5 intro to networking
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The document introduces some basic concepts of networking: 1) A network consists of two or more connected computers that can communicate and share resources like information. 2) There are several reasons for networking, including sharing information through data communication and sharing hardware/software by centralizing administration. 3) Networks can be classified in different ways, such as by transmission media (wired vs wireless), network size (LAN vs WAN), management method (peer-to-peer vs client/server), and topology.
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A network consists of two or more connected computers that share resources like printers and CDs, exchange files, and allow electronic communication. The computers can be connected through cables, phone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light and share common resources.
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This document provides an overview of computer network classification. It discusses four main types of computer networks:
1) Local Area Network (LAN) which connects devices within a small physical area like a home, office, or school.
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Computer networks allow devices to exchange data. There are different types of networks classified by size, such as LAN, MAN, and WAN. Networks can also be classified by transmission medium, such as wired, wireless, and hybrid. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. Topologies describe the physical connections between nodes in a network.
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This document provides information about various topics related to computer networks:
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"Internet Protocol Suite" prepared by Szymon M. from Poland
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The document summarizes the structure and components of a URL. A URL contains:
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Circuit switching is the oldest networking technology, establishing a dedicated communication path between devices through intermediate nodes. It works by setting up connections between communicating parties before data transfer, dedicating the full path to that connection until it is terminated. While well-suited for analog voice, circuit switching is inefficient for data due to wasted bandwidth on idle connections. Examples of circuit-switched networks include the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and Private Automatic Branch Exchanges (PABXs).
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The document defines key terms related to browsing the web:
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URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, which is the web address or location of resources on the Internet. A URL consists of the protocol, domain name, and file address. It connects the browser to the specific webpage being requested. There are three main types of URLs: static URLs which do not change content without reprogramming; dynamic URLs which are database-driven and can change; and directory URLs which point to the default file in a directory. URLs are commonly used to locate and access webpages by translating domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.
Circuit Switching
Circuit switching is a method of establishing a dedicated communication path or circuit between two endpoints in a network before transmission begins. It requires reserving bandwidth throughout the network for the duration of the connection. A circuit-switched network establishes a physical path and dedicates resources to a single connection. It operates in three phases: circuit establishment, data transfer, and circuit disconnection. The public telephone network is an example of a circuit-switched network.
Switching
This document discusses different methods for allowing one-to-one communication between nodes in large networks, including direct connections, central controllers, and common buses. It focuses on switching networks, which consist of interlinked switches that can create temporary connections between devices. There are three main types of switching networks: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Packet switching breaks messages into small packets that contain user data and control information and are briefly stored at nodes before being passed to the next node.
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- Network architectures including client-server, peer-to-peer, and hybrid architectures. A hybrid architecture combines elements of client-server and peer-to-peer.
- Network topologies such as bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. A mesh topology connects all nodes to each other.
- Network media including wired media like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables and wireless transmission using radio, microwave, and Bluetooth. F
Intro To Networking
A quick overview of Data Networking that I gave to a technical group who wanted an introduction to data communications. I hope someone finds a use for it. Msg me if you want to the original pres.
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physic.pdf
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physical media? Are they
network core or network edge devices? What is queuing delay and packet loss?
Solution
Answer 3:
Example of Network core devices:
There are many core devices such as gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, networking
cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters in networks.
Gateways : Gateways are also called protocol converters, can operate at any network layer. A
gateway is a router in a computer network.
Or we can say that, a major key stopping point for the data on its way to or from other networks,
because of gateways, we are able to communicate and send data back.
Routers : A router is a networking device that can forwards data packets between computer in
networks. Routers do perform the traffic controlling or directing functions on the Internet.
A data packet is forwarded from one router to another router, through the networks that have the
internetwork until it reaches its destination computer or node.
Bridge : A network bridge is a device that connects a local area network (LAN) to another LAN
that uses the same protocol as Ethernet or token ring or any other.
Modems : A modem is a network device or a program, that enables a computer to transmit data
over networking cables, for example : telephone or cable lines or any other.
Computer informations are stored in form of digital, whereas information transmitted over
telephone lines. it is transmitted in the form of analog waves.
Answer 4:
physical media: It is refers to the physical materials that are used to transmit information in data
communications. It is called as physical media because
the media is generally a physical object like as copper or glass. that can be touched and felt, and
it also has physical properties like as weight, color and thikness.
there are many physical devices like as:
1. Twisted pair cables - Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many
business computers to the telephone company.
There Wire are twisted to avoid crosstalk or any interference for instance, electromagnetic
radiation from cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
there are two types of Twisted pair cable like as:
a. shielded Twisted pair cable
b. unshielded Twisted pair cable.
2. Coaxial cables - it is the kind of copper cable used by cable TV companies. it is used in
between of antenna and homes and businesses. Coaxial cable is also used by telephone
companies.
Coaxial cable is also called as coax. it is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded
by a tubular insulating layer, an above of that
surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer
sheath or jacket.
3. fiber optics:it is medium or technology associated with the transmission of information as light
form along a glass or plastic wire or fiber. Fiber optic cables allow to carries much more
information than conventional copper wire and is safer in term of.
Communication and networking for class 12.pptx
Network and Communication refer to the interconnected systems and devices that enable the transfer of data and information between various endpoints. The main components of a network and communication system include hardware devices such as computers, routers, switches, and modems, and software protocols that govern the flow of data between these devices.
1 Describe the common primary Physical and Logical networking topolo.pdf
1 Describe the common primary Physical and Logical networking topologies in use.
2) Discuss and compare the major LAN technologies used.
3) Describe the characteristics of the major types of fiber-optic media.
4) Define the technologies used for wireless networking.
Solution
1)Physical and logical networking topologies:-
Networking topologies is divided into two types of topologies.
One is physical topologies and other one is logical topologies
Physical topologies:-
Physical topologies is divided into two connections.one is point to point connection,and other
one is multipoint connection.
Point to point connection:-point to point connection topologies is connected one system to
another system is called point to point connection.bus and star topologies are point to point
connection.
Multipoint connection:-Multipoint connections might be a group of computers are connected in
one network is called multipoint connection.
Logical topologies:-The physical and logical topologies are independent of each other.Bus and
ring topologies are logical topologies examples.
2) compare Major Lan technologies:-
Major LAN technologies are LAN and WAN
LAN(local area network):-lan are connected in near area are connected in one network to use
local area network (LAN). example:-schols,home and office to use LAN\'s
LAN are high speed data transfer rate and speed is 1000mbps.
High bandwidth data transmission in local area network.
And less congestion in lan\'s
WAN(wide area network):- large area\'s are connected in one network to use wide area
network.example:-citis and states .
Wide Area Network is less speed network(150mbps).
WAN are lower data transfer rate compare to local area network.
Low bandwidth for data transmission.
More congestion compare to Local Area Network.
3) Types of fiber optic media:-fiber optic characteristics is divided into linear and nonlinear .
Optical fiber can be used as a medium for telecommunication and computer
networking.advantages of optical fiber communication with respect to copper wire systems
Fibers are often also used for short-distance connections between devices. For example, most
high-definition televisions offer a digital audio optical connection.
4) technologies used for wireless networking:-
Wireless networks are:- A network is a group of devices connected to one another. In the case of
wireless networks, radio communication is usually the medium of choice. Each and every type of
wireless technology has its own set of constraints and limitations.
Wireless network are
1)WAN(Wide Area Network)
2)LAN(Local Area Network)
3)MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
4)PAN(Personal Area Network).
Networking (2)
The document discusses various concepts related to computer networks including:
1. A computer network connects multiple computers allowing them to share resources and information. It consists of nodes like computers, printers, and other devices connected by communication channels.
2. Key network components include routers, switches, hubs, bridges and gateways which help connect and direct traffic between nodes and segments.
3. Networks can be classified based on transmission medium (wired vs wireless), size (LAN, MAN, WAN), management method (peer-to-peer, client-server), and topology.
Computer Network - Unit 1
Academic course on Computer Network Chapter -1 for BCA, Tribhuwan University
** Applicable for other courses as well
Includes the Basic of Computer Network, Topologies, Types of Network
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