This document provides an overview of TCP/IP protocols. It describes the key layers of the TCP/IP model including the application layer, transport layer, network layer, and physical/data link layers. The transport layer contains TCP and UDP which handle transmission reliability and error detection. The network layer deals with packet delivery between networks using IP. Some advantages of TCP/IP are that it is nonproprietary, compatible with all operating systems and hardware. Disadvantages include its large size which can impact small networks and slower speeds due to running multiple layers.

1. DATA COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORK
Topic
TCP/IP PROTOCOLS

2. GROUP MEMBERS
Ayesha pervaiz (17581556-115)
Saba noor (17581556-040)

3. TCP/IP INTRODUCTION
 The internet protocol suite (commonly known As TCP/IP) is the set of
communications
Protocols used for the internet and other similar Networks.
It is named from two of the most important protocols In it:
 The transmission control protocol (TCP) and
 The internet protocol (IP), which were the first two networking
 Protocols defined in this standard..

4. COMPARISON BETWEEN OSI MODEL AND
TCP IP

5. APPLICATION LAYER
 This layer is comparable to the application , presentation, and session layers of the
OSI model all combined into one.
 It provides a way for applications to have access to networked services.
 This layer also contains the high level Protocols. like SMTP , FTTP ETC.

6. Transport layer
 This layer acts as the delivery service used by the application layer.
 Again the two protocols used are TCP and UDP.
 The choice is made based on the application's transmission reliability
requirements.
 The transport layer also handles all error detection and recovery.
 It uses checksums, acknowledgements, and timeouts to control transmissions and
end to end verification.
 Unlike the OSI model, TCP/IP treats reliability as an end-to-end problem

7. NETWORK LAYER(internet layer)
 The network layer, also called the internet layer, deals with packets and connects
independent networks to transport the packets across network boundaries.
 The main protocol used at this layer is ip.
 Some famous protocols are
 ICMP, IGMP, RARP, ARP.

8. Physical and Data Link Layers
 At the physical and data link layers, TCPIIP does not define any specific protocol. It
 supports all the standard and proprietary protocols. A network in a TCPIIP
internetwork
 can be a local-area network or a wide-area network.

9. Advantages of TCP/IP
 TCP/IP is nonproprietary and, as a result, is not controlled by any single company.
 Therefore, the internet protocol suite can be modified easily.
 It is compatible with all operating systems, so it can communicate with any other
system.
 The internet protocol suite is also compatible with all types of computer hardware
and networks.

10. The disadvantages of TCP/IP
 The disadvantages of TCP/IP, or transmission control protocol/internet protocol,
are its size and its speed.
 Because tcp/ip is built for wide-area networks, its size can be an issue in small
networks with limited resources,.
 Because Tcp/Ip runs several layers concurrently, it can slow down network speeds.