54. Expanding double
brackets
( x + 4 )( x - 3 )

55. Order of Operations
Brackets
Indices
division
Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction

56. Inequalities
treat like an
equals
2x + 1 < 5

57. For sequences find the
‘goes up in’
and adjust
2, 5, 8, 11, ….

58. Conversions
1kg ~ 2.2 lbs
1 L ~ 1.75 pints
8 km ~ 5 miles
2.5 cm ~ 1 inch

59. Pythagoras’ theorem
a² + b² = c²
C
a
b

60. Locus means
‘the path of a point’

61. The polygons
triangle
quadrilateral
pentagon
hexagon
heptagon
octagon
nonagon
decagon

62. Plan view means
a birds’ eye view

63. The four types of
angles are
Acute
obtuse
reflex
right-angle

64. A perpendicular
bisector
cuts a line in half at
right-angles

65. For sequences find the
‘goes up in’
and adjust.

66. The four types of
triangle are
equilateral
isosceles
right-angled
scalene