This document discusses the history of technology and consumer markets from the 1980s to present day. It covers the evolution of internet access from dial-up modems to always-on broadband connections. It describes the transition to home networks connecting various devices and the development of triple play services. The document also provides examples of network infrastructure including residential gateways and broadband termination units.

1. Chapter 1:
Introduction
1

2. Technology History
Technology History
Security Use
Security Use
Security Layer
Security Layer
Why Security?
Why Security?
Attack/Hack
Attack/Hack
2

3. A Technology play role
and
influence in community service
3

4. Consumer Market
First, Let us look at the Evolution of Communications
4
Extracted from : Next Generation Home Networks: Driving a New Society?

5. Consumer Market
80-90s: A New World Called Internet
•
•
The start of the Internet
for masses using dial-up:
Phone line is shared
between the PC and the
phone
– Emergence of the ISP
concept with AOL,…
New concept:
Content available to
everybody
•
•
Modem
•
•
First Internet boom:
“New economy concept”
Phone Line
28 – 56kbps
5
Extracted from : Next Generation Home Networks: Driving a New Society?

6. Consumer Market
2000 – 2003: The Beginning of the Always-On Concept
•
Emergence of the ADSL
technology:
– Higher bandwidth than
dial-up: typically 64k to
384kbps
– “Always on” concept; i.e.,
no busy signal
•
Device per service
– One phone
– One PC
ADSL
64 – 384 kbps
6
Extracted from : Next Generation Home Networks: Driving a New Society?

7. Consumer Market
2003 – 2005: Emergence of Basic Home Networks and Triple Play Services
•
•
xDSL
20+ Mbps
Emergence of the new
DSL and xPON
technologies:
– Higher bandwidth than
ADSL: typically 20Mbps
per home
First signs of home
networks with the
digitalization of the Home:
– Digital Camera,
Camcorder, Playstation,
DVD, iPOD…
7
Extracted from : Next Generation Home Networks: Driving a New Society?

8. Consumer Market
2005 – 2015: The Digital Connected Home
•
Many multi-service devices
in the home:
– All using IP as a
foundation
•
Virtualization of Content:
– Access content
anywhere/anytime,
whether it is home-based
(Personal) or networkbased (Public)
•
Communications and
Entertainment
8
Extracted from : Next Generation Home Networks: Driving a New Society?

9. Example of Network Infrastructure
BTU
Residential Gateway (RG)
Broadband Termination Unit (BTU)
9

10. Technology History
Technology History
Security Use
Security Use
Security Layer
Security Layer
Why Security?
Why Security?
Attack/Hack
Attack/Hack
10

11. We will see now where a security mechanism is
mbed on technology.
Security use in daily basis.
11

12. Services
DATA
VOICE
IMAGE
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13. Security use in daily basis 1 - biometric
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14. Security use in daily basis 2 - Business
14

15. Security use in daily basis 3 – Voice Communication
15

16. Security use in daily basis 4 – Integration Operation
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17. Security use in daily basis 5 – Operating System
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18. Security use in daily basis 6 – WEB
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19. Technology History
Technology History
Security Use
Security Use
Security Layer
Security Layer
Why Security?
Why Security?
Attack/Hack
Attack/Hack
19

20. Let me share with you on OSI layers
and
Internet layers
20

21. Seventh layers OSI Model
Application
Application
OSI Model
Network process to application
Presentation
Data Unit
Layer
Function
Application
Application
Application
Network process to application
Presentation
Host
Layers
Session
Presentation
Data
Presentation
Data representation and encryption
Session
Interhost communication
Segments
Transport
End-to-end communications and
reliability (TCP)
Network
Packets
Network
Path determination and logical
addressing (IP)
Media
Data Link
Layers
Frames
Data Link
Physical addressing (MAC & LLC)
Bits
Physical
Media, Signal and binary
transmission
21

22. Five Layers TCP/IP Model
Application
Transport
Application
DHCP • DNS • FTP • Gopher • HTTP • IMAP4 • IRC • NNTP • XMPP • MIME •
POP3 • SIP • SMTP • SNMP • SSH • TELNET • RPC • RTP • RTCP • TLS/SSL •
SDP • SOAP • VPN • PPTP • L2TP • GTP •
Presentation
TCP • UDP • DCCP • SCTP •
Internet
IP (IPv4 • IPv6) • IGMP • ICMP • RSVP • BGP • RIP • OSPF • ISIS • IPsec •
ARP • RARP •
Data Link
802.11 • ATM • DTM • Ethernet • FDDI • Frame Relay •
GPRS • EVDO • HSPA • HDLC • PPP •
Physical
Ethernet physical layer • ISDN • Modems • PLC •
SONET/SDH • G.709 • Wireless •
22

23. Five Layers TCP/IP Model
Refer to the TCP/IP Presentation Slides
23

24. Before I explain to you on security layer
Let review back the slides that presenting on
“security use in daily basis”
24

25. What is behind of these applications?
What is a mechanism that make it secure?
25

26. Security Layer *
Applications
Protocol
Cryptography
Applications:
Web, email, any application use security
mechanism
Protocol:
SSL, TLS
Algorithm:
Symmetric, Asymmetric (i.e.:Cipher, DES, AES)
* This approach is totally under my knowledge and experience, is not a standard, just to understand
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the layer concept.

27. Security versus OSI & TCP/IP Model
OSI
TCP/IP
Application
Application
Presentation
Application
Presentation
Security
Applications
Session
Transport
Transport
Network
Internet
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
Protocol
Cryptography
27

28. Technology History
Technology History
Security Use
Security Use
Security Layer
Security Layer
Why Security?
Why Security?
Attack/Hack
Attack/Hack
28

29. Concept
Why we want security?
Let review back the slides that presenting on
“security use in daily basis”
29

30. Could you explain to me why we need security?
30

31. Why We Need Security
Privacy
The protection of data from unauthorized disclosure.
Integrity
The assurance that data received are exactly as sent by an
authorized entity (i.e., contain no modification, insertion,
deletion.
Authentication
The assurance that the communicating entity is the one that it
claims to be.
Provides protection against denial by one of the entities
Nonrepudation involved in a communication of having participated in all
or part of the communication.
Security Services (X.800)
31

32. Technology History
Technology History
Security Use
Security Use
Security Layer
Security Layer
Why Security?
Why Security?
Attack/Hack
Attack/Hack
32

33. Hacking - 1
33

34. Hacking - 2
DATA CENTER
34

35. Type of Attacks
Passive
Active
Passive attacks are in the nature of eavesdropping on,
or monitoring of, transmissions. The goal of the opponent
is to obtain information that is being transmitted. Two types
of passive attacks are release of message contents and
traffic analysis.
Active attacks involve some modification of the data stream
or the creation of a false stream and can be subdivided into
four categories: masquerade, replay, modification of
messages, and denial of service.
35

36. Passive Attack
Release of Message Contents
Read contents of
message from Bob
to Alice
Traffic Analysis
Observe pattern of
messages from Bob
to Alice
36

37. Active Attack - 1
Masquerade
Message from Hacker
that appears to be from Bob
Replay*
Capture message from
Bob to Alice; later
replay message to Alice
* An attack in which a service already authorized and completed is forged by
another "duplicate request" in an attempt to repeat authorized commands.
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38. Active Attack - 2
Modification of messages
Modifies message from Bob to Alice
Denial of Service
disrupts service provided by server
38

39. How Do You Want Protect Your Network System
Thank You
See You Next Week
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