The document summarizes the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP), which is the set of communication protocols used for the Internet and similar networks. It consists of four layers - link, internet, transport, and application layers. Some important protocols included in each layer are IP, TCP, UDP, and higher-level protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP. The TCP/IP model uses encapsulation, adding headers at each layer to abstract the protocols and allow communication across networks.
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
In this ppt, we try to cover basic concept of TCP/IP model. Also we have added how to capture IP Packet. Working of OSI Layers. Also try to cover Packet of Ethernet Frame. PDU = Protocol Data Unit. Cover the difference between Packet and Frames in TCP/IP
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
In this ppt, we try to cover basic concept of TCP/IP model. Also we have added how to capture IP Packet. Working of OSI Layers. Also try to cover Packet of Ethernet Frame. PDU = Protocol Data Unit. Cover the difference between Packet and Frames in TCP/IP
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, d.pdfeyebolloptics
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, dig, nslookup, route, host,
hostname.
2). Explain briefly about TCP/IP and its Protocol Architecture.
3) Explain the difference between TCP/IP Protocol stack and OSI model.
Solution
Answer:
1) Ipconfig
Ipconfig is an MS-DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and an MS-DOS shell to display
the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to
verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings.
Ping
Ping is one of the most commonly used network commands that allows you to ping another
network IP address. Pinging another address helps determine if the network card can
communicate within the local network or outside network.
Netstat
The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
Nslookup
The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to do a reverse lookup on an IP address of a
domain or host on a network.
Route
The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer\'s route table.
traceroute
The tracert command in MS-DOS and Windows (known as traceroute in Unix-like operating
systems) is a useful tool for diagnosing network issues. It allows you to view a listing of how a
network packet travels through the network and where it may fail or slow down. Using this
information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other network device possibly
causing your network issues.
host
solves a host name into an Internet Protocol (IP) address or an IP address into a host name.
the hostname command is used to show or set a computer\'s host name and domain name. It is
one of the most basic of the network administrative utilities.
A host name is a name that is assigned to a host (i.e., a computer connected to the network) that
uniquely identifies it on a network and thus allows it to be addressed without using its full IP
address. Domain names are user-friendly substitutes for numeric IP addresses.
The basic syntax for the hostname command is
hostname [options] [new_host_name]
2)TCP/IP protocols map to a four-layer conceptual model known as the DARPA model , named
after the U.S. government agency that initially developed TCP/IP. The four layers of the DARPA
model are: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. Each layer in the DARPA
model corresponds to one or more layers of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model.
Network Interface Layer
The Network Interface layer (also called the Network Access layer) is responsible for placing
TCP/IP packets on the network medium and receiving TCP/IP packets off the network medium.
TCP/IP was designed to be independent of the network access method, frame format, and
medium. In this way, TCP/IP can be used to connect differing network types. These include
LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Token Ring and WAN technologies such as X.25 and
Frame Relay. Independence from any specific ne.
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2. The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as TCP/IP ) is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard. Today's IP networking represents a synthesis of several developments that began to evolve in the 1960s and 1970s, namely the Internet and LANs (Local Area Networks), which emerged in the mid- to late-1980s, together with the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s.
3. The Internet Protocol Suite, like many protocol suites, may be viewed as a set of layers. Each layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data, and provides a well-defined service to the upper layer protocols based on using services from some lower layers. Upper layers are logically closer to the user and deal with more abstract data, relying on lower layer protocols to translate data into forms that can eventually be physically transmitted. The TCP/IP model consists of four layers. From lowest to highest, these are the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer.
5. The TCP/IP suite uses encapsulation to provide abstraction of protocols and services. Such encapsulation usually is aligned with the division of the protocol suite into layers of general functionality. In general, an application (the highest level of the model) uses a set of protocols to send its data down the layers, being further encapsulated at each level. This may be illustrated by an example network scenario, in which two Internet host computers communicate across local network boundaries constituted by their internetworking gateways (routers).
6. TCP/IP stack operating on two hosts connected via two routers and the corresponding layers used at each hop