Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
This is Powerpoint Presentation on IP addressing & Subnet masking. This presentation describes how IP address works, what its classes and how the subnet masking works and more.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
OSI layers describes how the data can be send from one parties to another during data communication. it also gives the detailed information of how the data functionally divided into small pieces and reaches the destination.
The TCP/IP protocol system is used by virtually every modern data network to quickly and reliably move data from node to node. This presentation covers what TCP/IP is, what it does, it’s most important features, and how it was developed.
This presentation is about the introduction to network switch layer technology. A network switch is a device tha is used to connect different segments over the network.This ppt includes introduction to switch,types of switches or layer specification,advantages and disadvantages of switch..
I hope it will be very helpful for the engineering students and the others who are interested to search in deep about network switch.
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network (LAN) segment.
This is Powerpoint Presentation on IP addressing & Subnet masking. This presentation describes how IP address works, what its classes and how the subnet masking works and more.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
OSI layers describes how the data can be send from one parties to another during data communication. it also gives the detailed information of how the data functionally divided into small pieces and reaches the destination.
The TCP/IP protocol system is used by virtually every modern data network to quickly and reliably move data from node to node. This presentation covers what TCP/IP is, what it does, it’s most important features, and how it was developed.
This presentation is about the introduction to network switch layer technology. A network switch is a device tha is used to connect different segments over the network.This ppt includes introduction to switch,types of switches or layer specification,advantages and disadvantages of switch..
I hope it will be very helpful for the engineering students and the others who are interested to search in deep about network switch.
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network (LAN) segment.
Aplication and Transport layer- a practical approachSarah R. Dowlath
This presentation was done for a Networking course. It really shows from a more practical standpoint how the application layer and the transport layer communicates with each other and operates on a whole to get the job done. It gives the reader more insight of how the pieces come together in an IT networking world.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite model Transmission Control Protocol27230106
TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network
TCP stands for “Transmission Control Protocol”
IP stands for “Internet Protocol”
They are Transport layer and Network layer protocols respectively of the protocol suite
The most well known network that adopted TCP/IP is Internet – the biggest WAN in the world
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for org...MathivananP4
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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Overview of TCP IP
1. Overview of TCP/IP
Lecture 2
Subject: Web Engineering
Class: BSIT-5th
Inam.bth@gmail.com, administrator@computingcage.com
Recommended:
TCP/IP White Paper by Microsoft
2. TCP/IP
• A highly standardized protocol used widely on the Internet
• The basic backbone protocol
• 5th
basic component of Data Communication (DC) = protocol
• Definition: set of rules used in DC.
• Standards area available in the form of RFC documents
• Request For Comments (RFC)
• Standards are overseen by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF)
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3. ISO-OSI Seven Layer Model
Layer 7 Application
Layer 6 Presentation
Layer 5 Session
Layer 4 Transport
Layer 3 Network
Layer 2 Data Link
Layer 1 Physical
Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html
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Open Systems Interconnection
International Organization for Standardization
4. Layers with Protocols
Application
Application
FTP, Telnet, SMTP,
HTTP..Presentation
Session
Transport Host-to-Host TCP, UDP
Network Internet IP, ICMP, IGMP
Data Link Network
Access
Ethernet, Token-Ring ...
Physical
Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html
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5. Source: TCP/IP White Paper by Microsoft
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6. TCP/IP Layers
• Network interface layer
• Internet layer
• Host-to-host transport layer
• Application layer
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• In the following slides, the following is described for each layer
• Layer function
• Core protocols
• Relationship to ISO/OSI model
Some Core Protocols
• IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.5 and IEEE 802.11 series of protocols
7. Network Interface Layer
• Responsible for sending and receiving TCP/IP packets on the
network medium (physical/Data Link)
• Applicable LAN technologies
• Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI.
• Applicable WAN technologies
• X.25 (old), Frame Relay, ATM etc.
• Note that some technologies such as ATM and FDDI may be used at
both the WAN and the LAN levels
WebEngineering,TCP-IP
Protocols,Universityof
EducationOkara
7Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Interface
Layer
OSI Model TCP/IP Model
8. Core Internet Layer Protocols
• IP
• A connectionless unreliable protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol
suite
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
• Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
• Diagnostics and error reporting
• (IGMP) Internet Group Management Protocol
• Management of group multicast
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• Packaging
• Addressing
• Routing
Internet Layer >>
9. More on (ARP)
NIC ID
AA.BB.CC.DD
NIC ID
AB.BD.CD.DE
130.182.190.90 130.182.190.50
Resolves, for example, IP addresses to the corresponding
MAC level hardware address, for instance broadcasting.
IP
MAC
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10. Transport Layer
• Sequencing and transmission of packets
• Acknowledgment of receipts
• Recovery of packets
• Flow control
• In essence, it engages in host-to-host transportation of data
packets and the delivery of them to the application layer
• Core protocols: TCP & UDP
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11. TCP & UDP
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• One-to-one and connection-oriented reliable protocol
• Used in the accurate transmission of large amount of data
• Slower compared to UDP because of additional error checking being
performed
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• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• One-to-one or one-to-many, connectionless and unreliable protocol
• Used for the transmission of small amount of data
• Accuracy is not of prime concern
• The overhead of establishing a TCP connection is not warranted
• Used in video and audio casting
• Multicasting
• Broadcasting
• Also used for multimedia transmission
• Faster compared to TCP
12. Application Layer
• Provides applications with the ability to access the services of the other
layers
• New protocols and services are always being developed in this category
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HTTP
FTP
Telnet
SMTP
POP3
IMAP
SNMP
Some Core Protocols
Some LAN Management/Operation
Related Application Layer Protocols
DNS
RIP
SNMP
13. HTTP & FTP
• Protocol relating to web applications
• Current version of HTTP 1.1 has additional features
• Upload information to the server
• Etc.
• Default port number is 80
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• File Transfer Protocol
• Used for downloading from most MP3 sites, for example
• Designed for faster file transfer over the Internet compared to using the
HTTP protocol
• FTP sites can be configured alongside a web site to support FTP file transfer
• FTP default ports are 20 and 21
14. HTTP and
FTP
• File transfer under FTP is faster than file transfer under HTTP
• Choose an FTP site if there is one for downloading files etc.
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP)
• Governs the transmission of mail messages and attachments
• SMTP is used in the case of outgoing messages
• More powerful protocols such as POP3 and IMAP4 are needed and available
to manage incoming messages
15. POP3/IMAP4
• Used for incoming mail
• POP3 is the older protocol
• IMAP4 is the more advanced protocol
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• Supports terminal emulation or host sessions
• For example, Telnet can be used for accessing a Unix machine and
emulating a terminal attached to the Unix computer
Telnet
16. Domain Name System (DNS)
Resolves domain names to IP addresses
and vice versa
DNS Server 130.182.125.66www.refer.com
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18. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Router
Router
Remote
Management
Console
Switch
Bridge
Facilitates the management of SNMP compliant routers, bridges,
switches etc. by enabling the collection and exchange of network
management information.
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19. Ports
• TCP requires port numbers on the host and destination for
communication
• Different port numbers are assigned to different protocols by default
• HTTP 80, Telnet 23, FTP 20/21, RPC 135, NetBIOS 139 etc.
• Standard port numbers have been assigned by the Internet Assigned
Number Authority (IANA)
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Using Port Numbers on Addresses
• Standard access for web browsing
• Ganesan.calstatela.edu
• Default port of 80 is used in this case
• Non-standard access
• http://ganesan.calstatela.edu:5002
• The port number 5002 is used in this case to host the above web server
20. Sample TCP Port Numbers
20 FTP Data Channel
21 FTP Control Channel
23 Telnet
80 HTTP on WWW
135 RPC
139 NetBIOS Session
Services
Note: There are port numbers applicable to UDP as well.
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22. Port Scanning
• To test the security of a computer, its ports can be scanned and the
port status can be displayed
• Access Shieldup in www.grc.com to scan your computers port
• Ports
• Open is insecure
• Closed is somewhat secure
• Stealth is most secure
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23. TCP/IP Application Interface
• Applications require an Application Programming Interface (API) to
use the services of TCP/IP
• API is a standardized interface between the applications and the
TCP/IP services
• Windows Sockets interface and NetBIOS interface are two of the
prominent examples of Windows API
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25. Post Answers on
ComputingForum
1. How many layers are there in the TCP/IP model?
2. How do they relate to the ISO-OSI model?
3. What are some of the TCP/IP related protocols?
4. Explain the purpose and function of the above protocols?
5. What are ports? Explain the implication of keeping the ports open.
6. How can the ports be protected from hacker attacks?
7. Where would one use the UDP protocol in place of the TCP protocol?
The End
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