The document analyzes the use of temporal deictic expressions in an interview between Emma Watson and Jimmy Fallon from 2017. It finds that present and past tense verbs are used frequently to refer to the proximal and distal time frames. Common time adverbials are also used to provide further temporal context. The conclusion states that temporal deictics are important for understanding utterances pragmatically by relating language structures to the specific contexts in which they are used.

1. Analysis of Emma Watson’s conversation with Jimmy
Fallon (2017)
Tenses, Time adverbials

2. Deixis
 (Levinson S. C., 1995)- ”Deixis is an
important field studied in pragmatics,
semantics and linguistics. Deixis refers
to the phenomenon wherein
understanding the meaning of certain
words and phrases in an utterance
requires contextual information. Words
or phrases that require contextual
information to convey any meaning are
deictic” .

3. Deixis (Cont)
 Deixis is reference by means of an
expression whose interpretation is
relative to the (usually) extra linguistic
context of the utterance, such as: ƒ
 who is speaking ƒ
 the time or place of speaking ƒ
 the gestures of the speaker, or ƒ
 the current location in the discourse

4. Deictic Expression
 A deictic expression is a word or phrase that points
out the different meaning the words have in various
situations. Without a pragmatic approach, the
interpretation of an utterance would be impossible to
understand, therefore deictic expressions are crucial
and it involves the relationship between the structure
of languages and the contexts in which they are
used.
 A word that depends on deictic indicators is called
a deictic word , and is bound to a context.
 Hence, words that are deictic hold a denotational
meaning which varies depending on time and/or
place, and a fixed semantic meaning (Levinson,
1983).

5. Categories of Deixis
 Stephen C. Levinson pointed out five
types of deixis;
1. Person
2. Place
3. Temporal
4. Discourse
5. Social

6. Temporal Deixis
 It refers to an event of an utterance, which
takes place any time relative to the
speaking time and is, therefore,
represented by tense, time adverbials and
sometimes by spatial prepositions such as
in the evening, at midnight, on time .
 The location of an event referred to and
represented by time and tense constitutes
the deictic centre in the utterance of a
speaker.

7. Temporal
Deixis Expressions
 In English, temporal deixis is expressed by
adverbs of time and tense markers on the
verb.
 There are two tenses in English that are
morphologically marked on verbs. They are
the present and the past.
 To refer to events taking place in the future
English uses modal verbs, will or shall and
the phrasal modal be going to.
 Another means of expressing the future is
using a present tense verb but attaching an
adverb of time to indicate the future.

8.  This presentation aims to analyse a
section of interview given by Emma
Watson at “The Tonight Show Starring
Jimmy Fallon” in 2017. In this video, the
interlocutors recall their previous
meeting in order to induce laughter in
the audience and to create a rapport
with the celebrity guest.

10. Findings:
Temporal Deictics Referents No. of times
Present Tense Proximal time span 15
Past Tense Distal time span 28
Future Tense Distal time span 0
Adverbs of time Provides further
context for the time at
which utterances
were produced
13

11. Detailed Description of
Findings:
 Tenses:
 Present Simple:
 Excerpt # 1
 Jimmy Fallon -You go, "When you get kids,
you trick them." And I go, "That's Jimmy
Kimmel.“
 Excerpt # 2
 Jimmy Fallon - (overlap) I don't mind. I get
that all the time. I get Jimmy Kimmel all the -
-but then...

12. Present Continuous:
 Excerpt # 1
 Jimmy Fallon-Thank you so much for
coming back to our show. Is it -- Is it all
flushing back to you?
 Excerpt # 2
 Jimmy Fallon - so, please, thank you for
coming back and I appreciate that.

13. Past Simple:
 Excerpt # 1
 Emma Watson -And there was just silence.
 Excerpt # 2
 Jimmy Fallon -and I just gave you a
compliment, and then you said, "Before you
continue..."

14. Past Continuous:
 Excerpt # 1
 Emma Watson - You could tell that I was
dying inside.
 Excerpt # 2
 Emma Watson - And I was so keen to do a
good job after having..

15. Past Perfect:
 Excerpt # 1
 Emma Watson -We'd never met before.
 Excerpt # 2
 Emma Watson -You were so sweet. But then
I feel like this show had a great vibe, cause
everyone was in hysterics.

16. Time Adverbials:
 Excerpt # 1
 Jimmy Fallon - (overlap) I don't mind. I get that
all the time. I get Jimmy Kimmel all the --but
then...
 Excerpt # 2
 Emma Watson (overlaps) -"Before you even start
the interview...“
 Excerpt # 3
 Jimmy Fallon - [ Laughter ] -We don't ever want
to embarrass our guests, so, please, thank
you for coming back to our show and I
appreciate that.

17. Conclusion:
 All of the words and phrases are temporal
deictics because they “point” or “refers” to any
time relative to the speaking time of the
utterances and provides further temporal
context which is usually represented by tense,
time adverbials.
 Without a pragmatic approach, the
interpretation of an utterance would be
impossible to understand, therefore deictic
expressions (temporal) are crucial and it
involves the relationship between the structure
of languages and the contexts in which they
are used.