Presented by Kwaku Agyemang, FAO Consultant at the FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
The document outlines the business plan for JUTT MILK DAIRY over three years. [1] It will establish a dairy farm to obtain raw milk materials and produce milk and dairy products to meet the growing demand in Pakistan. [2] In the first year, the dairy expects to earn a profit of Rs. 2.15 crore despite initial investments. [3] By the third year, production and sales will increase substantially, with an expected profit of Rs. 8.30 crore.
The document discusses the Indian feed industry and livestock sector. It notes that the Indian feed industry is about 35 years old, produces around 3 million tonnes annually, and has modern facilities. The livestock sector includes dairy cattle, poultry, sheep, goats and camels, but the beef, pork and swine industries are almost non-existent due to religious and cultural factors. The dairy and poultry sectors have grown significantly in recent decades through improved breeding and feeding practices.
Dairy Farming to Produce Milk and Cattle Breeding Detailed Project Report, Pr...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Breeding to meet the demand for beef production, owners also use selective breeding to attain specific traits in their beef cattle. An example of a desired trait could be leaner meat or resistance to illness. Breeds known as dual-purpose breeds are also used for beef production. These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as for both beef and dairy production.
Dairy farming is a large unorganized sector in India and a major source for livelihood in rural areas. Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product. Commercial and small scale dairy farming in India is no doubt playing an important role in the total milk production and economy of our country. And almost all regions of India are suitable for setting up dairy farming business.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Milk Production and per capita availability of Milk in India, State-wise estimates of Milk Production, Per capita availability of Milk by States, Value of Output from Livestock sector, Livestock Population in India by Species, Are you ready for Dairy Farming Business?, Become a Cattle Farmer: Step-by-Step Career Guide, Uses of Milk, Buffalo breeds in India, Bulls, Cows and How to Breed Cattle, Business consultancy, Cattle Breeding - Download Project Report, Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm to Produce Milk, cost of setting up a dairy farm in India, cost to start a dairy farm, Dairy Business, Profitable Small Scale Manufacturing, dairy farm management, Dairy farm project report, milk dairy project, Dairy Farming - Download Project Report, Dairy Farming a lucrative business in India, dairy farming business plan, dairy farming business plan pdf, Dairy Farming in India, Dairy Farming project report for cows, dairy farming project report pdf, Dairy Husbandry Practices, Dairy Industry, Dairy Equipment, Milk Processing, Dairy Production, Dairy production and products: Milk composition, Detailed Project Report on Cattle Breeding, Detailed Project Report on Dairy Farming, Do you think Dairy Farming Profitable?, Download free project profiles on Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farming, farming, nurturing, breeding of cows, Feasibility report on Dairy Farming and Cattle Breeding, Free Project Profiles on Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, fully automated international standards dairy plant,
India is the world's largest milk producer due to several key strategies:
(1) Strong national policies support dairy farming and link the economy, agriculture, and rural development.
(2) India preserves indigenous cattle and buffalo breeds that are well-adapted to local conditions rather than relying on imported breeds.
(3) Cooperative management structures like AMUL collect, process and market milk at village, district and state levels, ensuring fair prices and quality standards.
Private management also works effectively with agents.
(4) Milk is processed into value-added products to reduce spoilage and access more markets.
(5) Popular brands and quality control allow cooperatives and companies to market products nationally
The document summarizes several animal feed products from Godrej Agrovet including Summer Kool, Bovino Calf Starter, Moo Magicmix, Prepwell, and Super Star. It provides details on the purpose, benefits, directions for use, and packaging for each product. The products are designed to reduce heat stress, support milk production, develop calves faster, balance nutrient intake, prepare animals for calving, and support faster growth and lower feed conversion ratios.
The document provides an overview of the animal feed market in India. It discusses key drivers such as the growth in livestock population and increasing consumption of animal-based foods. The major segments of the market are poultry feed, cattle feed, and aqua feed, with poultry feed accounting for the largest share. While the market is growing, challenges include rising ingredient prices and unpredictable climate conditions. The document also profiles several leading companies and provides financial details and business highlights for a sample domestic company.
The Jersey is a dairy cattle breed that originated on the island of Jersey in the English Channel. It is now found worldwide but remains most common in parts of Europe and North America. Jerseys are typically brown or tawny in color and are known for their well-shaped udders, strong udder attachments, and high butterfat milk production of 4.1-4.9% despite their smaller size compared to other dairy breeds. They are economically beneficial for farmers due to their efficient grazing, higher fertility rates, and ability to thrive on locally-produced feed.
The document outlines the business plan for JUTT MILK DAIRY over three years. [1] It will establish a dairy farm to obtain raw milk materials and produce milk and dairy products to meet the growing demand in Pakistan. [2] In the first year, the dairy expects to earn a profit of Rs. 2.15 crore despite initial investments. [3] By the third year, production and sales will increase substantially, with an expected profit of Rs. 8.30 crore.
The document discusses the Indian feed industry and livestock sector. It notes that the Indian feed industry is about 35 years old, produces around 3 million tonnes annually, and has modern facilities. The livestock sector includes dairy cattle, poultry, sheep, goats and camels, but the beef, pork and swine industries are almost non-existent due to religious and cultural factors. The dairy and poultry sectors have grown significantly in recent decades through improved breeding and feeding practices.
Dairy Farming to Produce Milk and Cattle Breeding Detailed Project Report, Pr...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Breeding to meet the demand for beef production, owners also use selective breeding to attain specific traits in their beef cattle. An example of a desired trait could be leaner meat or resistance to illness. Breeds known as dual-purpose breeds are also used for beef production. These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as for both beef and dairy production.
Dairy farming is a large unorganized sector in India and a major source for livelihood in rural areas. Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product. Commercial and small scale dairy farming in India is no doubt playing an important role in the total milk production and economy of our country. And almost all regions of India are suitable for setting up dairy farming business.
See more
https://goo.gl/kJJvzf
https://goo.gl/UzIa18
https://goo.gl/yVOgF0
https://goo.gl/dcx0IR
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Milk Production and per capita availability of Milk in India, State-wise estimates of Milk Production, Per capita availability of Milk by States, Value of Output from Livestock sector, Livestock Population in India by Species, Are you ready for Dairy Farming Business?, Become a Cattle Farmer: Step-by-Step Career Guide, Uses of Milk, Buffalo breeds in India, Bulls, Cows and How to Breed Cattle, Business consultancy, Cattle Breeding - Download Project Report, Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm to Produce Milk, cost of setting up a dairy farm in India, cost to start a dairy farm, Dairy Business, Profitable Small Scale Manufacturing, dairy farm management, Dairy farm project report, milk dairy project, Dairy Farming - Download Project Report, Dairy Farming a lucrative business in India, dairy farming business plan, dairy farming business plan pdf, Dairy Farming in India, Dairy Farming project report for cows, dairy farming project report pdf, Dairy Husbandry Practices, Dairy Industry, Dairy Equipment, Milk Processing, Dairy Production, Dairy production and products: Milk composition, Detailed Project Report on Cattle Breeding, Detailed Project Report on Dairy Farming, Do you think Dairy Farming Profitable?, Download free project profiles on Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farming, farming, nurturing, breeding of cows, Feasibility report on Dairy Farming and Cattle Breeding, Free Project Profiles on Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, fully automated international standards dairy plant,
India is the world's largest milk producer due to several key strategies:
(1) Strong national policies support dairy farming and link the economy, agriculture, and rural development.
(2) India preserves indigenous cattle and buffalo breeds that are well-adapted to local conditions rather than relying on imported breeds.
(3) Cooperative management structures like AMUL collect, process and market milk at village, district and state levels, ensuring fair prices and quality standards.
Private management also works effectively with agents.
(4) Milk is processed into value-added products to reduce spoilage and access more markets.
(5) Popular brands and quality control allow cooperatives and companies to market products nationally
The document summarizes several animal feed products from Godrej Agrovet including Summer Kool, Bovino Calf Starter, Moo Magicmix, Prepwell, and Super Star. It provides details on the purpose, benefits, directions for use, and packaging for each product. The products are designed to reduce heat stress, support milk production, develop calves faster, balance nutrient intake, prepare animals for calving, and support faster growth and lower feed conversion ratios.
The document provides an overview of the animal feed market in India. It discusses key drivers such as the growth in livestock population and increasing consumption of animal-based foods. The major segments of the market are poultry feed, cattle feed, and aqua feed, with poultry feed accounting for the largest share. While the market is growing, challenges include rising ingredient prices and unpredictable climate conditions. The document also profiles several leading companies and provides financial details and business highlights for a sample domestic company.
The Jersey is a dairy cattle breed that originated on the island of Jersey in the English Channel. It is now found worldwide but remains most common in parts of Europe and North America. Jerseys are typically brown or tawny in color and are known for their well-shaped udders, strong udder attachments, and high butterfat milk production of 4.1-4.9% despite their smaller size compared to other dairy breeds. They are economically beneficial for farmers due to their efficient grazing, higher fertility rates, and ability to thrive on locally-produced feed.
In this presentation you will get
1) Project Report of Dairy Farming
2) Layout Planning and infrastructure development
3) Animal Sourcing
4) Dairy Farm Machinery
5) Herd Management solutions
Feed Mill Industry in Bangladesh: A Recent Survey in 2018Mufazzal Emon
The survey found that there are currently 129 active feed mills in Bangladesh, with 96 registered and 33 unregistered. Dhaka division has the most active registered feed mills at 46. While 198 feed mills are registered total, 102 are currently inactive. The business areas of unregistered mills are confined to 2-3 districts within the same division. The top 15 feed mills account for over 70% of the market share in Bangladesh. Overall the feed industry in Bangladesh is competitive but there is opportunity to establish more mills in divisions like Sylhet that currently have none.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
present status of pakistan feed industry and its problems-pptDr. Waqas Nawaz
Pakistan's livestock sector contributes significantly to the economy and rural incomes, but animal production is low due to feed deficiencies. The major feed resources in Pakistan are crop residues, grazing lands, cultivated fodders, and cereal/legume byproducts. There are over 200 feed mills, but few produce compound feed. The feed industry operates below capacity due to issues like poor storage leading to damaged crops. Challenges facing the industry include a lack of investment, modern technology, and support from the government.
The document discusses quality measures across the Indian dairy supply chain. It notes that India has over 350 million smallholder dairy farmers and is the world's largest milk producer. However, quality issues exist such as high bacterial loads and antibiotic residues in raw milk. The document outlines various contamination risks and control measures at the farm, collection, processing, storage, and transport stages. These include animal health protocols, clean milking practices, quality testing of raw milk, use of quality management systems like HACCP, and support services to promote clean milk production. The overall aim is to provide safe, high-quality dairy products to consumers while addressing challenges across the complex dairy production chain in India.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on December 13, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
The document discusses cattle breeds found in India. It classifies them based on utility into milk, dual-purpose and draught breeds. It then describes the key physical characteristics and performance of popular breeds like Sahiwal, Gir, Hariana, Kankrej, Hallikar and Kangayam. These breeds are classified into 5 groups based on physical features. The document provides details of 19 native zebu cattle breeds of India, their origins, characteristics and status.
This document provides an overview of feed milling technology. It discusses the roles of the nutritionist, engineer, and process technologist in feed mill design and operation. It describes key aspects of the feed milling process like batch weighing, grinding, mixing, pelleting, and cooling. Important considerations for selecting machinery like grinders, mixers, and pellet mills are outlined. The document aims to help readers understand the technical aspects of designing and running an efficient feed production system.
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials from Navadhane-Global Agro commodity &...Karthikeyan Dhanushkodi
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials- All type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals,Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
-All raw materials for Animal Feed
-Oil Cakes and Oil meal: Soybean Meal, Ground Nut de oiled cake, Cotton Seed Meal, Rape seed Meal, Castor Seed Meal, Mustard de Oiled Cake and etc
-Feed of animal origin: Fish Meal, Meat Bone, Silkworm Pupae and etc.
-Cereal and grains, By-products, Minerals and vitamins and Feed additives etc.
We supply all type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals, Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
Layer poultry farming involves raising egg-laying chickens commercially for egg production. It is gaining popularity in India due to lower costs and growing egg demand. The key states for layer farming are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Maharashtra, and Punjab. Layer farming provides benefits such as rapid returns, continuous income source, and use of agricultural byproducts as feed. Proper farm management is required to maximize egg production over the layers' lifespan from 18-78 weeks of age. India is the third largest egg producer globally but still has opportunities for growth as per capita consumption is still lower than developed countries.
If your are an Entrepreneur or wish to profit from a burgeoning trend in Rural India, then this industry maybe the right one for you.Also help farmers achieve higher yields from low investments.
The document provides information on the current status of the poultry industry globally and in India. Some key points:
- Globally, poultry meat production is projected to grow 2.3% annually until 2023 to 134.5 million tonnes, making it the largest meat sector.
- In India, the poultry industry contributes Rs. 11 lakh crore annually and is the 3rd largest egg producer and 5th largest broiler meat producer worldwide.
- Telangana is a major poultry producer in India, with an annual broiler production of 20 crore and egg production of 3.2 crore. The industry provides employment and economic opportunities.
This document provides information on buffalo populations and production strategies around the world. It discusses the major buffalo producing regions of Asia, Africa, South America, Europe, and Australia. Specifically:
- Asia is home to over 95% of the world's buffalo population, with India alone containing over half of the global buffalo population. Several high producing dairy breeds originate from India.
- China has a large genetic diversity of swamp buffalo breeds adapted to different climates and environments. The most numerous Chinese breed is the Guizhou mountain breed.
- Egypt contains nearly all of Africa's buffalo population, which is used mainly for draught power and meat production.
- South America's buffalo population
This document discusses cattle fattening in Bangladesh and outlines the key factors for a successful fattening farm project. It recommends selecting crossbred cattle between 1.5-3 years of age and constructing housing that is on high land, away from residences with good ventilation. A sample 20-cow fattening project is estimated to cost 37.9 lakh taka over 3 months, including costs for cattle, feed, labor, electricity and depreciation. The project is estimated to generate a net income of over 1.2 lakh taka over 3 months from selling fattened cattle and cow dung. Success depends on selecting suitable breeds, balanced diets, proper housing and management practices.
This document discusses procurement and sampling of animal feed units. It outlines that procurement involves acquiring goods and services at the best cost while meeting quality and quantity needs. Safety of animal feed is the primary objective to minimize health risks. Feeds and ingredients should come from safe sources and be stored and transported properly to prevent contamination. Critical control points should be identified and monitored according to hazard analysis principles. Samples should be taken randomly and representatively from feeds and sent for analysis of nutrients, pathogens, toxins and other undesirable substances. Key components analyzed include dry matter, proteins, fibers and energy content.
Dairy Farm, How to start a Dairy Farming Business. Dairy Farming & Milk Production is a huge Potential Business in India
Dairy farming provides an excellent opportunity for self-employment of unemployed youth. It is also an important source of income generation to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. Since agriculture is mostly seasonal, there is a possibility of finding employment throughout the year for many persons through dairy farming. Landless labourers. The white revolution of 70’s had made spectacular land marks in Indian milk production scenario. India is the largest milk producer of the world. The increasing cost of feed ingredients and its seasonal variability can be reduced by undertaking fodder cultivation.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
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How to Start Dairy Farming and Manufacture of Milk Products ( Butter, Cheese,...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Dietary habits of people have changed over the last few decades. Growing consciousness for protein rich food has given an impetus to both the dairy industry and poultry farming. Today, the dairy industry is a large organized sector with both private and government participation whereas poultry farming has indicated a rapid growth of 20% in the past few decades as well. Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India today.
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How to Start Dairy Farming and Manufacture of Milk Products, Book on Dairy and Poultry Industries, Book on Dairy Farming and Processing, feed manufacturing process, Broiler Feeds, Modern Breeds of Broiler Chicken, Breeding and Fertility, Milking Parlours and Cowsheds, Manufacture of Butter and Cheese, Milk Production and per capita availability of Milk in India, Per capita availability of Milk by States, Are you ready for Dairy Farming Business?, Uses of Milk, Buffalo breeds in India, Bulls, Cows and How to Breed Cattle, Business consultancy, Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm to Produce Milk, Dairy Business, dairy farm management, Dairy Farming a lucrative business in India, dairy farming business plan, dairy farming business plan pdf, Dairy Farming in India, Dairy Industry, Dairy Equipment, Milk Processing, Dairy Production, Dairy production and products: Milk composition, Do you think Dairy Farming Profitable?, nurturing, breeding of cows, fully automated international standards dairy plant, fully automatic milking machines, Fully-Automated Dairy Farm in India, Getting Started in Small-Scale Dairy Farming, Green milk, Hand milking process, how to start a cattle breeding business?, How to Start a Cattle Farming Business?, How to start a successful Dairy business, how to start breeding cattle, How to Start Dairy Cow Farming Business?, How to Start Dairy Farm in India?, how to start dairy farming business, India Dairy Farming, India Dairy Products Industry Outlook, Indian cattle breeds, Indian cow breeds pdf, Indian dairy industry statistics, Indian dairy market, Is the dairy business (cow milk farm) profitable?, market size of dairy industry in India, medium-scale dairy farms, milk dairy farm business plan, Milking Procedures, modern dairy farm, Profitability and Efficiency of Dairy Farm, profitable small and cottage scale industries, Rotary Parlors milking, Running a Small Scale Dairy, Setting up and opening your Dairy Business, Setting up of Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farming plant, small dairy farm business plan, Small scale Commercial Milk Dairy, Small-Scale Dairy: The Complete Guide to Milk Production, Start your own dairy business, The composition of Cow's Milk, what is a dairy farm, profitability of a cow dairy farm, Why Dairy Farming in India?, Milk Pasteurization, Manufacture of Ice Cream, Butter manufacturing, Poultry Production
The document discusses feeding and evaluating the nutrient content of cow feed. It outlines several key points:
1) Effective feeding is important to maintain cow fertility, production and profitability. Feeds must meet cow requirements for energy and nutrients.
2) Feed samples should be taken and tested to determine nutrient composition, including dry matter, protein, fiber and energy levels. Factors like weather and quality can impact nutrient content.
3) Various methods are used to analyze feeds chemically and determine digestibility, including proximate analysis, Van Soest method, and digestibility trials using nylon bags or artificial rumens. This helps evaluate the quality and energy value of different feeds.
Bovine mastitis due to Milking machine Azam Mughal
The document discusses standardized milking procedures for both hand milking and machine milking, outlining key steps to properly milk cows and ensure udder health such as cleaning the udder, using premilking dips, properly attaching and removing teat cups, and dipping teats after milking. It also examines how milking machines and hand milking can impact mastitis rates, discussing factors like teat end trauma, contamination risks, and machine maintenance.
India ranks first in milk production globally, producing over 32 million liters per day. Gujarat has an annual milk production of 248 million liters per day, with a per capita availability of 435 grams per day. Milk and milk products play a vital role in India's economy, contributing over $105 billion annually. India's dairy industry is dominated by buffaloes, which produce 55% of the country's milk, followed by cows at 40%. The top five milk producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, and Gujarat.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
Austin presentation to fara workshop 10 February 2012ACIAR
This document provides information about ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) and its engagement with agriculture in Africa. It discusses how ACIAR funds agricultural research projects in developing countries to improve productivity. In Africa, ACIAR has focused on projects in Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa related to crops, livestock, and markets. It established the Australian International Food Security Centre to further support agriculture and food security goals in Africa through research partnerships. The Centre aims to tackle food challenges in Africa by linking Australian expertise with in-country partners.
In this presentation you will get
1) Project Report of Dairy Farming
2) Layout Planning and infrastructure development
3) Animal Sourcing
4) Dairy Farm Machinery
5) Herd Management solutions
Feed Mill Industry in Bangladesh: A Recent Survey in 2018Mufazzal Emon
The survey found that there are currently 129 active feed mills in Bangladesh, with 96 registered and 33 unregistered. Dhaka division has the most active registered feed mills at 46. While 198 feed mills are registered total, 102 are currently inactive. The business areas of unregistered mills are confined to 2-3 districts within the same division. The top 15 feed mills account for over 70% of the market share in Bangladesh. Overall the feed industry in Bangladesh is competitive but there is opportunity to establish more mills in divisions like Sylhet that currently have none.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
present status of pakistan feed industry and its problems-pptDr. Waqas Nawaz
Pakistan's livestock sector contributes significantly to the economy and rural incomes, but animal production is low due to feed deficiencies. The major feed resources in Pakistan are crop residues, grazing lands, cultivated fodders, and cereal/legume byproducts. There are over 200 feed mills, but few produce compound feed. The feed industry operates below capacity due to issues like poor storage leading to damaged crops. Challenges facing the industry include a lack of investment, modern technology, and support from the government.
The document discusses quality measures across the Indian dairy supply chain. It notes that India has over 350 million smallholder dairy farmers and is the world's largest milk producer. However, quality issues exist such as high bacterial loads and antibiotic residues in raw milk. The document outlines various contamination risks and control measures at the farm, collection, processing, storage, and transport stages. These include animal health protocols, clean milking practices, quality testing of raw milk, use of quality management systems like HACCP, and support services to promote clean milk production. The overall aim is to provide safe, high-quality dairy products to consumers while addressing challenges across the complex dairy production chain in India.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on December 13, 2018 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
The document discusses cattle breeds found in India. It classifies them based on utility into milk, dual-purpose and draught breeds. It then describes the key physical characteristics and performance of popular breeds like Sahiwal, Gir, Hariana, Kankrej, Hallikar and Kangayam. These breeds are classified into 5 groups based on physical features. The document provides details of 19 native zebu cattle breeds of India, their origins, characteristics and status.
This document provides an overview of feed milling technology. It discusses the roles of the nutritionist, engineer, and process technologist in feed mill design and operation. It describes key aspects of the feed milling process like batch weighing, grinding, mixing, pelleting, and cooling. Important considerations for selecting machinery like grinders, mixers, and pellet mills are outlined. The document aims to help readers understand the technical aspects of designing and running an efficient feed production system.
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials from Navadhane-Global Agro commodity &...Karthikeyan Dhanushkodi
Animal Feed Ingredients/Raw Materials- All type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals,Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
-All raw materials for Animal Feed
-Oil Cakes and Oil meal: Soybean Meal, Ground Nut de oiled cake, Cotton Seed Meal, Rape seed Meal, Castor Seed Meal, Mustard de Oiled Cake and etc
-Feed of animal origin: Fish Meal, Meat Bone, Silkworm Pupae and etc.
-Cereal and grains, By-products, Minerals and vitamins and Feed additives etc.
We supply all type of raw materials for Poultry Feed, Cattle Feed, Fish Feed, Shrimp Feed and other special Feed-Cereals, Millets and Grains, Cakes and Oil meal, Flour, Feed of animal origin, By-Products and much more.
Layer poultry farming involves raising egg-laying chickens commercially for egg production. It is gaining popularity in India due to lower costs and growing egg demand. The key states for layer farming are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Maharashtra, and Punjab. Layer farming provides benefits such as rapid returns, continuous income source, and use of agricultural byproducts as feed. Proper farm management is required to maximize egg production over the layers' lifespan from 18-78 weeks of age. India is the third largest egg producer globally but still has opportunities for growth as per capita consumption is still lower than developed countries.
If your are an Entrepreneur or wish to profit from a burgeoning trend in Rural India, then this industry maybe the right one for you.Also help farmers achieve higher yields from low investments.
The document provides information on the current status of the poultry industry globally and in India. Some key points:
- Globally, poultry meat production is projected to grow 2.3% annually until 2023 to 134.5 million tonnes, making it the largest meat sector.
- In India, the poultry industry contributes Rs. 11 lakh crore annually and is the 3rd largest egg producer and 5th largest broiler meat producer worldwide.
- Telangana is a major poultry producer in India, with an annual broiler production of 20 crore and egg production of 3.2 crore. The industry provides employment and economic opportunities.
This document provides information on buffalo populations and production strategies around the world. It discusses the major buffalo producing regions of Asia, Africa, South America, Europe, and Australia. Specifically:
- Asia is home to over 95% of the world's buffalo population, with India alone containing over half of the global buffalo population. Several high producing dairy breeds originate from India.
- China has a large genetic diversity of swamp buffalo breeds adapted to different climates and environments. The most numerous Chinese breed is the Guizhou mountain breed.
- Egypt contains nearly all of Africa's buffalo population, which is used mainly for draught power and meat production.
- South America's buffalo population
This document discusses cattle fattening in Bangladesh and outlines the key factors for a successful fattening farm project. It recommends selecting crossbred cattle between 1.5-3 years of age and constructing housing that is on high land, away from residences with good ventilation. A sample 20-cow fattening project is estimated to cost 37.9 lakh taka over 3 months, including costs for cattle, feed, labor, electricity and depreciation. The project is estimated to generate a net income of over 1.2 lakh taka over 3 months from selling fattened cattle and cow dung. Success depends on selecting suitable breeds, balanced diets, proper housing and management practices.
This document discusses procurement and sampling of animal feed units. It outlines that procurement involves acquiring goods and services at the best cost while meeting quality and quantity needs. Safety of animal feed is the primary objective to minimize health risks. Feeds and ingredients should come from safe sources and be stored and transported properly to prevent contamination. Critical control points should be identified and monitored according to hazard analysis principles. Samples should be taken randomly and representatively from feeds and sent for analysis of nutrients, pathogens, toxins and other undesirable substances. Key components analyzed include dry matter, proteins, fibers and energy content.
Dairy Farm, How to start a Dairy Farming Business. Dairy Farming & Milk Production is a huge Potential Business in India
Dairy farming provides an excellent opportunity for self-employment of unemployed youth. It is also an important source of income generation to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. Since agriculture is mostly seasonal, there is a possibility of finding employment throughout the year for many persons through dairy farming. Landless labourers. The white revolution of 70’s had made spectacular land marks in Indian milk production scenario. India is the largest milk producer of the world. The increasing cost of feed ingredients and its seasonal variability can be reduced by undertaking fodder cultivation.
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How to Start Dairy Farming and Manufacture of Milk Products ( Butter, Cheese,...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Dietary habits of people have changed over the last few decades. Growing consciousness for protein rich food has given an impetus to both the dairy industry and poultry farming. Today, the dairy industry is a large organized sector with both private and government participation whereas poultry farming has indicated a rapid growth of 20% in the past few decades as well. Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India today.
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The document discusses feeding and evaluating the nutrient content of cow feed. It outlines several key points:
1) Effective feeding is important to maintain cow fertility, production and profitability. Feeds must meet cow requirements for energy and nutrients.
2) Feed samples should be taken and tested to determine nutrient composition, including dry matter, protein, fiber and energy levels. Factors like weather and quality can impact nutrient content.
3) Various methods are used to analyze feeds chemically and determine digestibility, including proximate analysis, Van Soest method, and digestibility trials using nylon bags or artificial rumens. This helps evaluate the quality and energy value of different feeds.
Bovine mastitis due to Milking machine Azam Mughal
The document discusses standardized milking procedures for both hand milking and machine milking, outlining key steps to properly milk cows and ensure udder health such as cleaning the udder, using premilking dips, properly attaching and removing teat cups, and dipping teats after milking. It also examines how milking machines and hand milking can impact mastitis rates, discussing factors like teat end trauma, contamination risks, and machine maintenance.
India ranks first in milk production globally, producing over 32 million liters per day. Gujarat has an annual milk production of 248 million liters per day, with a per capita availability of 435 grams per day. Milk and milk products play a vital role in India's economy, contributing over $105 billion annually. India's dairy industry is dominated by buffaloes, which produce 55% of the country's milk, followed by cows at 40%. The top five milk producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, and Gujarat.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
Austin presentation to fara workshop 10 February 2012ACIAR
This document provides information about ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) and its engagement with agriculture in Africa. It discusses how ACIAR funds agricultural research projects in developing countries to improve productivity. In Africa, ACIAR has focused on projects in Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa related to crops, livestock, and markets. It established the Australian International Food Security Centre to further support agriculture and food security goals in Africa through research partnerships. The Centre aims to tackle food challenges in Africa by linking Australian expertise with in-country partners.
Getaw Tadesse
POLICY SEMINAR
Taking Stock of Africa’s Agrifood Processing Sector
Key findings of the 2022 ReSAKSS Annual Trends and Outlook Report on Agrifood Processing Strategies for Successful Food Systems Transformation in Africa
Co-organized by IFPRI and Akademiya2063
FEB 9, 2023 - 8:00 TO 9:30AM EST
The 10th African Dairy Conference and Exhibition was held in Nairobi, Kenya from September 24-26, 2014. The conference brought together dairy stakeholders from across Africa to discuss opportunities and challenges facing the industry. Key topics included increasing milk production through better adoption of technology, addressing issues like market access and farm inputs, and developing policies to promote regional trade. Speakers emphasized the potential for dairy to reduce poverty and drive economic growth if production and efficiency are increased to meet international standards and demand.
Testing and delivering tropically-adapted chickens for productivity growth i...ILRI
This document describes testing and delivering tropically-adapted chickens for productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the proven technology of breeding, brooding, feeding and vaccinating farmer-preferred chicken strains. Implementation involves engaging partners, conducting innovation platforms, training, and data collection on farms and research stations. Key stakeholders collaborate through the African Chicken Genetic Gains program. Scaling the technology requires minimizing risks, providing appropriate inputs, markets, knowledge, a proven and profitable design suited to agro-ecologies, and affordability. The approach aims to improve incomes, employment, nutrition, and engage women and youth.
This document summarizes conservation agriculture projects and activities in Zimbabwe. It provides statistics on the increasing adoption of conservation agriculture from 2006 to 2015. While yields have increased for small-scale farmers using conservation agriculture, challenges remain around weed management, crop rotation, and residue management. New projects are working to address these challenges through the introduction of 2-wheel tractors, crop-livestock integration, climate adaptation, and strengthening private sector supply chains. The document outlines the objectives, activities, and emerging issues identified for several conservation agriculture and climate smart agriculture projects in Zimbabwe.
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in East Africa focus on dairyILRI
The document discusses opportunities for sustainable dairy development in East Africa through the work of ILRI and its partners.
ILRI's mission is to improve food security and reduce poverty through research on sustainable livestock use. ILRI is conducting research in East Africa to unleash the dairy potential, such as integrated projects in Tanzania (Maziwa Zaidi) and a genetic gains platform (ADGG) in Tanzania and Ethiopia. These projects package profitable and sustainable technologies while building capacity of agribusinesses.
Lessons so far indicate that linkages with agri-entrepreneurs show more promise for technology uptake and productivity gains compared to new farmer groups. Structured skills training and ICT provide opportunities to
Sustainable intensification and climate change: An EARS-CGIAR Mega-program in...ILRI
Presented by Barry Shapiro (ILRI) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Sustainable Intensification of Maize-Legume Cropping Systems for Food Securit...FMNR Hub
SIMLESA is a project aimed at sustainably intensifying maize and legume production in Eastern and Southern Africa through conservation agriculture practices and improved varieties. Over its first 5 years, SIMLESA worked with national agricultural research partners in 5 countries to test promising cropping systems, increase the availability of improved seeds, and build regional innovation systems. Key lessons included the need to link smallholder farms to domestic and international value chains, engage agribusiness, and integrate value chain, technology, capacity building and policy work through innovation platforms. Sustainable intensification requires systems research, innovation systems bridging research and scaling, attention to policies and partnerships, and strong monitoring and evaluation of impact.
This document summarizes four presentations from a side event at CFS 43 on adopting new technologies to improve food security and agriculture. The first presentation discussed using spectral methods to rapidly diagnose soil micronutrient deficiencies in Africa. The second presented a pilot project in Somalia that combines basic research capacity building with farmer participation. The third discussed how the Tanzania Horticultural Association encourages farmers in Zanzibar to adopt innovations like drip irrigation, greenhouses, and solar pumps. The final presentation was about the GloCal nutrition project, which uses educational videos and mobile apps to promote maternal and child nutrition in Kenya.
The document summarizes experiences from the African Forum for Agricultural Advisory Services (AFAAS). It discusses how agricultural extension and advisory services (AEAS) in Africa have evolved from a traditional focus on technology transfer to facilitating innovation systems and supporting farmers' organizations. It outlines challenges faced by national AEAS and reforms underway, such as decentralization and pluralism. The document also reviews evidence that extension can significantly and positively impact knowledge, adoption and productivity when effective policies support well-organized extension systems. Finally, it provides examples of AFAAS's work strengthening country forums and networks and building partnerships around advisory services in Africa.
The Africa RISING Program is a 10-year research program funded by USAID to promote sustainable agricultural intensification in Africa. It consists of four projects across West Africa, East/Southern Africa, and the Ethiopian Highlands working on mixed crop-livestock systems. The program involves over 100 partner institutions and aims to improve food security and reduce poverty through action research, dissemination of technologies, and multi-stakeholder platforms. An external review recommended extending the program into a second phase with a continued focus on research, partnerships, capacity building, and scaling of technologies.
Speakers: Gaoussou Traore and Erika Styger
Title: Improving and Scaling Up SRI in West Africa - A Success Story
Date: September 15, 2015
Venue: SRI-Rice Seminar Series, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Roles of Commodities in Poverty Alleviation and Strengthening Landscape Manag...CIFOR-ICRAF
Prof. Dr. Bustanul Arifin
Professor of Agricultural Economics and UNILA
Board of Founders and Senior Economist with INDEF
Chairman, Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics
The Case for Capacity Building: Towards Agricultural Development in AfricaRUFORUM
The document discusses the need to build agricultural capacity in Africa through higher education. It outlines challenges like limited funding for post-graduate training and an aging population of agricultural scientists. The RUFORUM model aims to address these challenges by training graduate students through regional universities and research partnerships. Some successes include over 600 graduates trained and technologies deployed. Opportunities for partnerships between RUFORUM universities and Australian universities are proposed to further scale programs and research addressing smallholder farmer needs.
Presentation by Silvanus Mruma about the peculiarities of NAFAKA phase II project. This presentation was made at the the annual review and planning meeting for the Africa RISING - NAFAKA project on 26 - 27 June 2018.
Sasakawa-Africa Association/ Global 2000 SG 2000 Agricultural Program in Afri...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The Sasakawa-Africa Association (SAA) works to improve food security and increase prosperity for smallholder farmers in Africa. SAA's vision is a food-secure rural Africa with prospering smallholder commercial farmers. Its mission is to transform African agricultural extension services to address food security and provide economic benefits to smallholder farmers through agricultural value chains. SAA operates in 15 African countries and has 60 professional staff working on programs focused on improving crop productivity, post-harvest processing, public-private partnerships, human resource development, and monitoring and evaluation. SAA receives funding from private foundations, national governments, development organizations, and the private sector.
Similar to Proven dairy technologies for smallholder and medium scale market-oriented dairy systems (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Proven dairy technologies for smallholder and medium scale market-oriented dairy systems
1. Proven dairy technologies for smallholder and
medium scale market-oriented dairy systems
Kwaku Agyemang, FAO Consultant
FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock
Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
2. RECAP OF WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES AS
RELATED TO THE DAIRY PRESENTATION
Introduction
• A three-day training workshop bringing together livestock farmers,
processors and marketers belonging to various Associations in eight
countries under the umbrella of the East Africa Farmers Federation .
• The main objective is to train actors in the dairy sectors in livestock-
based technologies, and to share experiences in technology use and
uptake
• The training workshop will focus on ILRI generated scalable
technologies improved dairy production and proven management
practices.
• The Presentation deals with dairying, research and field trials and
interventions that were carried out by various ILRI programs in East
and West Africa, upon which basis the dairy technologies were
developed and introduced to farmers and processors
3. Order of Presentation of course
materials/information
A: Background and Context
• Why should the dairy sectors receive interventions/improvements with
technologies and policies/strategies?
• What have the dairy sectors/industries been like in the past, prior to
interventions
• In which/what systems are dairying taking place
• Bottlenecks, constraints and challenges in the systems
• Addressing bottle necks and constraints: towards the development of
technologies
• Examples of pre-technology interventions, and response to interventions
4. Order of Presentation of course
materials/information
B: Three ILRI/Partners Proven Technologies in support of
Dairying in Eastern Africa with emphasis on Kenya
The proven Technologies
Stakeholders
Commercial Aspects of the Technologies
Gender and Youth roles
Known challenges with technologies
Key Lessons to consider for scaling the Technology
5. In Brief: Just in case we are not able to go
through all slides
Will tell you about a few technologies ILRI/ILCA developed or fine-tuned
A brief history of how the technologies came into being
Give a few examples of the data used to formulate technologies and how
these give some level of confidence in the use of the technologies
Refer to some farmers in Central and Western Kenya who used the
technologies
What ILRI learnt from the adoption studies on these technologies
Resources available
• This Power Presentation will be available to all Participants
• A comprehensive Lecture Notes from which the Presentation
was made will be available to all Participants
6. WHY INTERVENTIONS IN THE DAIRY
SECTORS IN EASTERN AFRICA
Dairy sectors crucial for development and employment
• In some countries in the region (Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda)
dairy sectors contribute substantially to Agricultural GDP, and provide significant
employment.
• Poverty reduction in some countries
• Food and Nutrition security from consumption of milk and
dairy products in all countries
• East Africa is the leading first milk producing region in Africa,
• Dairying one of the fastest growing agriculture sub-sectors in
East African countries
7. WHY INTERVENTIONS IN THE DAIRY
SECTORS IN EASTERN AFRICA
• Eastern Africa is a prime example of where the
Concept of value addition has been successful
• Intra-regional trade in dairying is slowly rising, in-
spite of it being essentially domestic enterprises
• Dairying sectors forging Regional Integration----
common policies being developed
• Despite these positive developments in the region
there exists serious bottlenecks and constraints in
the Sector
8. HOW HAVE DAIRYING DEVELOPMENT BEEN
LIKE AS SECTORS OR SUBSECTORS
PASTORAL SYSTEMS:
• Rely on local genotypes generally not really improved for dairy
production, example Zebu cattle as found in Maasai herds in Kenya.
• Feeding and watering systems based on trekking long distances, looking
for feeds/forages as found in rangelands. Rarely or only infrequent diet
supplementation with processed or compounded feeds:
• Animal Health: Minimal health inputs, often applied without
standardized dosage, application of local traditional medications of no
quantified benefits
• Products processing: Basic. Mainly based on souring and fermentation at
household level
• Marketing/Distribution: Exchanges with local communities, minimal
collection for sale to commercial concerns
9. BOTTLENECKS/CONSTRAINTS/CHALLENGES
IN THE DAIRY SYSTEMS
The bottlenecks, constraints and challenges usually
manifest themselves in
Low rate of processing capacity utilization
Low demand for processed dairy products, notably
pasteurized milk
Limited diversification
High cost of production
Seasonal fluctuation—seasonal shortages
Poor milk quality limits volume of processed milk products
(milk powder, sour milk
10. BOTTLENECKS/CONSTRAINTS/CHALLENGES
IN THE DAIRY SYSTEMS
The bottlenecks, constraints and challenges usually
manifest themselves in
Low productivity of 0.5 litre to 3 litres of daily milk
offtake from local breeds of cattle and 3-5 litres from
improved breeds
Poor infrastructure
Low use of technologies
Absence or inadequate private sector participation in
formulating and implementation of economic and sectoral
policies
11. TECHNOLOGIES NEEDED BUT HOW DO
THEY COME ABOUT?
Technologies are often developed from scratch based on extensive research
and field trials
or
Adapted from existing technologies from elsewhere ,and used after
modifications based on field trials:
• Confidence in Technologies often depends on the manner in which they
were developed, the quality of information collected and the reliability
on field testing results
• Effectiveness of Technologies often depend on the range of
environments where the research trials took place or where
technologies were tested for adaptation.
12. DAIRY AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES AS ONE OF THE AVENUES
OF ADDRESSING BOTTLENECKS AND CONSTRAINTS
APPROACHES TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
Research
Experimentations
Field trials and testing
Response Studies
Community participation
Financial and economic evaluations of interventions
13. In the Beginning, ILCA (ILRI) created a Conceptual
Framework for Dairy Reseach and Development
Objectives: The broad objective of research conducted within this framework is to
identify and act upon relevant researchable issues and improvement options to
promote the development of the dairy sector in sub-Saharan Africa. The specific
objectives are to:
• Understand the evolution and development trends of dairy systems
• Characterise existing dairy systems
• Identify constraints and opportunities, and prioritise the researchable issues for
improvement of dairy systems
• Develop and test cost-efficient technologies/components for
improvment of dairy systems
• Develop policy strategies to support efficient dairy systems
• Make impact on NARS dairy systems research programmes through the
development of methodologies and tools, including models, that could be used
by them.
14.
15. EXAMPLES OF INTERVENTIONS LEADING TO TECHNOLOGY
FORMULATION : West Africa Experiences
WEST AFRICA EXPERIENCE:
Establishing the Baselines: Surveys, Monitoring
Breed System of
Production/Co
untry
Milk
offtake*
(kg)
Milk yield
(kg)
Lactation
length
(days)
Average yield or
offtake per day
(kg)
Zebu
White Fulani
(Bunaji)
Station/Nigeria 627 194 3.23
" " 1034 245 4.22
" Settled
Pastoral/Nigeri
a
234 -
" " 286 -
Sudanese Fulani Pastoral/Mali 219 - 330 0.66
" Station/Mali 522
Sokoto Gudali Station/Nigeria - 1289 294 4.38
16. EXAMPLES OF INTERVENTIONS LEADING TO TECHNOLOGY
FORMULATION : West Africa Experiences
Establishing the baseline (Continued)
IT IS CLEAR FROM TABLE THAT FOR INDIGENOUS DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS CONSIDERABLE
VARIATIONS IN MILK YIELD OCCURS. THEREFORE CHOICE OF BREEDS IS CRUCIAL
Wadara Station/Nigeria - 1212 259 4.68
Azawak Station/Burkina
Faso
- 530 158 3.36
Taurines
West African
Dwarf Shorthorn
(Muturu)
Station/Nigeria - 421 216 1.95
Lagune Traditional/Tog
o
295 - 225 1.31
Ghana Shorthorn Station/Ghana - 774 295 2.62
N'Dama (2 x
milking)
Village/Gambia 440 - 434 1.01
N'Dama (1 x
milking)
Village/Gambia 322 - 525 0.61
Kuri
Kuri Station/Nigeria - 1350 300 4.5
Kuri x Wadara Station/Nigeria - 3126 336 9.28
17. FEED AND FEEDING INTERVENTIONS FOR MILKING SYSTEMS
FOR VARIOUS CATTLE GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: RESPONSE STUDIES
System/Location/
Year/Season
Feed type/level
Duratio
n of trial
(wks)
Milk
offtake
(kg/d)
% increase in
milk over level
Previous
Base
Zero-grazed/Bunaji
(full diet)
Ibadan, Nigeria, 1997
(1)
(See Fig. 5.2) ED
Peri-urban/Bunaji
(Supplementation to
communal grazing),
Kaduna, Nigeria, 1997
(2)
(See Fig. 5.1) LD
Zero-grazed/crossbred
(Friesian-Bunaji)
Zaria, Nigeria, 1994 (3)
Mix CSC, DBG,
LH
3.5 kg TDN/d
4.5
5.5
6.5
Mix CSC, DBG,
GH
0 kgTDN/d
1
2
3
4
LH/SS
1 kg LH/d
1.5
2.0
12
weeks
12
weeks
2.1
2.0
3.2
3.0
0.75
1.75
2.30
2.25
2.40
3.45
3.82
4.79
4.93
- -
5 5
56 57
-6 43
- -
130 130
31 206
-2 200
7 220
- -
12 12
25 39
3 43
18. IMPACT OF INCREASED QUANTITY & QUALITY FEEDS
ON MILK YIELDS
IT IS CLEAR FROM TABLE THAT FOR ALL
GENOTYPES OF CATTLE BREEDS USED FOR
MILK PRODUCTION, INCREASES IN MILK
YIELDS RESULTED FROM INTERVENING
WITH SUPERIOR FEEDS, AND GENERALLY
MORE MILK RESULTED FROM MORE OF THE
SUPERIOR FEEDS
19. ANIMAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS: DEWORWING, TICK
CONTROL
System/Location/
Year/Season
Type of
intervention
N
Frequency/
duration of
intervention
MO (kg/mo)
CONT. TRT
MO over
control group
%
Peri-urban/Bunaji
Kaduna, Nigeria, 1995-96
(1) ED/LD/EW/LW
"
"
Peri-urban/Bunaji
Oyo, Nigeria, 1997-8 (2)
ED/LD/EW/LW
Peri-urban/Bunaji,
Zaria, Nigeria, 1997 (3)
LD/EW
Peri-urban/Bunaji,
Zaria, Nigeria, 1998 (3)
LD/EW
Peri-urban/Gobra
St Louis, Senegal, 1998
(4) LD/EW
Peri-urban/Zebu
S-bougou/Mali, 1997 (5)
LD/EW
Helminth control
(Levamisol)
Tick control
(Pour-on
acaricide)
Tick +
Helminth control
(Levamisol)
Helminth control
(Albenzal)
Helminth control
(Banminth-f)
Helminth control
(Banaminth-f)
Helminth control
(Exhelm/Disto)
Helminth control
(Fenbendazole)
20
20
20
18
40
33
30
15
8x/yr
4x/yr
8x, 4/yr
3x/yr
3x/4 mo
3x/4 mo
1x/5 mo
2x/3 mo
22
22
22
20
20
20
5
66
31
28
34
23
19
23
6
93
40
27
54
15
-17
16
10
41
20. IMPACT OF ANIMAL HEALTH & FEEDS INTERVENTIONS
ON MILK PRODUCTION
System/Location/
Year
Type of
intervention†
Frequenc
y/
Duration
of
interventi
on
MO (kg/mo)
CON. TRT
Peri-
urban/Bunaji, §
Oyo, Nigeria,
1997-8
ED/LD/EW/LW
(1)
Peri-urban/Bunaji
Zaria, Nigeria,
1997
LD/EW (2)
Peri-urban/Bunaji
Zaria, (6)
Helminth
control +
feed
supplementat
ion
Helminth
control +
feed
supplementat
ion
§Helminth
control +
Feed
supplementat
3x/yr per
year daily
for 4 mos
3x/4 mo
daily for 4
mos
3x/4 mo
daily for 4
mos
1x/5 mo
daily for 5
mos
20
23
20
5
25
38
32
20
21. IMPACT OF ANIMAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS ON MILK
PRODUCTION
IT IS CLEAR FROM TABLE THAT FOR ALL GENOTYPES OF
CATTLE BREEDS USED FOR MILK PRODUCTION, INCREASES IN
MILK YIELDS RESULTED FROM INTERVENING WITH ANIMAL
HEALTH INPUTS--- DEWORMING, TICK CONTROL.
IT IS CLEAR FROM TABLE THAT FOR ALL GENOTYPES OF
CATTLE BREEDS USED FOR MILK PRODUCTION,
INCREASES IN MILK YIELDS RESULTED FROM
INTERVENING WITH ANIMAL HEALTH INPUTS---
DEWORMING AND WITH FEEDS/FEEDING INTERVENTIONS
BUT ARE THESE PRACTICES PROFITABLE?
22. PROFITABILITY OF FEED AND ANIMAL HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS FOR MILK PRODUCTION
System/Location/Year Type of intervention
Margin in milk
yield+
over untreated
control (l)
Margin in US$
over untreated
control
Benefit:
Cost Ratio
Peri-urban – Bunaji
Oyo, Nigeria, 1997/8
(1)
Peri-urban – Bunaji
Zaria, Nigeria, 1997
(2)
Peri-urban – Bunaji
Zaria, Nigeria, 1998
(2)
Peri-urban – Gobra
St. Louis, Nigeria, 1998
(3)
Peri-urban – Sanga
Accra, Ghana, 1998
(4)
Deworming
Feed supplementation
Deworming + Feed
supplementation
Deworming
Feed supplementation
Deworming + Feed
supplementation
Deworming
Feed supplementation
Deworming + Feed
supplementation
Deworming
Feed supplementation
Deworming + Feed
supplementation
Deworming
Feed supplementation
Deworming + Feed
supplementation
70
36
149
59
61
165
52
127
183
0
92
157
0
41
96
30.60
13.89
67.05
-5.61
18.90
38.15
9.79
21.62
36.26
0
7.30
29.52
0
4.39
4.88
16.5:1
6.3:1
6.2:1
25.3:1
2.8:1
3.2:1
27.7:1
2.7:1
3.0:1
2.9:1
1.6:1
2.2:1
4.5:1
1.4:1
1.3:1
23. PROFITABILITY OF COMBINED
INTERVENTIONS ON MILK PRODUCTION
IT IS CLEAR FROM TABLE THAT FOR ALL
GENOTYPES OF CATTLE BREEDS USED FOR
MILK PRODUCTION, INCREASES IN MILK
YIELDS RESULTED FROM INTERVENING
WITH ANIMAL HEALTH INPUTS---
DEWORMING, TICK CONTROL AND WITH
FEEDS/FEEDING INTERVENTIONS WERE
PROFITABLE WITH FAVOURABLE
BENEFIT:COST RATIO
24. SOME TECHNOLOGIES USED IN ILRI (ILCA)
ENGAGEMENTS WITH FARMERS IN AFRICA
SINGLE TECHNOLOGIES (COMPONENTS)
• Improved genotypes – breeds, crossbreds, composite breeds
• Feeds- forages, concentrates, combinations (supplements, full diets)
• Feeding—practices, frequency
• Milking practices (once, twice, thrice daily, alternates, etc)
• Animal health inputs/interventions--- vaccinations, deworming, tick
control, etc
• Management (housing, milking practices, feeding)
• Value addition- processing, storage, marketing
25. SOME TECHNOLOGIES USED IN ILRI (ILCA)
ENGAGEMENTS WITH FARMERS IN AFRICA
COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES
• Genotype *Feeds
• Genotype*Health
• Feeds*Health
• Genotype*Management
• Genotype*Feed*Health
• Genotype*Health*Management
26. ILRI AND ASSOCIATED PARTNERS PROVEN
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DAIRY SECTORS
A: KEEPING OF IMPROVED CATTLE OR GRADE CATTLE
Improved or Grade cattle have at least 50% exotic dairy genes
Crossbreds OR high grade cattle (cows) required
EXAMPLES OF RESULTS FROM CENTRAL AND WESTERN KENYA
Some results of the application of the technology and their adoption over several
years evaluated in 1996-2000 and 2004.
Younger households started keeping improved cattle
Aging had negative effect on discontinuing grade cattle keeping
Getting more adult members over time has positive effect on starting dairy
farms—illustrating the labour intensity of the activity
Large land size is needed for continuing build up/expanded use of grade cattle
Farmers with low availability of formal milk marketing outlets in their
neighbourhood more likely NOT to keep grade cattle
27. LOOKING AHEAD AND BUILDING ON THE
PAST AND LESSONS LEARNT
A new development by ILRI and Partners, based on the experiences on
testing and evaluating crossbred and grade cattle technologies is the “Dairy
Genetics for Africa” under development.
THE AFRICAN DAIRY GENETIC GAINS PROGRAM:
The African Dairy Genetics Gain program works with small-
scale farmers through partners (notably the Land O’ Lakes PAID
program) to build ICT-based reporting and support systems
which link farmers to sources of improved genetics and provide
information for identifying better adapted genetics. Currently
discussing partnerships to scale-out into additional African
countries
28. ILRI AND ASSOCIATED PARTNERS PROVEN
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DAIRY SECTORS
B:Use of Feed Concentrates for feeding dairy cows
Requires that concentrates form substantial part of cows diets
Concentrates mostly bought from tested commercial sources
Homemade compounded agro-industrial by products may contribute to feeds
Households with more adult members are more likely to start feeding
concentrates, and LESS likely to stop it, reflecting the labour intensive
nature of concentrate feeding.
Increased land size overtime increases the likelihood of NOT feeding
concentrates, suggesting that additional land is used for planted fodder
at the expense of using concentrates
Farmers with low availability of formal marketing outlets in their
neighbourhood are MORE likely NOT to feed concentrates
29. ILRI AND ASSOCIATED PARTNERS PROVEN
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DAIRY SECTORS
C:Plant Fodder for dairy animals feeding
A balanced proportion of grasses and leguminous plants recommended for planting,
depending on other sources of feed available at farm level or for purchase
Most likely grasses include Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureus ) or Brachiara
For legume fodder, Centro (Centrocema pubescens), Green leaf desmodium (Desmodium
intortum), Silver leaf desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum), Glycine (Glycine javanica),
Lucerne or Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Leucaena spp are among the likely candidates
Farmers who start growing fodder are those with less land, suggesting
that under decreasing land availability, farmers find it appropriate to
intensify dairy production by allocating some land to a dairy
specialized crop like Napier grass or Brachiara
Farmers who do NOT keep improved cattle and do NOT grow planted
fodder have lower market access.
30. LOOKING AHEAD AND BUILDING ON THE
PAST AND LESSONS LEARNT
A new development by ILRI and Partners, based on the
experiences on testing and evaluating Napier grass
technologies is the “New Brachiaria varieties for Africa” under
development.
New Brachiaria varieties for Africa
Several varieties of Brachiaria, both local and imported from Latin America
have been tested in different agro-ecological zones in Kenya and Rwanda
with the KALRO and RAB, respectively. Several have proven to be adapted to
drought and low fertility soils. By increasing forage availability by up to
three months in the dry season, milk production increases between 15 and
50%, and live weight gains of over 50% in young cattle have been achieved.
These varieties are now being tested in Mali with interest in Cameroon
31. MULTI-COMPONENT TECHNOLOGIES IN
DAIRY SECTORS
D: COMBINATION OF KEEPING Crossbred/grade/improved
genotypes, feeding of concentrates and planting of improved
fodder for feeding of milking animals
• A technology consisting of the three aforementioned
technologies was also introduced to farmers as a total
package. Health interventions were also part of the package
in many instances.
• The requirements of each of the single
technologies may jointly apply in full or in modified
forms
32. TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION
STRATEGY : PRACTICAL STEPS
The STEPS include:
• Communicate: communication about the technology and what it seeks to address
• Identify key persons and partner institutions to lead the change sought by the
technology
• Document the path which the technology will take to bring the required change
• Assemble teams including community leaders that would ensure that the new
technology is smoothly integrated into the dairy operations and farming systems
Ensure that the core teams to introduce the technology are well versed in the
background data/ information that prompted the development of the
technology.
• Put together the right team and work plans for introducing the technology the
right timing that fits the routines and right calendar seasons must be identified
before the actual on-the-field events.
33. STEPS USED IN DEVELOPING CROSSBRED
COWS AND DISTRIBUTION TO FARMERS
The Gambia Peri-Urban Dairy Scheme:
The Lead Institution (ITC) with partners developed nucleus herd of N’Dama
cattle females and inseminated them with Friesian and Jersey semen to
produce F1s, preceded by communication. Management regimes were
defined and documented. Milk production and reproduction performance
among F1 females monitored and evaluated by teams. Process repeated
under smallholder farm conditions to produce crossbreds, with training for
farmers. Performance at farm level monitored, and technology fine-tuned.
The Malawi smallholder dairy scheme:
The initial provision of crossbred heifers and cows in first lactation to smallholder farmers in selected
provinces followed a process of Government run research and multiplication stations undertaking the actual
crossbreeding programme.
The products (crossbred and composite cows) were then made available to smallholder dairy farmers, after
undergoing the minimum required training in animal husbandry and improved management practices.
34. STAKEHOLDERS FOR A TYPICAL DAIRY TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT , DISSEMINATION, MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
For technologies in the dairy sectors the stakeholders will include all the
actors in the continuum: Technology generators to consumers of milk and
dairy products. These include
Research/Development Institutions and Partners
Producers and their Communities and Associations or Cooperatives
Processors and their Communities and Associations or Cooperatives
Marketers and their Communities and Associations or Cooperatives
Government/County Regulators
State/County/Local level government Revenue operators
Consumers and Associations
Donors/Development Partners
35. KNOWN CHALLENGES
Crossbred/High grade cattle:
• Production of crossbreds must initially be done by Government sub-vented
institutions or private sector. This is tedious slow process, even with technologic
advancement
• Keeping and managing crossbreds at farm levels require special skills, often not
possessed by many farmers
Concentrates use
• Manufacturing of concentrates pose challenges to actors in the chain, particularly
with the often non-availability of ingredients for production
• Use of concentrates at farm level is labour intensive
Fodder/Forage Planting and Use
• Difficulties in finding adaptable productive varieties
• Low market development for forages
36. COMMERCIALIZATION ASPECTS OF THE
THREE DAIRY TECHNOLOGIES
Genotype-based: Keeping improved/high grade cattle for production
• Production and Multiplication of crossbred cows and service bulls, and
associated Artificial Insemination services. Private sector involvement
emerging
• Improved cattle induced increased milk production creating collection,
storage, processing, transportation and marketing services
Concentrate feeding Technology
• Small scale, medium and large scale feed manufacturers
• Bulk transporters
• Ingredients and other input suppliers (producers/importers)
37. COMMERCIALIZATION ASPECTS OF THE
THREE DAIRY TECHNOLOGIES
Cultivating Fodder/Forage Technology
Farm Producers
Road side harvesters
Packers/Bailers
Traders/ Marketers
Transporters
38. DAIRY VALUE CHAINS IN EASTERN AFRICA:
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Pursue joint regional investment promotion strategies to expand regional
capabilities in manufacturing of exportable dairy products.
• Improve relationships between processing plants and farmers, to
encourage more farmers to sell to plants.
• Train and license milk collectors to improve quality of milk supplied to
processors.
• Improve collaboration between public and private stakeholders, and
relationships between these and the international development
programmes.
• Prioritise facilitating regional trade and exports from the region, given the
binding constraint of weak domestic ability to pay for higher-value products.
40. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
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