Content Based Instruction is an approach to teaching a second language that focuses on teaching content or information rather than explicitly teaching the language itself. It is based on the principles that language is learned more successfully when used to acquire information rather than as an end goal, and that this approach better meets learners' needs. Content areas like science, history or literature are used as the basis for developing language skills through activities focused on vocabulary, discourse or communication. The role of the teacher is to have knowledge in the subject matter and elicit that from students. CBI has been shown to effectively increase English proficiency while teaching necessary academic and professional skills.
Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT), also known as task-based instruction (TBI), focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help.
Among all the methods and approaches to language teaching there is one that may not have a strong basis on its Theory of Language but an excellent background on its Theory of Learning, the Natural Approach, based on the principles of the Theory of Language Acquisition proposed by Stephen Krashen.
Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT), also known as task-based instruction (TBI), focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help.
Among all the methods and approaches to language teaching there is one that may not have a strong basis on its Theory of Language but an excellent background on its Theory of Learning, the Natural Approach, based on the principles of the Theory of Language Acquisition proposed by Stephen Krashen.
Community Based Participatory Research Approaches: Experiences from St. James...Wellesley Institute
This presentation is an overview of community based participatory research methodologies. It draws on examples from work in St. James Town to illustrate the range of information that could be drawn using an arts-based participatory research method. The aim of this presentation is to illustrate how participatory research methodologies can be effectively used in research resistant communities for: 1) engaging and empowering marginalized populations; 2) enabling communities to advocate for social changes; and 3) developing new partnerships with stakeholders and initiating community-level changes.
Nasim Haque, MD, DrPH
Director of Community Health
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Presentation by Amy Paulson at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference. Explores and explains the community-based participatory approach with focus on application of theory in “real communities with real people”. The use of coalitions in community-based participatory approaches will be discussed. Explains the challenges and benefits of coalition building was they relate to moving from theory to practice, as well as the impact of individual and community factors on coalition building.
Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Each of us generates our own “rules” and “mental models” which we use to make sense of our own experiences. Learning, therefore, is simply the process of adjusting our mental models to accommodate new experiences.
Is there any instructional method to teach content through English as a foreign language?
Different Approaches to an Instructional Model
Manuel F. Lara Garrido - lara25@bepnetwork.com
Content-Focused Language Instruction - Handout 2014Brent Jones
Content-focused language teaching approaches such as Content-Based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) continue to gain both recognition and credibility. In this workshop, participants will be introduced to both the theory and practice of such approaches, with special emphasis on the affective learning domain. After looking at the various benefits and challenges of a content-focuses approach, the presenter will introduce an example of a theme-based CBI program that is currently being used in a tertiary-level English program for management course students in Japan. The aim here is to highlight for participants each step in the instructional design process as well as some of the various considerations at both the macro (curriculum) and micro (task) levels. Participants will then be challenged to consider the motivational merits of implementing a content-focused approach in their own teaching contexts, and be presented with a list of suggested readings for further exploration.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Background
Content Based Instruction refers to an
approach to second language
teaching in which teaching is
organized around the content or
Information that students will acquire
rather than around a linguistic or other
type of syllabus.
3.
It is the teaching of content or information
in the language being learned with little or
no direct or explicit effort to teach the
language itself separately from the content
being taught. (Krahnke, 1987)
4. The role of content in
other curriculum designs
Language Across The Curriculum
Immersion Education
Immigrant On Arrival
Programs for Students with Limited
English Proficiency
Language For Specific Purpose
5. Approach
Content-Based Instruction is grounded on
the following two central principles, they
are:
1. People learn a second language more
successfully when they use the
language as a means of acquiring
information rather than as an end in
itself.
2. Content-Based Instruction better
reflects learners’ needs for learning a
second language.
6. Theory of Language
A number of assumptions about the nature
of language underlie Content-Based
Instruction.
1.
2.
3.
Language is text and discourse based
Language use draws on integrated skills
Language is purposeful
7. Theory of Learning
People learn a second language most successfully when
the information they are acquiring is perceived as
interesting, useful, and leading to desired goal
Some content areas are more useful as a basis for
language learning than others.
Students learn best when instruction addresses
students’ needs.
Teaching builds on the previous experience of the
learners.
8. Design
Objectives
In CBI, Language learning is typically considered
incidental to the learning of content. Thus the
objectives in a typical CBI course are stated as
objectives of the content course.
9. Example of objectives:
1. To activate and develop existing English skill
2. To acquire learning skill and strategies that
could be applied in future language
development opportunities
3. To develop general academic skills
applicable to university studies in all subject
areas
4. To broaden students’ understanding of
English-speaking peoples
10. Syllabus
In most CBI courses, the syllabus is derived
from the content area and these obviously
vary widely in detail and format. In CBI
(theme based model), content and
instructional sequence is chosen
according to language learning goals.
11.
The theme based model uses the syllabus
type referred to as a topical syllabus.
Example:
1. Drugs
6. Modern Architecture
2. Religion Persuasion
7. Ecology
3. Advertising
8. Nuclear Technology
4. Britain and the Race Question
5. Native Americans
12. Types of learning and teaching activities
Stoller (1997) provodes a list of activities classified
according to their instructional focus. The classification
categories she proposes are:
language skills improvement
Vocabulary building
Discourse organization
Communicative interaction
Study skills
Synthesis of content material and grammar.
13.
Mohan (1986) also describes an approach to
content based ESL instruction at the
secondary level that is built around the notion
of knowledge structures.
Specific-practical elements
o Description
o Sequence
o Choice
General theoretical elements
o Concepts/Classification
o Principles
o Evaluation
14. Learner Roles
One goal of CBI is for learner to
become autonomous so that they
come to understand their own learning
process and take charge of their own
learning from the very start (Stryker
and Leaver 1993: 286)
15. The Role of Teacher
“Instructors must be more than just
good language teachers. They must
be knowledgeable in the subject
matter and able to elicit that
knowledge from their students”
(Stryker and Leaver 1993: 292)
16. The Role of Materials
As with other elements in CBI, the
materials that facilitate language
learning are the materials that are
used typically with the subject matter
of the content course.
17. Contemporary models
of content-based instruction
Courses at the university level
o
o
o
o
o
Theme-Based Language Instruction
Sheltered Content Instruction
Adjunct Language Instruction
Team Teach Approach
Skill Based Approach
18. Courses at the elementary and secondary
school
o
o
Theme-Base Approach
Adjunct approach
Course in private language institutes
o
Theme-Based Approach
19. Procedure
At the level of procedure, teaching
materials and activities are selected
according to the extent to which
match the type of program it is.
20. Stryker and Leaver (1997: 198-199 describe a typical
sequence of classroom procedures in a content based
lesson The lesson is a Spanish lesson built around the
viewing of the film El Norte.
21. Conclusion
CBI is an effective method of combining
language and content learning. CBI
effectively increases learners' English
language proficiency & teaches them the
skills necessary for the success in various
professions. With CBI, learners gradually
acquire greater control of the English
language, enabling them to participate
more fully in an academic & social
environment.