This document discusses different types of woven pile fabrics. It begins by defining pile fabrics as those with tufts of cut warp or weft threads projecting at right angles from the foundation to form a pile or loop surface. Pile fabrics are classified as either weft pile (such as velveteen and corduroy) or warp pile (such as velvet). Weft pile fabrics incorporate two types of weft threads and one type of warp thread. They contain a greater proportion of weft than warp threads and require high weft density which is achieved through low warp sett and high warp tension. Common weft pile fabrics include corduroy, velveteen, and Manchester fabric. The document also discusses velveteen fabrics

1. By Ghulam Mustafa Ghori
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology
Jamshoro

2. Woven pile fabric
 Pile fabrics are characterized by the brush like surface
formed by the tufts of warp or weft cut threads. The
brush like surface is formed by a set of threads which
project at right angles from a foundation or ground
structure and form a pile or loop on the surface.
Cutting the looped threads can be done either on the
loom or the machines of the fabric finishing
department. Such fabrics should be distinguished
from the others which become a pile after passing
through a raising machine or after electrical flocking.

3. Classification of pile fabric
 pile fabric
Weft pile fabric(velveteen) warp pile fabric(velvet)
1. All over or plain 1.Terry piles
2. Weft plushes 2. wire piles
3. Figure velveteens (i) fast structure
4. Corded velveteens or (ii) loose structure
corduroys fustains

4. Weft pile fabrics
1. These fabrics incorporate two types of weft and one
type of warp threads.
2. A drop box is necessary, if the pile weft differs in
count or colour from the ground weft.
3. Weft pile fabrics contain a much greater proportion
of weft threads as compared to warp threads.
4. High density of weft picks which in the finest fabrics
may reach 200 picks per cm.
5. The high weft thread density is possible by having a
low warp sett with higher tension of warp.

5. Weft pile fabrics
6. Due to the high warp tension, positive shedding
mechanisms are used.
7. Highest qualities of cloth require specially constructed
heavy weaving machinery.
8. Low and medium quality cloth can be produced on high
speed automatic looms using reeds with special deep dent
wires. Picks per cm. 50 to 100.
9. They have long floats of weft which may be cut or uncut.
Satin or warp rib is used. Plain is used for ground.
10. cotton, rayon, worsted or mohair may be used.
11. Ring yarn is used.

6. Well known weft pile fabrics
 corduroy : fine rib quality , used for women’s wear.
 Baby roy : very fine rib quality , used for women’s
blouses.
 Velveteen : there is pile over the entire fabric surface
but the pile not forms ribs on the fabric surface like
corduroy.
 Manchester : weft pile fabric , closely woven fabric ,
used for trouser.
 Stretch cord : weft pile fabric with a great number of
elastomeric yarns in the warp. So the fabric is elastic in
length wise and mainly used for ladies dress.

7. Velveteen fabrics
 Velveteen and weft plush are produced with floats of
such a length and closeness that when cut and
brushed they produce an all over effect.
 A twill back velveteen is more durable than a plain
back.
 Durability also depends on the way in which the pile is
held to the ground.
 Pile is not higher than 1/8”.

8. Classification of velveteen
 All over or plain velveteen : in which the surface is
uniformly covered by the pile.
 Weft plushes : the surface is uniformly covered by the
pile but arranged to produce much longer tufts , used
for upholstery purposes.
 Corded velveteens : the piles run in orderly vertical
cords of varying width.
 Figured velveteens : pile figure is produced.

9. Float cutting principle
 Once pile was cut by hand with a thin steel blade.
 In machine cutting thin, flexible metal bands are
inserted between the floats and the base fabric ,then
circular metal knives cut down the centers of the floats
over the metal band. The blades cut the floats without
damage to the base fabric.
 Another machine is equipped with a great number of
needles with knives. For every rib to be cut, a separate
needle with knife is used.