Sink Float Solutions is a European company created in 2014 to develop a new energy storage system called OGRES to address the intermittency of renewable energies at a lower cost. OGRES uses concrete weights on barges in the ocean that can be raised and lowered to store potential energy, acting like a battery. This technology is 5-20 times cheaper than conventional storage options. It is ready for demonstration and aims to accelerate the energy transition by making renewable energy mixes cost competitive without using the public grid.
Method of energy storage and power generationJun Yao
The present invention is a method of combination of hydraulic power generation and floating-body power generation, which could be applied directly into current energy storage system, or could be applied as an independent power generation unit which could directly generate power to grid or store in electrical batteries.
It works well as weather-proof solutions where there is seasonal water flow shortage or during drought disaster. Moreover, it could be a robust backup during routine maintenances or malfunction of existing system.
This robust system could be built on the places where there are liquid flow available and elevation differences preferred.
Moreover, investor could use retired carriers which transported crude, oil products or LNG as oil-storage tanks when they generate power profits.
该方法可以单独作为水利发电单元,也可以与水利发电配套使用,在季节性或干旱少水时,发挥其对水头要求不高的优点,增强整个系统的稳定性。同时,在水利系统检修或发生故障时,提供电力保障。该系统结构简单,包括悬浮体支撑结构,动力传输结构和发电机,一般电力建筑公司都有能力设计和施工。系统不需复杂的操作,易于实现自动化控制,操作成本和维护成本都很低。只要系统的防腐问题做的好,使用寿命至少在100年以上。
另外,悬浮重物如果是油船或液化气船,业主可以兼营油品储藏业务,虽然这样会减少水位上浮的发电能力,但油品储存的收入和由于油价的浮动而产生的效益可以作为经济补偿。
Current status of Wells Turbine for Wave Energy Conversionijsrd.com
The method of wave energy conversion utilizes an oscillating water column (OWC). The OWC converts wave energy into low-pressure pneumatic energy in the form of bi-directional airflow. Wells has been used to convert this pneumatic power into uni-directional mechanical shaft power. But a Wells turbine has inherent disadvantages like lower efficiency and poorer starting characteristics. This paper provides current status of wells turbine and reviews various researches done to improve starting and running characteristics of wells turbine.
The document discusses superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems. SMES systems store energy in a magnetic field generated by a DC current passing through a superconducting coil. The three main components of a SMES system are the superconducting coil, power conditioning system, and cryogenic system. SMES systems have advantages like high efficiency, fast response, and no moving parts. However, their main drawback is high overall cost to maintain the coil at a low temperature. Potential applications discussed include use in power grids, transportation, and spacecraft.
This document summarizes a marine propulsion conference held in 2011 in Japan. It discusses Japan's national initiative to reduce ship emissions through 22 research projects funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The projects involve developing technologies to reduce CO2 emissions from ships by 30% compared to existing ships. Some highlighted projects include micro-bubble lubrication systems to reduce hull friction, low resistance coatings, improvements to propulsive efficiency, waste heat recovery systems, hybrid turbochargers, renewable energy technologies like solar and wind, and large capacity batteries. The conference provided details on these various emission reduction technologies and efforts.
Solar roadways may sound absurd right now but the fact that solar panels too was a concept that might have sounded absurd to some people back in those days. This is proof that even something as absurd as solar roadways can be the future to sustainable development using renewable energy.
This presentation gives a general idea to the working of solar working roadways with some case studies and some numbers,
Floating Power Plant Overview - Carsten Bech - Floating Power Plant - April 2010Burton Lee
The document summarizes a floating hybrid renewable energy platform called Poseidon that can harness both wind and wave energy in deep ocean waters. It has completed a full-scale demonstration phase and has a proven design based on offshore technologies. Its key advantages are its ability to operate in deep waters, high energy production per footprint, and ability to extract both wind and wave energy for utility-scale renewable power generation. It aims to be a market leader through commercializing the technology.
The document proposes a "Smart Solar Highway System" using solar panels that replace existing asphalt roads and generate electricity. Key points:
- Solar roads could meet growing energy demand and reduce pollution by generating power without fossil fuels or greenhouse gases.
- A solar highway would include photovoltaic cells underneath durable, translucent road panels and could power homes/industries via an intelligent power grid.
- Benefits include reduced accidents from LED lighting, lower costs over time compared to roads/power plants, and job creation. Challenges include high upfront costs but payback within 10 years without ongoing fuel costs. The system could provide 3 times current energy needs.
A simple presentation on the topic Tidal Power Plant. It mainly focus on the student matters not for commercial use. Also added some smooth animation. I created with Powerpoint 365 older version may not support some custom animations.
Method of energy storage and power generationJun Yao
The present invention is a method of combination of hydraulic power generation and floating-body power generation, which could be applied directly into current energy storage system, or could be applied as an independent power generation unit which could directly generate power to grid or store in electrical batteries.
It works well as weather-proof solutions where there is seasonal water flow shortage or during drought disaster. Moreover, it could be a robust backup during routine maintenances or malfunction of existing system.
This robust system could be built on the places where there are liquid flow available and elevation differences preferred.
Moreover, investor could use retired carriers which transported crude, oil products or LNG as oil-storage tanks when they generate power profits.
该方法可以单独作为水利发电单元,也可以与水利发电配套使用,在季节性或干旱少水时,发挥其对水头要求不高的优点,增强整个系统的稳定性。同时,在水利系统检修或发生故障时,提供电力保障。该系统结构简单,包括悬浮体支撑结构,动力传输结构和发电机,一般电力建筑公司都有能力设计和施工。系统不需复杂的操作,易于实现自动化控制,操作成本和维护成本都很低。只要系统的防腐问题做的好,使用寿命至少在100年以上。
另外,悬浮重物如果是油船或液化气船,业主可以兼营油品储藏业务,虽然这样会减少水位上浮的发电能力,但油品储存的收入和由于油价的浮动而产生的效益可以作为经济补偿。
Current status of Wells Turbine for Wave Energy Conversionijsrd.com
The method of wave energy conversion utilizes an oscillating water column (OWC). The OWC converts wave energy into low-pressure pneumatic energy in the form of bi-directional airflow. Wells has been used to convert this pneumatic power into uni-directional mechanical shaft power. But a Wells turbine has inherent disadvantages like lower efficiency and poorer starting characteristics. This paper provides current status of wells turbine and reviews various researches done to improve starting and running characteristics of wells turbine.
The document discusses superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems. SMES systems store energy in a magnetic field generated by a DC current passing through a superconducting coil. The three main components of a SMES system are the superconducting coil, power conditioning system, and cryogenic system. SMES systems have advantages like high efficiency, fast response, and no moving parts. However, their main drawback is high overall cost to maintain the coil at a low temperature. Potential applications discussed include use in power grids, transportation, and spacecraft.
This document summarizes a marine propulsion conference held in 2011 in Japan. It discusses Japan's national initiative to reduce ship emissions through 22 research projects funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The projects involve developing technologies to reduce CO2 emissions from ships by 30% compared to existing ships. Some highlighted projects include micro-bubble lubrication systems to reduce hull friction, low resistance coatings, improvements to propulsive efficiency, waste heat recovery systems, hybrid turbochargers, renewable energy technologies like solar and wind, and large capacity batteries. The conference provided details on these various emission reduction technologies and efforts.
Solar roadways may sound absurd right now but the fact that solar panels too was a concept that might have sounded absurd to some people back in those days. This is proof that even something as absurd as solar roadways can be the future to sustainable development using renewable energy.
This presentation gives a general idea to the working of solar working roadways with some case studies and some numbers,
Floating Power Plant Overview - Carsten Bech - Floating Power Plant - April 2010Burton Lee
The document summarizes a floating hybrid renewable energy platform called Poseidon that can harness both wind and wave energy in deep ocean waters. It has completed a full-scale demonstration phase and has a proven design based on offshore technologies. Its key advantages are its ability to operate in deep waters, high energy production per footprint, and ability to extract both wind and wave energy for utility-scale renewable power generation. It aims to be a market leader through commercializing the technology.
The document proposes a "Smart Solar Highway System" using solar panels that replace existing asphalt roads and generate electricity. Key points:
- Solar roads could meet growing energy demand and reduce pollution by generating power without fossil fuels or greenhouse gases.
- A solar highway would include photovoltaic cells underneath durable, translucent road panels and could power homes/industries via an intelligent power grid.
- Benefits include reduced accidents from LED lighting, lower costs over time compared to roads/power plants, and job creation. Challenges include high upfront costs but payback within 10 years without ongoing fuel costs. The system could provide 3 times current energy needs.
A simple presentation on the topic Tidal Power Plant. It mainly focus on the student matters not for commercial use. Also added some smooth animation. I created with Powerpoint 365 older version may not support some custom animations.
Solar roadways involves structurally engineered solar panels that generate electricity from sunlight and form an intelligent, decentralized power grid. Each 12' x 12' solar panel connects to surrounding panels, stores energy, and distributes power to connected homes and vehicles. In addition to providing electricity, the solar roadways' embedded LEDs can illuminate roads and warn of hazards. The system aims to achieve energy independence through powering electric vehicles and replacing deteriorating infrastructure. However, high initial costs remain a key disadvantage.
The document summarizes a technical seminar on marine current turbines. It discusses various types of tidal energy technologies including barrage tidal power and tidal stream generators. It describes the design of turbine blades and materials used. Different models of horizontal axis tidal turbines are presented and the results and advantages/disadvantages of tidal current turbines are discussed. The seminar covered categories of tidal technologies, tidal stream generators, blade design, materials, turbine models, results and conclusions.
This document discusses the potential for wave power in Sri Lanka and proposes an oscillating water column (OWC) wave extractor. It notes that Sri Lanka has suitable wave conditions and sites for wave power. The document describes how an OWC works, using incoming waves to drive a turbine via oscillating water levels. It analyzes wave data from several Sri Lankan sites to identify the best location. The document outlines a procedure to model and scale an OWC design for Sri Lankan conditions, selecting a prototype plant and scaling factor. It acknowledges challenges like turbine efficiency but concludes Sri Lankan wave climates support OWC development.
The document discusses the concept of solar panel roads. It describes how the roads would be constructed with three layers - a surface layer for traction, an electronics layer containing solar panels and microprocessors, and a base layer for distributing power. It outlines benefits like producing renewable energy, enabling electric vehicles by allowing charging anywhere, and providing self-heating to eliminate snow and ice buildup. Implementing solar panel roads nationwide could significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels and carbon emissions.
Introduction
Solar technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on the way
they capture, convert and distribute
solar energy. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic
panels and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a
building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal
mass or light dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.
A solar roadway is a road surface that
generates electricity by solar power
photovoltaic cells. One current
proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x
3.658 m) panels including solar
Panels and LED signage, that can be
driven on. The concept involves
replacing highways, roads, parking
lots, driveways, and sidewalks with
such a system.
Working principle:
A solar roadway is a series of
structurally engineered solar panels
that are driven upon. The idea is to
replace current petroleum-based
asphalt roads, parking lots, and
driveways with solar road panels that
collect energy to be used by homes
and businesses, and ultimately to be
able to store excess energy in or
alongside the solar roadways. Thus
renewable energy replaces the need
for the current fossil fuels used for
the generation of electricity, whichcuts greenhouse gases and helps in
sustainable development.
Solar road construction:
Existing prototype panels consist
of three layer.
surface layer:
Electronics layer:
Base plate layer:
Advantages of Solar Roadway:
Renewability and life-span
Military and rescue assistance
Roadways already in place
Lighting up of roads
Initial Cost
Disadvantages of Solar Roadway:
Maintenance costs
Seasonal efficiency
Needs a town planning.
Conclusion:
For roughly the same cost of the
current systems (asphalt roads and
fossil fuel burning electricity
generation plants), the Solar
Roadways™ can be implemented. No
more Global Warming. No more
power outages (roaming or
otherwise). Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution. A new secure
highway infrastructure that pays for
itself. A decentralized, self-healing,
secure power grid. No more
dependency on foreign oil.
This document summarizes a student project on solar roadways. It describes solar roadways as a system of solar panels that can be driven on and generate electricity. The document outlines the key components of solar roadways, including the glass surface layer, electronic layer with solar cells, and base plate layer. It also discusses advantages like reduced fossil fuel use and pollution, as well as challenges like high initial costs. The document reviews case studies of solar roadway prototypes and existing solar roads in France and China.
Solar Roadways - The future transport system ( Seminar report by Swapnil Patw...Swapneil Patwari
A solar roadway is a road surface that generates electricity by solar power photovoltaic cells. One current proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x 3.658 m) panels including solar panels and LED sign-age, that can be driven on. The concept involves replacing highways, roads, parking lots, driveways, and sidewalks with such a system. A layer of embedded LEDs will be used to create traffic warnings or crosswalks, and excess electricity could be used to charge electric vehicles or routed into the power grid. The electrical components will be embedded between layers of extremely durable, textured glass. A solar roadway is a series of structurally engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with solar road panels that collect energy to be used by homes and businesses, and ultimately to be able to store excess energy in or alongside the solar roadways. Thus renewable energy replaces the need for the current fossil fuels used for the generation of electricity, which cuts greenhouse gases and helps in sustainable development.
Parking lots, driveways, and eventually highways are all targets for the panels. If the entire United States Interstate Highway system were surfaced with Solar Roadways panels, it would produce more than three times the amount of electricity currently used nationwide. Existing prototype panels consist of three layers. 1. Road surface layer, 2. Electronics layer, 3. Base plate layer. Road Survey of India: India had a road network of over 42,45,805 kilometers in 2011.
In which national highways and state highways cover 0.05% of total road network.
These highways can produce 450TWh of electricity according to references when they are surfaced by solar panels.
But India needs 991TWh of electricity.
This implies that if 0.1% of total road network of India is surfaced with Solar Roadway panels, it would illuminate our nation. CONCLUSION: For roughly the same cost of the current systems (asphalt roads and fossil fuel burning electricity generation plants), the Solar Roadways can be implemented.
No more Global Warming.
Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution.
A new secure highway infrastructure that pays for itself.
A decentralized, self-healing, secure power grid.
No more dependency on foreign oil.
Pv tubewell economics potential pakistanakhtar ali
The document discusses the potential for solar PV tube wells in Pakistan. It estimates that there are over 1 million existing tube wells, 70-80% of which currently run on diesel engines. Solar PV tube wells could potentially replace much of this diesel usage. The economics are promising, with estimated payback periods of 3 years for solar PV systems compared to operating costs of 25 cents/kWh for diesel. Various business models are proposed to encourage the adoption of solar PV for tube well irrigation, which could significantly reduce fuel costs for farmers and diesel imports.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on solar roadways. It describes the key features of solar roadways, including three layers consisting of a glass road surface, electronics layer, and base plate layer. The presentation outlines advantages such as renewable energy generation, road illumination, intelligent transportation systems, and electric vehicle charging. Disadvantages include high initial costs and potential issues with maintenance and seasonal efficiency. The conclusion states that solar roadways could provide a renewable alternative to traditional asphalt roads and power generation if implemented on a large scale.
Pakistan Solar pv tubewell potential and economicsakhtar ali
This document provides information on the potential for solar PV tube wells in Pakistan. It includes statistics on existing tube wells, irrigated land areas, estimated solar PV potential in MW, and economics of replacing diesel tube wells with solar PV.
Key points include:
- Pakistan has over 1 million tube wells, with 834,905 powered by diesel and 250,000 by electricity.
- The estimated solar PV potential from converting tube wells is 8000 MW, with a target of 4000 MW (40,000 solar pumps) conversion over 10 years.
- A case study shows a 15 kW solar PV tube well replacing a diesel engine would have a 3 year payback period and net present value of $3.6
Nidec asi electric power solutions for hybrid propulsionNidec Corporation
Nidec ASI is an expert in electric hybrid marine propulsion systems. They have experience developing hybrid systems for vessels in Venice to reduce emissions in the canal. Their hybrid systems combine diesel generators with electric motors powered by batteries to allow zero emissions operation. They worked with Ferretti Group to develop the first hybrid luxury yacht over 20 meters that can operate in zero emission mode.
The document discusses the benefits of solar power as an alternative to traditional fossil fuel energy sources. It notes that fossil fuels face challenges like rising costs and environmental concerns over climate change. As a result, governments and businesses are increasingly supporting renewable alternatives like solar, wind, biomass and hydroelectric power. The document proposes constructing solar roads in rural agricultural areas that currently lack reliable power, in order to generate electricity at low cost and provide surplus power to other regions. It suggests enhancing this design by incorporating water collection basins and thermal plates made of materials that absorb heat well, to also harness solar thermal energy and use steam turbines to generate electricity without air pollution or fossil fuels. The conclusion is that this could boost development, incomes and quality of
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. Today more than ever we see and feel the consequences of the climate change. From
melting ice caps, to the rising sea levels, weather changes and temperature rises, there are
more and more natural disasters that we learn about from the news. People have come up with many different kinds of methods and solutions in order to fight these changes but not many of them are as effective as needed. Thus we need to step on more complex approaches and more general and interlinked solutions for solving the pressing problems.There is, however, a technology that can help us to normalize our climate, but also help in our daily lives. We offer Smart Solar Roadways as one possible solution that can drastically change our way of living for better. Smart Solar roads combine different solutions in one – it can help us to improve energy production from solar panels, to collect and distribute rain water, to provide a digital platform for Smart city, to facilitate emerging electric cars and driver-less cars and much more! We believe that this approach can offer many additional benefits to citizens, to the environment and will contribute for sustainable development as a whole. Some may call it even the next “Industrial revolution”, we like to think of it like a better tomorrow. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e.
“Solar Roadways”.
Tidal power plants harness the energy of tides by using structures like tidal barrages and tidal turbines. There are two main types of tidal power plants: single basin and double basin. The document outlines the working of tidal power plants, examples from around the world including in India, and discusses their advantages in being pollution free and having no fuel costs, as well as disadvantages like high capital costs and potential effects on marine life. It also notes tidal power is practically inexhaustible due to its source being gravitational interactions between celestial bodies.
1. The document discusses the concept of solar roadways, which involves embedding solar panels into road surfaces to generate electricity. The solar roadways would be made up of three layers - a glass surface layer, an electronics layer containing photovoltaic cells, and a base plate layer to distribute power.
2. In addition to power generation, the solar panels could be programmed to provide instructions to drivers using LEDs for safety and traffic control. The embedded heating elements in the panels could also melt snow and ice, reducing road hazards.
3. It is proposed that solar roadways could provide electricity to homes and businesses while requiring similar costs to traditional asphalt roads. This could help reduce fossil fuel usage, pollution,
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e. “Solar Roadways
The document discusses plans for developing tether boost facilities to enable in-space transportation. Key points include:
1) Tether Unlimited is developing technologies like electrodynamic tethers and momentum exchange to provide propellantless propulsion beyond low Earth orbit using tether boost facilities.
2) Facilities would use tethers up to 100km long to boost payloads from LEO to destinations like the Moon and Mars in rapid transfer times of 5 days and 90 days respectively.
3) An incremental development path is proposed starting with demonstrating technologies on suborbital and LEO missions before building operational tether boost facilities to GEO, the Moon, and Mars.
Dr Stephen Prior - Drones and other Unmanned Air Vehicles - Cafe Sci Isle of ...onthewight
Dr Stephen Prior's (Engineering and Physical Sciences Faculty, Southampton University) presentation to the Isle of Wight's Cafe Scientifique on Drones and other Unmanned Air Vehicles, March 2019.
This document discusses Ocean Gravity Energy Storage (OGRES), a proposed gravity-based energy storage system. It provides details on:
- Assumptions and technical questions around the OGRES system.
- A cost structure analysis showing estimated costs for system components like weights, floats, anchoring systems, and electricity cables.
- Prototype scenarios to demonstrate and validate the system at various scales from 1 ton to 5 MW.
- The potential OGRES market in mini-grids and macro-grids for renewable energy storage.
Pressure buffering hydropower introduction, Bogorodsky Power Co.Andrew Bogorodsky
The document describes a new type of hydropower plant called pressure buffering hydropower. It utilizes buoys in the ocean that are pushed up and down by wave motion, which pumps water through pipes to a storage reservoir located above the buoys. The pressurized water is then released through turbines to generate electricity. This design aims to provide stable renewable energy production while being scalable and able to operate without electricity in seawater. The document outlines the market opportunity and competitive advantages of this technology over other renewable energy sources.
Modern technologies for efficient propulsion & fuel saving (by dwivedi)anand dwivedi
above paper consist information of all latest and upcomming technology to improve propulsion efficiency of ship.it deals with technologies which has been installed in many ships across the globe for fuel saving.
special thanx to chetan shivans randev, hari krishna malil & gaurav gosain.
Solar roadways involves structurally engineered solar panels that generate electricity from sunlight and form an intelligent, decentralized power grid. Each 12' x 12' solar panel connects to surrounding panels, stores energy, and distributes power to connected homes and vehicles. In addition to providing electricity, the solar roadways' embedded LEDs can illuminate roads and warn of hazards. The system aims to achieve energy independence through powering electric vehicles and replacing deteriorating infrastructure. However, high initial costs remain a key disadvantage.
The document summarizes a technical seminar on marine current turbines. It discusses various types of tidal energy technologies including barrage tidal power and tidal stream generators. It describes the design of turbine blades and materials used. Different models of horizontal axis tidal turbines are presented and the results and advantages/disadvantages of tidal current turbines are discussed. The seminar covered categories of tidal technologies, tidal stream generators, blade design, materials, turbine models, results and conclusions.
This document discusses the potential for wave power in Sri Lanka and proposes an oscillating water column (OWC) wave extractor. It notes that Sri Lanka has suitable wave conditions and sites for wave power. The document describes how an OWC works, using incoming waves to drive a turbine via oscillating water levels. It analyzes wave data from several Sri Lankan sites to identify the best location. The document outlines a procedure to model and scale an OWC design for Sri Lankan conditions, selecting a prototype plant and scaling factor. It acknowledges challenges like turbine efficiency but concludes Sri Lankan wave climates support OWC development.
The document discusses the concept of solar panel roads. It describes how the roads would be constructed with three layers - a surface layer for traction, an electronics layer containing solar panels and microprocessors, and a base layer for distributing power. It outlines benefits like producing renewable energy, enabling electric vehicles by allowing charging anywhere, and providing self-heating to eliminate snow and ice buildup. Implementing solar panel roads nationwide could significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels and carbon emissions.
Introduction
Solar technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on the way
they capture, convert and distribute
solar energy. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic
panels and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a
building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal
mass or light dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.
A solar roadway is a road surface that
generates electricity by solar power
photovoltaic cells. One current
proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x
3.658 m) panels including solar
Panels and LED signage, that can be
driven on. The concept involves
replacing highways, roads, parking
lots, driveways, and sidewalks with
such a system.
Working principle:
A solar roadway is a series of
structurally engineered solar panels
that are driven upon. The idea is to
replace current petroleum-based
asphalt roads, parking lots, and
driveways with solar road panels that
collect energy to be used by homes
and businesses, and ultimately to be
able to store excess energy in or
alongside the solar roadways. Thus
renewable energy replaces the need
for the current fossil fuels used for
the generation of electricity, whichcuts greenhouse gases and helps in
sustainable development.
Solar road construction:
Existing prototype panels consist
of three layer.
surface layer:
Electronics layer:
Base plate layer:
Advantages of Solar Roadway:
Renewability and life-span
Military and rescue assistance
Roadways already in place
Lighting up of roads
Initial Cost
Disadvantages of Solar Roadway:
Maintenance costs
Seasonal efficiency
Needs a town planning.
Conclusion:
For roughly the same cost of the
current systems (asphalt roads and
fossil fuel burning electricity
generation plants), the Solar
Roadways™ can be implemented. No
more Global Warming. No more
power outages (roaming or
otherwise). Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution. A new secure
highway infrastructure that pays for
itself. A decentralized, self-healing,
secure power grid. No more
dependency on foreign oil.
This document summarizes a student project on solar roadways. It describes solar roadways as a system of solar panels that can be driven on and generate electricity. The document outlines the key components of solar roadways, including the glass surface layer, electronic layer with solar cells, and base plate layer. It also discusses advantages like reduced fossil fuel use and pollution, as well as challenges like high initial costs. The document reviews case studies of solar roadway prototypes and existing solar roads in France and China.
Solar Roadways - The future transport system ( Seminar report by Swapnil Patw...Swapneil Patwari
A solar roadway is a road surface that generates electricity by solar power photovoltaic cells. One current proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x 3.658 m) panels including solar panels and LED sign-age, that can be driven on. The concept involves replacing highways, roads, parking lots, driveways, and sidewalks with such a system. A layer of embedded LEDs will be used to create traffic warnings or crosswalks, and excess electricity could be used to charge electric vehicles or routed into the power grid. The electrical components will be embedded between layers of extremely durable, textured glass. A solar roadway is a series of structurally engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with solar road panels that collect energy to be used by homes and businesses, and ultimately to be able to store excess energy in or alongside the solar roadways. Thus renewable energy replaces the need for the current fossil fuels used for the generation of electricity, which cuts greenhouse gases and helps in sustainable development.
Parking lots, driveways, and eventually highways are all targets for the panels. If the entire United States Interstate Highway system were surfaced with Solar Roadways panels, it would produce more than three times the amount of electricity currently used nationwide. Existing prototype panels consist of three layers. 1. Road surface layer, 2. Electronics layer, 3. Base plate layer. Road Survey of India: India had a road network of over 42,45,805 kilometers in 2011.
In which national highways and state highways cover 0.05% of total road network.
These highways can produce 450TWh of electricity according to references when they are surfaced by solar panels.
But India needs 991TWh of electricity.
This implies that if 0.1% of total road network of India is surfaced with Solar Roadway panels, it would illuminate our nation. CONCLUSION: For roughly the same cost of the current systems (asphalt roads and fossil fuel burning electricity generation plants), the Solar Roadways can be implemented.
No more Global Warming.
Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution.
A new secure highway infrastructure that pays for itself.
A decentralized, self-healing, secure power grid.
No more dependency on foreign oil.
Pv tubewell economics potential pakistanakhtar ali
The document discusses the potential for solar PV tube wells in Pakistan. It estimates that there are over 1 million existing tube wells, 70-80% of which currently run on diesel engines. Solar PV tube wells could potentially replace much of this diesel usage. The economics are promising, with estimated payback periods of 3 years for solar PV systems compared to operating costs of 25 cents/kWh for diesel. Various business models are proposed to encourage the adoption of solar PV for tube well irrigation, which could significantly reduce fuel costs for farmers and diesel imports.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on solar roadways. It describes the key features of solar roadways, including three layers consisting of a glass road surface, electronics layer, and base plate layer. The presentation outlines advantages such as renewable energy generation, road illumination, intelligent transportation systems, and electric vehicle charging. Disadvantages include high initial costs and potential issues with maintenance and seasonal efficiency. The conclusion states that solar roadways could provide a renewable alternative to traditional asphalt roads and power generation if implemented on a large scale.
Pakistan Solar pv tubewell potential and economicsakhtar ali
This document provides information on the potential for solar PV tube wells in Pakistan. It includes statistics on existing tube wells, irrigated land areas, estimated solar PV potential in MW, and economics of replacing diesel tube wells with solar PV.
Key points include:
- Pakistan has over 1 million tube wells, with 834,905 powered by diesel and 250,000 by electricity.
- The estimated solar PV potential from converting tube wells is 8000 MW, with a target of 4000 MW (40,000 solar pumps) conversion over 10 years.
- A case study shows a 15 kW solar PV tube well replacing a diesel engine would have a 3 year payback period and net present value of $3.6
Nidec asi electric power solutions for hybrid propulsionNidec Corporation
Nidec ASI is an expert in electric hybrid marine propulsion systems. They have experience developing hybrid systems for vessels in Venice to reduce emissions in the canal. Their hybrid systems combine diesel generators with electric motors powered by batteries to allow zero emissions operation. They worked with Ferretti Group to develop the first hybrid luxury yacht over 20 meters that can operate in zero emission mode.
The document discusses the benefits of solar power as an alternative to traditional fossil fuel energy sources. It notes that fossil fuels face challenges like rising costs and environmental concerns over climate change. As a result, governments and businesses are increasingly supporting renewable alternatives like solar, wind, biomass and hydroelectric power. The document proposes constructing solar roads in rural agricultural areas that currently lack reliable power, in order to generate electricity at low cost and provide surplus power to other regions. It suggests enhancing this design by incorporating water collection basins and thermal plates made of materials that absorb heat well, to also harness solar thermal energy and use steam turbines to generate electricity without air pollution or fossil fuels. The conclusion is that this could boost development, incomes and quality of
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. Today more than ever we see and feel the consequences of the climate change. From
melting ice caps, to the rising sea levels, weather changes and temperature rises, there are
more and more natural disasters that we learn about from the news. People have come up with many different kinds of methods and solutions in order to fight these changes but not many of them are as effective as needed. Thus we need to step on more complex approaches and more general and interlinked solutions for solving the pressing problems.There is, however, a technology that can help us to normalize our climate, but also help in our daily lives. We offer Smart Solar Roadways as one possible solution that can drastically change our way of living for better. Smart Solar roads combine different solutions in one – it can help us to improve energy production from solar panels, to collect and distribute rain water, to provide a digital platform for Smart city, to facilitate emerging electric cars and driver-less cars and much more! We believe that this approach can offer many additional benefits to citizens, to the environment and will contribute for sustainable development as a whole. Some may call it even the next “Industrial revolution”, we like to think of it like a better tomorrow. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e.
“Solar Roadways”.
Tidal power plants harness the energy of tides by using structures like tidal barrages and tidal turbines. There are two main types of tidal power plants: single basin and double basin. The document outlines the working of tidal power plants, examples from around the world including in India, and discusses their advantages in being pollution free and having no fuel costs, as well as disadvantages like high capital costs and potential effects on marine life. It also notes tidal power is practically inexhaustible due to its source being gravitational interactions between celestial bodies.
1. The document discusses the concept of solar roadways, which involves embedding solar panels into road surfaces to generate electricity. The solar roadways would be made up of three layers - a glass surface layer, an electronics layer containing photovoltaic cells, and a base plate layer to distribute power.
2. In addition to power generation, the solar panels could be programmed to provide instructions to drivers using LEDs for safety and traffic control. The embedded heating elements in the panels could also melt snow and ice, reducing road hazards.
3. It is proposed that solar roadways could provide electricity to homes and businesses while requiring similar costs to traditional asphalt roads. This could help reduce fossil fuel usage, pollution,
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e. “Solar Roadways
The document discusses plans for developing tether boost facilities to enable in-space transportation. Key points include:
1) Tether Unlimited is developing technologies like electrodynamic tethers and momentum exchange to provide propellantless propulsion beyond low Earth orbit using tether boost facilities.
2) Facilities would use tethers up to 100km long to boost payloads from LEO to destinations like the Moon and Mars in rapid transfer times of 5 days and 90 days respectively.
3) An incremental development path is proposed starting with demonstrating technologies on suborbital and LEO missions before building operational tether boost facilities to GEO, the Moon, and Mars.
Dr Stephen Prior - Drones and other Unmanned Air Vehicles - Cafe Sci Isle of ...onthewight
Dr Stephen Prior's (Engineering and Physical Sciences Faculty, Southampton University) presentation to the Isle of Wight's Cafe Scientifique on Drones and other Unmanned Air Vehicles, March 2019.
This document discusses Ocean Gravity Energy Storage (OGRES), a proposed gravity-based energy storage system. It provides details on:
- Assumptions and technical questions around the OGRES system.
- A cost structure analysis showing estimated costs for system components like weights, floats, anchoring systems, and electricity cables.
- Prototype scenarios to demonstrate and validate the system at various scales from 1 ton to 5 MW.
- The potential OGRES market in mini-grids and macro-grids for renewable energy storage.
Pressure buffering hydropower introduction, Bogorodsky Power Co.Andrew Bogorodsky
The document describes a new type of hydropower plant called pressure buffering hydropower. It utilizes buoys in the ocean that are pushed up and down by wave motion, which pumps water through pipes to a storage reservoir located above the buoys. The pressurized water is then released through turbines to generate electricity. This design aims to provide stable renewable energy production while being scalable and able to operate without electricity in seawater. The document outlines the market opportunity and competitive advantages of this technology over other renewable energy sources.
Modern technologies for efficient propulsion & fuel saving (by dwivedi)anand dwivedi
above paper consist information of all latest and upcomming technology to improve propulsion efficiency of ship.it deals with technologies which has been installed in many ships across the globe for fuel saving.
special thanx to chetan shivans randev, hari krishna malil & gaurav gosain.
VACON NXP Grid Converter - Cleaner power for ports and ships Vacon Plc
The document discusses how Vacon NX Grid Converter technology can help reduce emissions and improve efficiency for ships and ports. It allows ships to connect to local power grids while docked, eliminating the need for onboard diesel generators. This significantly cuts emissions and noise pollution for ports. It can also optimize engine speed for improved fuel efficiency when at sea. Case studies show installations in major ports like Shanghai saving thousands of tons of emissions annually.
This document summarizes a simulation of a low voltage DC microgrid for an electric ship. Key aspects of the simulation include:
- Interfacing renewable generators like PV and batteries to a common DC bus to power a propeller load.
- Using two diesel generators connected to six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators to provide initial power to the common DC bus.
- Choosing design parameters for the common DC bus, like 1000V, and sizing power electronic converter ratings based on load requirements.
- Illustrating the control interfaces for different sections and connecting an onshore grid as the ship approaches the berth.
- Developing the system in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of
This presentation is about the advances in Renewable Resources of energy. This includes the innovations in the field of Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Water Energy and Success Stories and Ongoing work worldwide. This is what I call a Technovation.
The flexibility of Alstom Grid’s high voltage solution - Think Grid n°9Joël Devautour
Ships produce air pollution that is thousands of times dirtier than vehicle emissions. To reduce this, the EU requires ships to use lower-sulfur fuel by 2020 in European waters. An alternative is for docked ships to shut off their engines and receive power from the electrical grid via heavy cables, eliminating emissions and saving fuel costs. However, this "cold ironing" requires infrastructure investments and standardization, as ships use different voltages and frequencies. Alstom Grid developed a modular high-voltage shore connection solution to address these challenges.
IRJET- Transmission of Ac Power from Offshore to Onshore by using Low Frequen...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the transmission of AC power from offshore wind farms to onshore grids using low frequency AC transmission. Some key points:
1) Offshore wind farms generate power at medium voltage DC which is converted to low frequency AC (e.g. 20Hz) using cycloconverters for transmission through undersea cables.
2) At the receiving end, the low frequency AC is converted back to standard grid frequency AC using phase shift transformers before connecting to the onshore grid.
3) Low frequency AC transmission allows use of the same undersea cable designs as used for standard frequency but increases transmission capacity and distance. It provides an alternative to HVAC and HVDC transmission for medium length offshore connections.
Excipio Energy offshore renewables 2016Roy Robinson
Excipio Energy aims to harness offshore renewable energy, starting with steady ocean currents in the Gulf of Mexico using existing oil and gas infrastructure. Its mission is to make offshore renewable energy the most profitable, safe and reliable global energy source. It plans to initially generate power from ocean currents and later expand to technologies like offshore wind, waves and OTEC. Excipio believes offshore renewable platforms can serve as bases for aquaculture and research while avoiding many risks associated with oil and gas extraction.
There are the following global challenges:
• lack of energy
• lack of fresh water
• environmental problem
• saving the climate and life on the planet
The existing technology does not allow to avoid the potential disaster in 2050-2100. Suggested technology (Air Hydro Electric Station, Artificial Hydro Power) is perhaps the only one way that allows to avoid this.
Water Cycle is the most powerful process in Nature – about 1/4 of Sun’s Energy. Since the annual precipitation is about 1 m of rainfall, it matches a huge power ~ 800 TW that is more than 60 times greater than all the current needs of humanity and more than 400 times greater than all electrical power stations.
Why the usual Hydro power gives so little from Water Cycle power? Because the flow of all rivers is 11 times less than all precipitation and all rivers power is 200 times less than Cloud Power.
How to avoid this power loss?
• Collect water in place where it condenses really, i.e. directly in clouds
• Use all possible hydro power head in any place of land or ocean
We suggest the technology for realization this idea – Air HES, that allows to get water directly from clouds (by using a fog collector technology) in order to create artificial Hydro Power anywhere worldwide.
Major trend is the transition to renewable energy sources. It then becomes clear that resources are only sufficient for sun and (possibly) wind. Traditional hydro power does not have enough resources. However, the use of cloud energy changes this assessment.
Principally it results from economics. All three methods of conversion (PV, wind, clouds) are the same order of magnitude of the energy density (~ 100 W/m2) , but only for Air HES all this energy with virtually no loss can be merged into one point (pipe/turbine), making part of the proportional m2 far cheaper than other alternatives. This implies ROI > 1000% that allows quickly rebuild the energetics and successfully pass the collapse of energy & climate in 2050.
This document summarizes a presentation on increasing the energy, power, and efficiency of ultracapacitors. It describes the need for energy storage and harvesting applications without batteries. It also discusses challenges with batteries and opportunities for ultracapacitors. The presentation explores approaches to reducing ultracapacitor inner resistance and increasing energy density through hybrid electrode designs.
The document analyzes converting diesel rubber-tired gantry cranes (RTGs) at the Durban Container Terminal in South Africa to electric RTGs (E-RTGs) to reduce costs and environmental impacts. RTGs currently use diesel which is expensive and polluting. E-RTGs can reduce fuel and maintenance costs by 70% and reduce emissions by 60-80% compared to diesel RTGs. The document discusses three methods for converting RTGs to electric systems: bus bar systems, overhead conductor systems, and cable reel systems. It concludes that converting to E-RTGs would help Durban Container Terminal lower costs, improve air quality, reduce emissions in line with international standards, and make the terminal more environment
HSH Elevated Highspeed Rail Proposal for Egypt 29January2018.pdfJustin Sutton
The document summarizes the Interstate Traveler Company's hydrogen super highway transportation system, which uses magnetic levitation to move transports powered by solar and hydrogen energy. Key features include:
- An elevated rail system that is resilient to desert conditions like sand storms and can operate independently of the external environment using solar and hydrogen power.
- Transports that are protected from dust and sand accumulation thanks to the tubular rail geometry and air pressure waves generated at high speeds.
- A closed-loop utility subsystem that uses electrolysis to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water, which can then be recombined to generate electricity on demand and desalinate water.
- An integrated operating system that facilitates routing, materials handling
This document discusses the emergence of a "Climate Camelot" - a world shifting from carbon-based energy to non-carbon energy. It describes several technologies that could help drive this transition, including thermal energy storage systems, container-based energy storage for rail transportation of electricity, and wave energy generation. The key is developing market incentives and financial models to make non-carbon technologies economically appealing to users and spur a large-scale paradigm shift away from carbon.
The Long-Term Energy Storage Conundrum and its Impact on the Clean Energy Tra...BXD
A key factor holding back the transition from CO2 intensive fossil fuel based power generation to clean (green) energy-based sustainable production is that of how to store energy that is essentially
intermittently produced.
In an exclusive interview with BXD, Mark Howitt, CTO of Manchester, UK, based Storelectric, discusses the current state of the clean energy transition worldwide, the need for long-duration energy storage, the place for hydrogen in national grids, and a way to eliminate the renewable
energy intermittency issue, reduce energy wastage and increase efficiency.
Hydrogen is perfect for the gas grid: up to 10-15% mix with natural gas can be achieved with minimal network modifications and upgrades. Beyond that, it's inappropriate until you hit 100%. That's because a mix is only useful where it's being burned. But the applications for which hydrogen is best suited require 100% purity – applications such as fuel cells, transportation, fuel and chemical synthesis, iron smelting, steel production, and so on.
This document discusses various desalination processes and their energy requirements and costs. It provides details on membrane-based processes like forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and membrane distillation. Forward osmosis uses osmotic pressure to purify water and has potential applications in water treatment, energy production, and life sciences. The document outlines several pilot projects using forward osmosis and membrane distillation technologies and discusses the benefits and challenges of these innovative approaches to desalination.
This document discusses the history and types of batteries. It begins with defining batteries and describing their invention by Volta in 1800. It then discusses the increasing demand for batteries to power electronics and electric vehicles. The document outlines several recent advances in batteries, including sodium-ion and solid-state designs that improve safety. It concludes that continued research in nanoscience and new materials could enable breakthroughs in sustainable battery technologies.
Exhibit C HSH - Operations in a Desert Environment-2015.pdfJustin Sutton
The Hydrogen Super Highway elevated rail system is ideally suited for operations in harsh desert conditions. Compared to traditional steel wheel rail infrastructure, the HSH will be more reliable and have a longer and much broader value and return on investment. The HSH enables the reconstitution of arid land into useable farm land.
The document discusses the construction of a wave energy converter in Greece. It proposes building an overtopping breakwater in the harbor of Heraklion, Crete that would serve the dual purpose of protecting the harbor from waves while also producing electricity from wave energy. The breakwater would work by exploiting running-up waves that overtop into a reservoir and are then returned to the ocean through low-head turbines to generate an estimated 290 MWh of electricity per year, enough to power 83 households. The design is intended to reduce costs compared to conventional breakwaters while helping Greece achieve its renewable energy goals.
The document describes a new e-propulsion system for boats developed by Innovanautic. The system uses electric motors powered by batteries and/or generators for propulsion. This improves efficiency over internal combustion engines. The system's energy management optimizes energy usage from various renewable and conventional sources. It allows boats to be powered electrically for comfort while reducing environmental impact. Innovanautic tailors e-propulsion systems for different boat sizes and uses, with the goal of providing energy savings, environmental friendliness, safety, and economic benefits over fossil fuel-powered boats.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
Teaser ogres v 150307.2
1. Who we are?
Sink Float Solutions is a European company, created in 2014 by Christophe Stevens, inventor,
in order to promote the development of a new energy storage system (OGRES) to solve the
intermittency problem or renewable energies with an economically viable cost.
Since 2013, several persons were involved in the project and contributed to increase its
maturity (technical experts and funding). After several years of research, conceptualization
and patents applications, the technology is ready for a demonstration.
Ocean Gravitational
Energy Storage (OGRES)
Why is it important to reduce the cost of energy storage?
In 2015, several storage solutions exist, but they are still too expensive to be combined to large
scale wind or solar farms. For that reason, when there is no wind or no sun, the electricity
consumer is usually served by thermal power stations.
Those power plants usually burn fossil fuels (gas, coal), and then the development of
renewable energies contribute to global warming.
Why the conventional storage solutions are and will remain expensive?
Conventional storage solutions tackle economical
and technological barriers.
The cost of batteries depend on the cost of raw
materials (lead, lithium, etc), and their life time is
limited (3 to 10 years). The cost of pumped-
storage hydroelectricity, depend of the
topographic environment, and the best locations
are already installed. The other solutions are
even more expensive (flywheel, compressed air,
hydrogen, capacitors)
Those economical barriers can be demonstrated
by using physical and chemical laws.
Page 1 - 10 Sink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016 Public
2. The OGRES energy storage technology solves the intermittency issue
of wind and solar farms at an unbeatable price.
We offer a solution 5 to 20 times cheaper than the most competitive conventional
storage systems (batteries and pumped-storage hydroelectricity).
This technology works like a big battery, settled near the cosat line and connected to the
grid with a submarine electric cable.
Simplicity: our technology uses the gravitational potential energy by using important
elevation differences between the sea surface and the seabed.
During the reloading phase, the system raises concrete weights one by one with a simple
lifting hoist cable device with an electric motor on a barge. And during the energy production
stage, the system descends the weights one by one and run an electric generator.
The system is reloaded, the weights hang
near the sea surface.
The system is unloaded, the weights are
on the seabed.
Generator mode,
When there is no wind,
the system releases the
weights and produces
electricity for the
consumer.
Motor mode,
When there is a lot of
wind, the excess of
electricity is used to
reload the system, the
hoist raises the weights
one by one.
Page 2-10 Sink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016 Public
3. By taking into account the floats, the anchoring cables, the barge, the hoist lifting system
with a 13,000 feet cable, the control system and the submarine power cable, the total
investment cost will vary from $ 30 to $ 90 /kWh depending on the location (distance to
shore, depth), storage time (quantity of weight for each barge), and the maturity level of
the system (prototype vs. Industrial development).
A solution robust, easy and fast to implement because using well known
components already existing (industrial maturity for many decades). The suppliers can offer
a warranty (10 to 20 years lifespan). The material availability is unlimited and generate poor
contamination: mainly steel cables, cement, iron, reinforced concrete and 10 kg of PVC for
each ton of floating capacity, which correspond lifting bag high quality standard required
notably by oil and gas offshore industry.
An economical advantage easy
to demonstrate:
Like pumped storage hydroelectricity
(PSH), our system uses the
gravitational potential energy, but
instead of transferring water between
two reservoirs with an average
elevation difference of 600 feet, we
propose to transfer solid weights
(concrete) by using 6,000 to 25,000
feet elevation differences (available in
the Ocean).
By using such elevation differences, it
is possible to store the same quantity
of energy in one ton of concrete than
in one ton of battery.
Example: With 13,000 feet depth (which is the average depth of the sea), it is possible to
store 10 kWh with one ton of concrete (less than $ 100). This figure can be easily
demonstrated with the potential energy formula (Epot = MxGxH). By comparison, the most
competitive battery (Tesla) will be sold for $ 3500 for the same energy storage capacity.
In other words, for 10 kWh of storage capacity, the concrete weight will be 30 times
cheaper and with a lifespan at least 2 times higher.
Page 3 - 10 Sink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016 Public
600 feet
12,000 feet
Turbine
pump
4. Viable also for small scale barges: Despite some fixed cost respect to power (submarine power
cable implementation and ROV operations), our system is economicaly viable from 1 to 10 MW
according to location characteristics. In the most favorable situation, it is equivalent of a diesel
generator. In the worst situation (distance > 250 km) our system is competitive for power higher
than 20 MW. est compétitif pour des puissances de 20 MW et au delà, which is much lower than a
thermal power plant (gas, coal).
Assumption: The cost include investment, lifespan, O&M. Wind: investment ) 1 million dollar / MWp,
capacity factor 25%, Storage: capacity 24 hours, barge power = 0,7x nameplate wind farm power,
energy losses due to storage = 20%, barge investment = 0,5 million dollar / MWp, weights = 30
$/kWh and 10 years lifetime, O&M < 5% capital/yr. Submarine electric cable: investment = 160
k$/mile + 5 k$/mile/MW.
150 miles
10 miles
4 MWp = 2 wind turbines
This example shows that our storage system, combined with wind turbine farms can serve the
consumer with a competitive price, and without using the public grid, including for
small markets (2 wind turbines for 1,000 inhabitants), and for important distances between
the wind farme and the storage barges. Islands simulations show even more competitive
situation (for examble: Hawaii, Reunion island, Dominican Republic, etc.)
Source: Google Earth
Page 4-10 PublicSink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016
Depth: 6,000
to 12,000 feet
Levelized
cost ($/MWh)
Distance: 10 to 150 mile
Electricity
market
price in
France
5. Total flexibility
The ratio capacity/power (MWh/MW) can be adapted to every need: from 3 hours (nuclear
power) to 12 hours (solar) and to 24, 48 hours (wind turbines). The « power » components
(the barge, MW) and the «energy storage capacity » (the weights, MWh) are completely
separated. .The number of weights for each barge, can be adapted to each situation and even
be modified after the first investment. The system can also be sold and relocated somewhere
else to adapt to the market evolutions, because the transport cost (towing) and electric cable
implementation are low.
The deployment potential is unlimited, unless the eligible sites for pumped-storage
hydroelectricity.
An outstanding energy efficiency (70 to 90%), because the energy losses are low
(hydrodynamic friction due to the vertical movement of weights) => 3 to 15 miles/hour.
Many technical solutions will make possible to operate the system even with
rough sea conditions and without increasing the costs.
The weights hanging and releasing operations
can be done by using smooth lanyards* for each
phase: generator/motor mode and up/down
storage position.
This allows to use ROV (conventional
submarine robot), also for hundreds of tons
weights.
Page 5-10 PublicSink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016
* Lanyard = smooth lifting accessory.
6. The economical performance presented in this document, was calculated for low power
barge (1 MWp) and small weights (50 tons). Important scale economies are possible by using
bigger weights and barge because their wind and flow exposure (surface) increase slower
than the storage capacity (volume).
Important economies can also be done by accepting operating rates below 100%, for
example, when the weather conditions are exceptional. In such situations, backup should be
available in order to supply the consumer. Diesel generators with a low capacity factor (1 to
5%) can be used with a very small economical and environmental impact. An economical
calculation could be done for each situation.
Page 6-10 PublicSink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016
WIND
FLOW
50 tons
50 m3
5
mph
In upper position, the weights and their main floats are stored several tens of meters
beneath the sea surface. At such a depth, the current flow generated by the wind is strongly
reduced. Thus it is possible to reduce the cost of anchoring cable for which length
(proportional to depth) is expensive.
Upper storage position
12,000 feet
18,000 feet
Lower storage position
Seabed
7. Page 7-10 PublicSink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016
The main float will follow the weights during
the descent phase, in order to avoid to rise
on the surface and be in contact with the
wind and the surface current flow. Its volume
(and then its floating capacity) will decrease
expontentially with the depth, with the
pressure increasing.
Pression x Volume = Constant
40 meters: 72 Psi => 50 m3 (100%)
400 meters: 495 Psi => 6 m3 (12%)
4000 meters: 5800 Psi => 0,1 m3 (1%)
With 4000 meters depth, and a 8 km/h
speed (5mph), a 50 tons weight can generate
or absorb 1 MegaWatt of power during 30
minutes. Each weight of 50 tons can store
500 kWh of energy.
Halfway, (after 15 minutes) the two hooks will cross, and guide
systems including conventional submarine robotics will avoid
giratory movements and improve the accuracy of the
dropping/hanging operations.
Numerous variants, not presented in this document, will ease
the control of horizontal and vertical weights movements, the
position of the barge, will improve the hydrodynamic design by
reducing the cost and improving the lifespan, Automation et
each phase, maintenance cost improvements, ensure a constant
or variable power as a function of the need in real time.
For more information
Video
Website: www.sinkfloatsolutions.com
Depth
- 40 m
Depth
- 40 m
- 120 m - 120 m
Depth
-2000 m
(6,000 feet)
8. Page 8-10 PublicSink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016
Billions dollars markets
Despite their high cost (> 200 $/kWh), their poor energy efficiency (65 to 70%) et their
environmental impact, pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) is the only solution to have
been developed on an industrial scale for transmission system grid. More than 120 GWe PSH
were implemented in the world (tens of billions of dollars investment), often for being
combined to nuclear power plants. However their cost remain too high for them to be
developed together with renewable intermitent energies (solar and wind) because those
require much more than 3 hours of storage capacity.
The huge cost reduction of our storage system make 100% renewable energy mixes can be
competitive in numerous markets.
The market share will not be taken only on other conventional storage solutions (PHS,
batteries), but also on thermal power plants (coal, gas).
Example for a 100 MWp wind turbine farm
For a 100 MWp wind turbine farm, with a 25% capacity factor (220 GWh/year) and with a 24
hours storage capacity, and a storage (barge) power equivalent to 70% of the nameplate wind
farm, 70 MW of barge and 600 MWh of weights would be necessary, which represent a 75
millions dollars turnover for the storage solution (barge and weights) and 120 millions dollars
for the wind turbines.
Example for the german market
In 2014, in the world, 140 Gwe of renewable new capacities were implemented, which
represent 400 MW every day. In a country like Germany (less than 3% of electricity world
market), where renewable share of electricity mix is reaching a critical point regarding the
intermittency challenge, le development of OGRES storage technology would generate a 7
billions dollars turnover every year.
Germany
9. Stage 1 : To guarantee an exclusivity to our future sharehoder
Since 2014, several patent were applied for regarding all variants allowing to use the
principle of OGRES. The first conclusions of the search reports confirm the results of our
anteriority studies, by considering as new all the claims. Complementary patent applications
were carried out regarding technical solutions allowing to improve the costs.
Stage 2: To provide proofs to our future customers.
Because of the huge cost reduction by comparison with conventional solutions and despite
the simplicity of OGRES, it is essential to do a demonstration. The next step is ongoing:
Assembling a full prototype big enough to validate performance criteria with 2 main
objectives:
1) Cost validation: Components and assembly (proof = invoices)
2) Working validation: including with rough sea conditions.
(proof = video of several cycles with incrasing rough sea conditions and performance
records: weight changing dead time, energy efficiency, mechanical constraints, etc)
Stage 3: energy transition acceleration
OGRES technology marketing can be done by selling patent rights and/or royalties on
geographic perimeters and/or project wind/solar farms. Or by delivering turnkey solutions
(barges, weights) to customer.
The industrialization stage can be fast because all components are standards and can be
manufactured by existing industrial plants. Assembly can be done by shipbuliding facilities
in many places. Each component (gear reducer, motor/generator, ROV, lifting bags and
other floating omponents, polyester or steel cables, etc) are available on brochure by many
suppliers and offer an important reliability since they are used for many decades.
Page 9-10 PublicSink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016
In order to validate the operations in rough
sea conditions, the prototypes will have a
minimal size but will make possible to
overcome scale extrapolation calculation
and thus ease the proof understanding.
Complementary trials will be carried out
with high capacity lanyards and rental
material (high capacity barges, heavy duty
conventional ROV’s) in order to validate the
critical functions with high capacity scale (>
50 MWe/barge) and by using standard
components certified for the grid.
The project
10. Page 10-10 PublicSink Float Solutions - All Rights Reserved - 2016
Christophe STEVENS, CEO
Email: christophe.stevens@sinkfloatsolutions.com
Franz SANCHEZ C, CFO
Email: franz.sanchez@sinkfloatsolutions.com
Pour plus d’information, n’hésitez pas à nous joindre
directement par email.
Merci pour votre attention.
For more information, you can contact us by email.
Thank you for your attention.
Website: www. sinkfloatsolutions.com