Nature of teaching, Variables and phases of teaching

1. TEACHINGTEACHING
PREPARED BYPREPARED BY
KANCHAN KHATREJAKANCHAN KHATREJA

2. TEACHINGTEACHING
Teaching is an intimate contactTeaching is an intimate contact
between a more mature personalitybetween a more mature personality
and a less mature one which isand a less mature one which is
designed to further the education ofdesigned to further the education of
the latter.the latter.
H.C MorrisonH.C Morrison

3. Teaching refers to activities that are
designed and performed to produce
change in student behaviour.
Clarke
Teaching is the task of a teacher which is
performed for the development of a child.
Thomas F. Green
Teaching is a system of actions intended to
produce learning.
B.O Smith

4. Nature and Characteristics of TeachingNature and Characteristics of Teaching
• Teaching is effective interaction between
teacher and students.
• Teaching is both art as well as science.
• Teaching has various forms, like formal and
informal training, conditioning or indoctrination
etc.
• Teaching is dominated by the skill of
communication.
• Teaching is tripolar process. Three poles are
educational objectives, methods of teaching and
evaluation techniques.

5. • Teaching is suggesting and not dictating.
• Good teaching is democratic and teacher
respects the students, encourages them
to ask questions, answer questions,
discuss etc.
• Teaching provides guidance, direction and
encouragement to the students.
• Teaching is kind and sympathetic and a
good teacher develops emotional stability
among children.

6. • Teaching is remedial and the teacher must solve
learning problems of students.
• Teaching helps children to make adjustments in
life.
• Teaching is a professional activity that helps to
bring about harmonious development of
children.
• Teaching can be observed, analysed and
evaluated.
• Teaching is a specialized task and may be taken
as a set of component skills for the realization of
a specified set of instructional objectives.

7. VARIABLES OF TEACHINGVARIABLES OF TEACHING
• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
• DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• INTERVENING VARIABLE

8. Independent VariableIndependent Variable
• Teacher plays the role of an independent
variable in the teaching process. Students
are dependent on him in the teaching
process.
• Teacher plans , organizes, leads and
control teaching process.
• Teacher is free to perform activities for
providing the learning experiences to the
students.

9. Dependent VariableDependent Variable
• The student is the dependent variable in
the process of teaching, because student
has to act in accordance with the planning
and organization of the teacher.
• Teaching activities of the teacher influence
the learning of the students.

10. Intervening VariablesIntervening Variables
• The intervening variables lead to
interaction between the teachers and the
students.
• The contents of teaching, methods and
techniques of teaching, tactics and
strategies of teaching, management of
instructional material and teaching
environment, etc. are known as
intervening variables.

11. FUNCTIONS OF VARIABLESFUNCTIONS OF VARIABLES
• Diagnostic Functions
• Prescriptive Functions
• Evaluative Functions

12. Diagnostic FunctionsDiagnostic Functions
The initial task in bringing about desirable changes
in the behaviour of the students is to have a
proper diagnose of the existing situation.
Diagnostic functions performed by a teacher
1. Diagnosing the entering behaviour of the
students in terms of cognitive, conative and
affective abilities.
2. Formulating specific educational objectives,
the type and quality of behavioural changes to
be introduced in the students in the light of the
entering behaviour and environmental
conditions.

13. 3. Analysing the content, instructional
material and environmental facilities
available for carrying out the task.
4. Diagnosing his own capabilities and
potentialities and bringing about
desirable changes in his own behaviour
for the success of his mission.

14. Diagnostic Functions performed by StudentsDiagnostic Functions performed by Students
1. Diagnosing strength and weakness of his
entering behaviour.
2. Assessing himself in terms of the tools of
learning like power of expression, ability to
think and analyse, psychomotor skills and
emotional behaviour etc.
3. Making efforts to understand the behaviour of
the teacher, the type of teaching methods and
strategies, the nature of the content and
instructional material for the purpose of
initiation on his part.

15. Prescriptive FunctionPrescriptive Function
It is based on the diagnosis for achieving the
stipulated objectives. In the prescriptive
function, teacher is more active. He has to
work for the meaningful interaction.
Cooperation of the student is also very
essential in carrying out the prescriptive
function by the teacher.

16. Functions performed by teacherFunctions performed by teacher
1. Selecting appropriate contents and
organising them into proper sequence.
2. Selecting proper teaching methods,
media and strategies and feedback
devices in view of the individual
differences of the students.
3. Seeking desired cooperation from the
students for a purposeful interaction.

17. PHASES OF TEACHINGPHASES OF TEACHING
Teaching is to be considered in terms of
various steps and the different steps
constituting the process are called
phases of teaching.
Three phases of teaching are
1. Pre- active phase (Planning stage)
2. Interactive Phase (Implementation
Stage)
3. Post-active Phase (Evaluation Phase)

18. Pre-active Phase of TeachingPre-active Phase of Teaching
It involves those aspects of the teaching
behaviour that the teacher engages in
before meeting the pupils face to face.
OPERATIONS at PRE-ACTIVE PHASE
• Formulation of Instructional Objectives
• Making decisions about the subject matter
• Arrangement of ideas and styles of
teaching
• Development of teaching strategy

19. Inter-active Phase of TeachingInter-active Phase of Teaching
It involves conducting teaching and
classroom management.
Operations at Inter-active Phase
• Perceiving the mood and size of the class
• Diagnosis of learners
• Presenting information in accordance with
teaching strategy decided in Phase 1.
• Feedback and reinforcement
• Management Procedures

20. Post-active Phase of TeachingPost-active Phase of Teaching
This phase mainly involves follow-up of
the operations undertaken in the earlier
two phases. It is a phase of evaluation that
provides necessary feedback to the
teacher and the students in bringing
desirable improvement in their
performance

21. Operations at Post-active PhaseOperations at Post-active Phase
• Determining the exact dimensions of the
behavioural changes.
• Using appropriate testing devices and
techniques.
• Changing or improving teaching
strategies.

22. THANK YOU