It 241 Week 1 Cp Essay

It 241 Week 1 Cp Essay
Associate Program Material
Appendix B
Applications of Wireless Technologies
Each of the following images depicts a real–life scenario in which a wireless technology is being
used. Review the five images below and follow the corresponding instructions.
Scenario 1
[pic]
1. Identify the wireless technology being used in this scenario.
FSO– Free space optics
2. Explain why this technology is appropriate for this scenario.
FSO involves using a line of sight technology, so I see this being the method used between the two
structures.
3. Specify the standard transmission distance and transfer speed for the wireless technology you
identified.
1.25 gbps for speed and transmission distance depends on the concept of the line ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
www.verizonwireless.com
Scenario 3
[pic]
This example focuses on the use of satellite networking, to broadcast the signal from the satellite, to
the ground station. This type of technology involves the use of Zigbee at small distances, and
WiMax for greater distances.
2. Explain why this technology is appropriate for this scenario.
This technology is appropriate for this scenario, because the satellite above the stations is providing

the connection to each station on the ground in the United States.
3. Specify the standard transmission distance and transfer speed for the wireless technology you
identified.
WiMAX can transmit speeds up to 50km at 280mbps, and provides options for use in point to point
and multipoint configurations.
4. Use the Internet to research one to two applications of the identified wireless technology. List
each application found. Reference the websites you used to locate this information.
http://www.mpirical.com/courses/info/C36/112/wimax_radio_network_planning_and_design This
website shows a course using this technology used for radio networking planning and design.
Scenario 4
[pic]
This scenario is an example of using an access point, which a lot of people currently use to be able
to access the internet via WiFi,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Topic: Wi-Fi Technology and Its Application in Business...
Topic: Wi–Fi technology and its application in Business organizations
Objective
To understand the Wi–Fi technology and its applications in Indian business organisations
Introduction
In today's high–tech world connectivity to networks is extremely important for organizations to
survive. Networking is possible of various machines like computers, laptops, cell phones etc. This
term paper talks of Wi–Fi, the wireless technology that allows internet connection to be broadcasted
through radio waves. Its purpose serves directly to the users looking for internet access devoid of
any cords or wires.
What is Wi–Fi?
Wi–Fi is a wireless technology brand that is owned by Wi–Fi Alliance
Wi–Fi Alliance is a consortium of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here is a chart that represents the main differences of each standard.
Standard 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g
Speed 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 54Mbps
Range 100–150 feet indoors 27–75 feet indoors 100–150 feet indoors
Frequency 2.4GHz, a band already crowded with cordless phones 5GHz, an uncrowded band
2.4GHz, still a crowd of cordless phones and microwaves
Acceptance Hot spots are already established using 802.11b. Equipment is readily available More
common in corporate and office environments. 802.11g is compatible with the specs for 802.11b,
meaning it can be used on a network based on b or g versions.
Wi–Fi in Indian enterprises:
In business environments, increasing the number of Wi–Fi access points, by using more channels or
creating smaller cells provides:
 support for fast roaming
 increased overall network capacity
 Wi–Fi enables wireless voice applications (VoWLAN or WVOIP).

LAN user segments like educational institutes and the hospitality industry openly embraced Wi–Fi.
Other enterprises have been slower but many have found innovative ways to use Wi–Fi in their
networks
These include:
 LG Electronics India Ltd., runs business–critical applications like an internal ERP system and
Lotus Notes, and provides Internet access to its plant and executive employees through its Wi–Fi
infrastructure. The 802.11b solution was deployed in its 47 acre campus in Noida. Other than saving
time and

Gifi over Wifi
A Dissertation Report on
Comparative Analysis of Data Transmission Technique with GI–FI over WI–FI
–: Submitted to:–
D.L.PATEL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY MCA COLLEGE,
Himmatnagar.
In Partial A Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
MCA 5th SEM in the Post Graduate College at
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude towards some important people who have
given their precious time towards the completion of our project.
We are greatly indebted to Mr. Sudhir Patel Sir for his invaluable guidance and support. We express
our thanks for him understanding and considerable attitude towards our
Difficulty. He gave us the detailed information about our topic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Gi–fi.
KEY TERMS
CMOS – complementary metal oxide semiconductor
MOSFETs – metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors
TTL – transistor–transistor logic
DSPS – digital signal processors
HMDS – hexamethyldisilazane
SiO2 – silicon dioxide
UWB– Ultra–Wideband
PAN–personal–area network
CSP–Communications Service Provider
1. INTRODUCTION
With its bright yellow–and–red signs, Gifi is hard to miss. Founded in 1981, the French budget
retailer markets itself as a one–stop discount store, with 300–plus locations in France as well as

shops in Africa, Belgium, French Guiana, Italy, and Spain. Founder, chairman and CEO Philippe
Ginestet and his family control Gifi. Wi–Fi (ieee–802.11b) and Wi–Max (ieee–802.16e) have
captured our attention. As there is no recent developments which transfer data at faster rate. As
video informationtransfer taking lot of time. This leads to introduction of Gi–Fi technology .it offers
some advantages overWi–Fi, a similar wireless technology, in that it offers faster information rate in
Gbps, lesspower consumption and low cost for short range transmissions. Gi–Fi which is developed
on a integrated wireless transceiver chip. In which a small antenna used and both transmitter–
receiver integrated on a single chip. Which is fabricated using the

Network Security : Attack And Protection
Network Security; Attack and Protection
DeKenth Davidson
ISSC 461, IT Security: Countermeasures
23 November 2014
American Military University
Professor Christopher Weppler
Abstract: Networks have worked their way into the everyday lifestyle of most individuals in the
world, businesses especially rely on the networks for efficiency and globally reach. With the huge
demand for network usage it is easy to recognize why these systems are a huge target for hackers
and other ill intenders. Securing these popular networks should be a top concern for anyone or
organization that maintains one, additionally anyone using a network has to be able to traverse the
dangerous virtual roadway and be able to identify common concerns that may arise should some
suspicious activity arise.
Keywords: computer, networks, security, network security
Table of Contents
Attention Material
A. Describe the vital nature of Network Security.
1. Individuals and households rely on personal computers for school and work.
2. Computer networks have become the life blood of international business.
B. Malware and malicious intenders are ever present.
1. Recent cyber–attacks on prominent organizations.
BODY
I. Home Computer Networks Attacks
A. Growing number home computer networks.
B. Potential risks.
1. Malware.
2. Inadvertent disclosure of data.
3. Potential for hackers. C. Security controls. 1. Router controls. 2. System Controls. 3. Personal
responsibilities. D.

Internet Security Protocol Essay
Capstone Essay
1st hour
4/10/2015
Destiny Case
Internet Security Protocols Internet security protocols use many different methods to protect your
computer from dangers across the internet. Because there are so many methods to do this with, there
are also many protocols concerning internet security. Internet protocols as a group are often referred
to as TCP or IP. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and IP stands for Internet Protocol.
Internet Protocol will deal only with packets but Transmission Control Protocols allows more than
one host to connect and exchange the data they see fit to share. Transmission Control Protocols not
only make sure that your data gets delivered but that the packets sent by you will be delivered in the
order that the user sends them.
Kerberos is the first internet security protocol to be discussed. It is a computer network
authentication protocol. This security protocol allows nodes that have to communicate through a
non–secure network to prove their identities to the other user/s. It was designed mainly to be used
for in client to server situations. It is an effective model for client to server usage because it provides
authentication for, and from, both sides. Kerberos uses Symmetric key cryptography as a basis for
its security. Throughout the authentication process it could use public key cryptography instead of
the Symmetric Key Cryptography. In the AAA protocol, the A's stand for Authentication,
Authorization, and Accounting. It

Malicious Attack : Malicious Attacks And Threats That...
The three specific potential malicious attacks and threats that could be carried out against the
network and organization are malicious attack, malicious, and the risk, threats, and vulnerabilities
that is carried out against the network and organization. Malicious Attack is an attempt to forcefully
abuse or take advantage of someone 's computer, whether through computer viruses, social
engineering, phishing, or other types of social engineering. Malicious Attack have four general
categories of attacks on computer systems and networks. The first it have to fabrications and that
involve the creation of some deception in order to trick unsuspecting users. (Kim, D., & Solomon,
M., 2012). That is like when you get a call on you home phone from Windows text support, when
you give them your information and the information on your router. That mean you got trick by an
unsuspecting users known as a scammer. Next it is interceptions and that involves eavesdropping on
transmissions and redirecting them for unauthorized use. (Kim, D., & Solomon, M., 2012) Any
wireless network using a username and password to allow entrance into a local network is
susceptible to interception and traffic monitoring attacks. Then it is interruptions and it cause a
break in a communications channel, which blocks the transmission of data. (Kim, D., & Solomon,
M., 2012) Like when you online and you trying to get information offline and it take a long time to
load up.
The company is not alone in its

Wifi Business Business
Title:
Name:
Institution:
Tutor:
Course:
Code:
Date:
In Wi–Fi business shop I will recruit three staffs to assist me in the operations. Their duties will be
as follows, one of the staff work would be for updating the website and making sure that it is very
attractive so that it grabs the attention of my target audience. The staff second will be at data
recovery and repair services, and third staff would be ushering the customers into the shop and
administer services (Brannick, Levine, Morgeson, (2007)).
In this kind of business, there are benefits and challenges of attracting a diverse pool of potential
candidates. To start with the benefits, a diverse pool of candidates will give me a wide opportunity
for staff to pick from and also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
V. Reviewing applicants and developing short list: this is important because it will help in sorting
out preferable candidates for the job positions. VI. Conduct and interview: this is the most important
step in the hiring process. It provides the opportunity to learn more about the candidate and validate
the information given. VII. Finally, it will be to hire the most qualified candidate.
Job title, descriptions, and specification. i. Digital marketer.
Duties and responsibilities * Updating and improving the business website. * Advertising and
marketing the business through social media. * Managing online brand and product campaigns to
raise brand awareness.
Qualification.
* At least a diploma in IT and digital marketing. * Flexible and hardworking. ii. Technician.
Duties and responsibilities. * Repairing damaged electronic gadgets. * Recovering lost data from
laptops and cell phones. * Setting up the business Wi–Fi hotspot for the customers.
Qualifications.
* Degree or diploma in electronic and electrical engineering. * Flexible and honest. iii. Customer
care (usher).
Duties and responsibilities. * Assist customers in accessing the Wi–Fi. * Enticing customers to
access services. * Attend to questions, comments and issues from customers.
Qualifications.
* At least a diploma in public relation and customer care. * Humble and excellent communication

Network471 Emerging Technology Essay
Emerging Technology That Will Change the World: Wi–Fi
Gyasi C. Davis
Network 471: Advanced Topics Networking
Professor Elliott
DeVry University
Date: February 18, 2013
Emerging Technology That Will Change the World: WiFi
Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................ 3
Problems................................................................................................................4
Pro & Con Argument...............................................................................................4–7
Security Issues...................................................................................................7–8
Health Concerns...................................................................................................8
Network ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To solve these problems a company can implement Wi–Fi on their network. This can reduce the
price of implementing additional cable in the network.
Wi–Fi technology comes with many upsides, but it also has it downfalls too.
Pros
The major advantage of Wi–Fi is the fact that users do not need to be physically connected to the
network in order to access the Web and network resources. Wi–Fi provides increased mobility.
Among employees, those who use a laptop will worry no more about connecting using a connection
cable. They will be able to move from their office to the meeting room without losing connection.
Besides eliminating much of the need for extensive wiring and dedicated workstation, Wi–Fi means
the Internet is accessible anywhere users can pick up a signal, which allows for greater flexibility in
office configurations. Wi–Fi systems can also be much less expensive to set up, since the main cost
is in the wiring to the main router. If an existing wired Internet network is already in place, adding
Wi–Fi capabilities is relatively simple, with no need to purchase a dedicated workstation. Wi–Fi
systems are also relatively inexpensive to operate and easy to use. For employees and authorized
visitors to connect to Wi–Fi does not present any technical difficulty. Depending on the router type
simply enter the WEP or WAP key associated with your Wi–Fi after double–clicking the icon
"Wireless Network Connection". After a

The Responsibility Of A Data Breach
TJX Attack Introduction Data breaches are probably most deadly and least aware of dangers we
worry about. While data heists do lack the glamor of a bank heist or a casino robbery, it definitely
has a lot more punch in terms of the damage that it can cause in everyday lives. In fact no
Hollywood director would be half as interested in showing a nerdy guy sitting before his computer
reading through infinite amounts of stolen information, as much as he/she would like to show a heist
in a bank for it provides much more thrilling visuals. However we need to understand and recognize
the disastrous power of data breaches to be personally aware and to demand protection from our
favorite places of shopping, work, and leisure. Whenever we hear of data breach, we might think
that there is evil guy who is doing things in his computer to hurt us. But, data breaches happen
because of much more complex reasons. The responsibility of a data breach lies on the hacker,
place/organization where the hack happened, and increasingly on the very victims of such breaches.
Now, imagine yourself leaving you house open and someone steals from your home, would you not
hold yourself responsible. The same applies in the digital world. When an organization commits
such mistakes the impact can be just devastating. One such devastating attack is the attack on retail
chain TJX, and its impact still reverberates in our world. The TJX Attack Data breaches happen for
various end–reasons like political,

Modern Technology And Its Effect On Society Essay
Modern technology has given people many freedoms and the power to do many things. However
just like the great words of Spiderman "...with great power comes great responsibility." Along with
these magnificent inventions came a greater and more efficient way for enemies of the country to
destroy us. With the invention of planes came hijacking, with cars came unsuspecting car bombs,
and with the internet came cyber–attacks. Governments all over the world continuously have to
adjust to the new technology with policies that take away the rights and privacy of their citizens.
How far is one supposed allow its country to spy on its citizens and take away their right to privacy?
It is not the citizens' responsibility to worry about the safety of the people, thus the cost of safety
should not be on the shoulders of the people.
People who object to internet censorship believe that in order to govern themselves well, Americans
must be able to share ideas, even offensive and controversial ones, freely. They argue that
censorship is very rarely the solution to any positive goal. However, to truly understand the internet
censorship debate one must inspect the many smaller underlying questions involved. Such as are
there any combinations of education and parent involvement that could better protect children from
content on the internet? Is it possible to demand positive behavior on the internet, or does that
interfere with the free exchange of ideas, a key element of democracy? And finally,

Internet Tools at Dirt Bikes It/205
Internet Tools at Dirt Bikes
University of Phoenix
IT/205
Introduction Management of a Dirt Bike company is worried about how much money is spent on
communication with people within and on the outside of the company. They are obtaining
information on how to provide the industry with global economy. I will provide the information on
how to use internet tools and technology to improve the communication and gathering of
information to be more efficient and to help save money. For the organization to be able to
communicate and gather information with efficiency I'll evaluate the problems with Dirt Bikes and
I'll provide a solution on the type of internet tools and different technologies that will benefit the
workers and business. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They would only need a microphone, speakers, or a telephone that is VOIP enabled. Even though
there are up–front cost involved with the IP phone system, it will reduced the communication and
network management cost by 20 to 30 percent. This is a chart example of how VOIP works.
The chart above demonstrates how the system is used (Essentials of Management Information
Systems, CH. 6, pp. 209). The computer services and telecommunications cost will be lower with
this type of system installed in the organization, which will remove the recurring charges of private
lines. Another type of internet tool that would benefit the company would be a VPN (Virtual Private
Network). A VPN is a secure, encrypted, private network that has been configured within a public
network to take advantage of the economies of scale and management facilities of large networks,
such as the Internet provides your organization with secure, encrypted communications at a much
lower cost than the same capabilities offered by traditional non–Internet providers who use their
private networks to secure communications. VPNs also provide a network infrastructure for
combining voice and data networks (Essentials of Management Information Systems, CH. 6, pp.
212). This would make the organization capable of sending email to each other without worrying
about the email been accessed by non–employees. For instance, if a company came up with a new
product it

Essay on Computing Trends
Networking Proposal for Rubha Reidh
Name
Institution
Table of Contents
Abstract 3 Introduction 5 Overview of Satellite Link Technology 7 Overview of Fibre Optics Link
Technology 9 Choice of Satellite over Fibre Internet Connection 10 Wireless Networking Design 12
Mesh Network Backbone 13 802.11 Access Points 15 Intranet Services 16 Challenges 16 Proposed
System Design 17 Phase I: Bed and breakfast building to include the private rooms, common area
and lounge 17 Phase II: Extending to cover the lighthouse and associated surrounding area 18
Budget 18 Phase I Deployment 18 Phase II Deployment 19 References 21
Abstract
The aim of the Rubha Reidh internet project is to construct a robust computer network to encompass
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Establishing a high speed and reliable lighthouse area network will significantly boost the bed and
breakfast's appeal for guests, and help bring the lighthouse into the digital era. Using a wireless
mesh network will be more flexible and cheaper than an old–fashioned wired local area network
(LAN). That is beside the fact that wireless networks are easy to install, expand, and have the
additional advantage of presenting a portable wireless link to the bed and breakfast residents.
This internet–networking project will be made up of two distinctive phases. In Phase I, a small–
scale network will be developed. The lessons learnt in Phase I will appraise the plan for Phase II, in
which the network will be expanded to include the whole area that the lighthouse lays claim to. The
final network will back wireless connectivity between guests and the bed and breakfast intranet
services at data speeds approximating 54 Mbps. The services that will be delivered to include Web
sites, email, and contact with the internet.
Networking Proposal for Rubha Reidh
Introduction
Accommodation services at the bed and breakfast located in the lighthouse at Rubha Reidh have
been severely affected by the absence of a robust and reliable setup for offering internet services.
While other accommodation facilities across Scotland and the rest of the world are

Cyber Stalking Crimes Are Being Committed Everyday
Introduction While cyber stalking crimes are being committed everyday there are officers who are
highly trained in this area, and wants everyone else to become highly familiar with the training
material so that the world can be passed down from one investigation unit to the next. There will be
quit a few topics covered in this training manual. Overview of the crime John is a 24yr old male
who sits at home and play games online in a game chat room on a site called moco space. John is
also on this web site meeting and greeting with young men and young women. Playing games on
this website john has been interested in becoming a hard core gamer online. But this young man
name Juan catches john attention in the gamer chat room. John and Juan being to exchange
messages talking about the things they have in common when it comes to gaming. John is surprised
that Juan is also a hard core gamer as well. They both stay at home with their parents and they both
spend a lot of time online in the game chat room so they both agreed on a time to meet in the chat
room everyday. John begins to send Juan messages inside his personal mail box saying he would
love to meet Juan in person so they can share their passion for hard core gaming, Juan messaged
John back and says there 's no need to message me personally I'm just here to network and play
games. John instantly becomes offended and begins to call Juan all kind of harsh names, Juan just
ignores John and Juan starts thinking maybe

Wifi in Corporate Environments
Robby Miller
Mr. Carroll
NT1210 / Fri. Night
Wi–Fi in the Corporate Environment Business is much different today than it has ever been. The
strategies incorporated in the success of a business can be quite complicated and requires more than
just a man or woman with a dream. Success in business is now reliant on the connectivity of their
business to their local area, as well as, the global market place. Wireless connectivity (Wi–Fi) in the
corporate environment is making this possible and beyond possible as it improves. In this paper we
will see some pro's and con's of wireless connectivity in the corporate environment. Corporations
are looking to go wireless for many different reasons. These range from having less wire to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a red flag and a green flag at the same time. If AT&T is charging for data and making
money, then the trend of provider's charging for data could take–off and cause inflation of wireless
connectivity. The upside could be that user's jump ship and begin using other providers instead of
one or two major providers. AT&T charging for data is scary too, since it could flag that they
are reaching the limits of their bandwidth capabilities. It could be safe to say, AT&T has just
figured out a way to make more money without introducing new and innovative technology. In
conclusion, the use of wireless technology in the corporate environment is taking off. It seems from
the research I have done that companies are excited about the progress being made in wireless
connectivity. Wi–Fi is the future for businesses. As more and more companies have traveling
employees and work–at–home employees the demand will grow for wireless connectivity.
Productive mobility is where the corporate environment has come and will continue to go.
Works Cited
Omatseye, Sam. "802.11B Business Holds Promise For Vendors." RCR Wireless News 20.25
(2001): 2. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 7 May 2012.
Blackford, John. "Businesses Warm Up To Wireless Networking." Hudson Valley Business Journal
14.13 (2003): 15. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 7 May 2012.
Rash, Wayne. "Enterprise

Determining Databases and Data Communication
Working as a marketing assistant for a consumer electronics company, I am in charge of setting up
my company's booth and equipments at trade shows. Prior to any show, I meet the marketing
managers to determine the equipment and displays needed for the show. These are then scheduled
for delivery by a shipper to the show site. Once delivered, I supervise the setting up of the booths
and equipment by the trade show personnel.
After the show, I supervise the packing as well as schedule the shipment back for the booth
components and equipment. Upon returning to the home office, I need to ensure that all components
of the booth and equipment have arrived and in case of shipping damage or loss, I handle it.
In order to achieve my task ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Decision support systems are mainly used by the management, planning and operations departments
in organizations. In my task, a DSS may not be necessary as the data may be minimal and easy to
follow up. The data is required to basically track if all booth components and equipment are shipped
to the trade show and back to the warehouse. My task is to ensure the booth components and
equipment remains intact after every trade show.
Scenario 2:
I work in a small consulting business where I manage a group of seven employees some working at
the office and others from home. However, each of the employees requires internet.
LAN refers to Local Area Network. This is a network of computers in small areas. It is usually used
in organizations, schools or even at home. A Local Area Network can be created with Ethernet
cables and its components or via wireless technology. A Local Area Network has reduced security
threats to its data in that for a person to access the data, they need to be within the small region with
coverage which is mostly within the company's or organization's premises. As a result, this reduces
the risk of unauthorized persons accessing the data.
WAN refers to Wide Area Network. This is a network that covers a broad area i.e. WAN can
transmit data over vast regions unlike LAN. Users of this network have the advantage of connecting
to it from anywhere. Due to this attribute, it is widely used by businesses or

Purpose Of A Lan ( Local Area Network ) Essay
Sunday, 16 November 2014
3:10 p.m.
Purpose of a LAN (hosts, devices (dual functions), examples of LAN use, types of resources shared,
information that can be accessed using a LAN, purpose of LAN components) AND advantages and
disadvantages of cable, fibre, wireless in terms of bandwidth, location, security, reliability, set up,
suitability
Describe what the user will mainly use a specific LAN for When the first computers were made,
they couldn't talk to each other if they weren't the same type. But now with the standardising of
components, it is now easier than ever for different computers to connect to each other in a LAN
(Local Area Network).
A LAN is a network of computers in a specific area interconnect using a variety of network media.
For example, WBHS LAN are all the computers connected to the WBHS network via Ethernet, Wi–
fi or other. This is different from a WAN (Wide area network) which extends to a much wider area
such as a town, city and country. LAN are usually more restricted in access and more numerous.
LAN are used at WBHS to connect all the schofols desktops, servers, all–in–ones, printers, laptops
and many other devices to each other. For students using BYOD, this gives them access to restricted
Wi–Fi, but for teachers and users on the schools computers, this allows them to access network
drives, print to any printer, send emails internally – just to name a few. Because the Network in local
and internal, WBHS doesn't rely on external severs which

Wireless Network Method Using Smart Grid Communications
WIRELESS NETWORK METHOD USING IN SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS
Ehsan Dolatshahi
Independent Study
April 22, 2015
Introduction
The old generation of electrical power grid has taken care of our needs in the past. However, as our
world progress technologically, so do the expectations from different infrastructures around us.
Smart grid is an initiative to completely restructure the electrical power grid to meet the current and
future requirements of its clients. Upgrading our electrical power grid could bring novel security
vulnerabilities into the system. Thus, security is one of the key parts in smart grid technology. Smart
grid technology also puts more reliability demands on WAN (wide area network) infrastructures. [1]
A smart grid is an intelligent electricity network that integrates the actions of all users connected to
it and makes use of innovative information, control, and communication technologies to save
energy, cut cost, and raise reliability and transparency. The smart grid is an upgrade to the current
electrical power structure. Meaning, on top of the functionality of our existing power system, it has
upgraded with some novel specifications. These new features adds more vulnerability to the system.
[2]
Smart grid is mainly composed of six basic systems: power generation system, distribution system,
transmission network, data management and processing system, smart metering system, and
customer information system. The network architecture of smart grid

Wireless Networks : Wireless Network
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wireless networks have become a major part in the operation of businesses and in people's lives.
Wireless networks can provide fast speed internet connections without having to use wired
connections. Businesses are doing much better with wireless networks because they don't have to
pay the costs of installing wired networks and people can work easier because they do not have
wires running all over the place. Now with wireless networks in place, businesses are able to
connect to their other branches and buildings within their area as well.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE 4: WIRELESS NETWORKS
PAGE 5: WIRELESS LANS
PAGE 6: PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS
PAGE 7: METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS
PAGE 8: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wireless LANs are commonly used on college campuses and most laptops come equipped with
wireless LAN capabilities. They do not have any defined boundaries, which makes it hard for the
user to control the network traffic. Wireless LANs make it possible for people to use the internet
anywhere there is free and non–secured Wi–Fi. The ability to connect wirelessly is based on the
location of the access point. If a person is close to an access point, they can get a strong signal. If
they far, they can get a weak signal or no signal. Wireless LANs can be unreliable as well because of
weather, and the environment. There are many ways to implement Wireless LANs. They are
infrastructure BSS, independent BSS, ESS, and distribution system. The most common way is the
BSS. Wireless LANs have base stations that are connected to a wired infrastructure called access
points. The stations have to communication through the access point. They cannot communicate
directly. Independent BSS is more popular in military applications. Computenetworking.about.com
says, "The key hardware components of a wireless computer network include adapters, routers and
access points, antennas and repeaters."
Wireless LANs have to have wireless network adapters for every device that wants to connect to the
internet. The access points and routers use Wi–Fi antennas so that the communication range can
increase. A lot of businesses have been victims of data breaches

Wi Fi : The New Way Of Communication
In today's world, society is presented by new technology all the time. Many incredible
advancements have been made over the years, but few compare to the breakthrough of wireless
connection, better known as Wi–Fi. The creation of Wi–Fi has given a new way of communication
that allows people to communicate with others from all over the world without having to use any
wires or cords. Today, this revolutionary invention is being used in households and businesses all
around the world and has not only changed the way people communicate but also how they use
technology in general. DSU is no exception. As a technology based school we rely on a steady Wi–
Fi connection all the time for our academic and personal needs. However, this technology was not
always so widely used and has undergone many changes to get to the state it is now. Today Wi–Fi
has become a crucial technology that many people rely on in their daily lives and it has changed the
world during that process. Not all people may truly understand how exactly Wi–Fi works. Most Wi–
Fi routers have at least one access point, maybe even more depending on the size of the area it
covers, which allows its users their connection. Wi–Fi signals themselves are like radio waves. The
difference here is that Wi–Fi is basically two radio waves talking back to one another (Pullen).
Some people may think of Wi–Fi as just another type of technology that they use in their life.
However, Wi–Fi is changing the way people use, or in some cases

Gi-Fi Technology
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Wi–Fi (ieee–802.11b) and Wi–Max (ieee–802.16e) have captured our attention. As there are no
recent developments which transfer data at faster rate as video information transfer taking lot of
time. This leads to introduction of Gi–Fi technology. It offers some advantages over Wi–Fi, a similar
wireless technology. In that it offers faster information rate (Gbps), less power consumption and low
cost for short range transmissions. Gi–Fi which is developed on an integrated wireless transceiver
chip. In which a small antenna used and both transmitter–receiver integrated on a single chip, which
is fabricated using the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Because of Gi–
Fi transfer of large ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So to have higher data transfer rate at lower power consumption we move onto Gi–Fi technology.
➢ The 802.11b and 802.11g flavours of Wi–Fi use the 2.4 GHz spectrum, which is crowded with
other devices such as Bluetooth, microwave ovens, cordless phones, or video sender devices, among
many others. This may cause degradation in performance. Other devices which use microwave
frequencies such as certain types of cell phones can also cause degradation in performance.
➢ Power consumption is fairly high compared to other standards, making battery life and heat a
concern.
➢ Not always configured properly by user. Commonly uses WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
protocol for protection, though has been shown to be easily breakable. Newer wireless solutions are
slowly providing support for the superior WPA (Wi–Fi Protected Access) protocol, though many
systems still employ WEP.
CHAPTER 3 GI–FI
Gi–Fi or gigabit wireless is the world's first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at
60GHz on the CMOS . process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at up to 5
gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one–tenth the cost.
NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57–64GHz unlicensed frequency
band as the millimeter–wave range of the spectrum makes possible high component on–chip
integration as well as allowing for the

Wifi
ABSTRACT There are many trends in our IT industry. Here we are going to discuss about the
emerging technology in IT (i.e.) Wi–Fi technology. Wi–Fi (wireless fidelity) is a way to connect to
the internet without any wires or cumbersome cables. Wi–Fi technology uses a radio technology
called 802.11 b for the wireless connectivity. 802.11 buses 2.4GHz of band frequency spectrum with
a bandwidth of 11Mbps(802.11a–5GHz,54Mbps & 802.l1g–2,4GHz,54Mbps).In this paper we have
discussed in detail about what Wi–Fi is and How does it work, what the hotspots are and how does
the Wi–Fi technology has been implemented in these hotspots. The Wi–Fi technology finds its great
utility in the device called Infinity Tele Smart patient–worn ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Over the past several years, the Wi–Fi Alliance has qualified hundreds of products as interoperable.
Standardization will bring legitimacy to this cutting–edge technology. Wi–Fi networks use radio
technologies called IEEE 802.11 a, 802.11 b or 802.11 g to provide secure. Reliable, fast wireless
connectivity. A Wi–Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet and to
wire networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi–Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4
and 5 GHz radio bands, with an 11 Mbps (802.11 b) or 54 IV1bps (802.11 a) data rate. 2. IS WI–FI
FOR MY BUISNESS? Large corporations and campuses use enterprise–level technology and Wi–Fi
CERTIFIEDTM products to extend standard wired Ethernet networks to public areas like meeting
rooms, training classrooms and large auditoriums. Small businesses are dynamic, the built–in
flexibility of a Wi–Fi network makes it easy and affordable. Your Wi–Fi devices will have the best
chance of working together if they are Wi–Fi CERTIFIEDTM. Look for the Wi–Fi CERTIFIEDTM
logo with color–coded Standard Indicator Icons (SII) on product packaging
3. WHAT IS HOTSPOT? Many cafes, coffee shops, libraries, airports, and other public places offer
Wi–Fi Access Points for general use by the public. These public Wi–Fi Access Points are often
called Hotspots. It is coz of Wi–Fi's ability to quickly and wirelessly connect your handheld or

The Pros And Cons Of Wi-Fi
Continual advancement in technology has led to the extension of wireless accessibility due to
Wireless Fidelity (Wi–Fi), an important phenomenon that has been impacting the world over the
past decade (Kioskea, 2015). The name Wi– Fi was first coined by Wi–Fi Alliance and it refers to
wireless Ethernet 802.11 which defines standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs). But
since 802.11 was considered too slow for some applications it was surpassed by extensions 802.11a
and 802.11b, and later by 802.11g. Traditionally, this radio technology that uses frequency to
transmit data through air was initially originated during late 1980s and was evolved with the
fundamental objective of making data communication wireless. But today Wi–Fi has become a
necessity for both consumer and enterprise since it does not only represent a means of staying
connected at home or at the internet and checking emails and surfing the web, it is also consumed by
the users for content purposes such as streaming music and high ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One big disadvantage of Wi–Fi involves security since Wi–Fi that are open attract hackers and many
times people using the wi–fi service become victims of identity theft. Wireless network can be safe
for homes and offices, but it does take some work and a few expertises, but you should never carry
out private business on a free Wi–Fi network. Moreover, Wi–Fi operates in the frequency of 2.4
GHz along with cordless phones and microwaves, hence these devices may interfere with the
wireless signals and cause problems while surfing net or may even corrupt files. Also, the range of
Wi–Fi is limited and the Wi–Fi router must be placed in center so that all computers can receive fair
signals which aren't blocked by any wall or obstacle (Hughes,

Best Bluetooth Speakers 2017 : Top 5 Reviews, Benefits And...
Best Bluetooth Speakers 2017: Top 5 Reviews, Benefits & Buying Guide
Introduction
The term "Bluetooth" has become a very common term in the recent times. In specific, speakers
with Bluetooth technology have become the latest trend in the field of infotainment. The bluetooth
speakers establish a wireless connection with the intended device like tablet, smartphone or laptop
to deliver the audio within its specified range. These speakers are often portable that they can be
easily carried anywhere. There is a continuous growth in the technical aspects of such bluetooth
speakers. This article will let yourself familiarize on the Best Bluetooth Speakers 2017 along with
their key features. Before that, let us discuss on the benefits of using Bluetooth speakers over
ordinary speakers.
Benefits of Bluetooth Speakers
When compared to the conventional speakers, Bluetooth speakers have various advantageous
features to offer. Unlike the previous versions where the audio system consists of large–sized
speakers, the Bluetooth speakers are much portable and convenient to use. They come wireless
which means you need not have to find a place for the speaker near the audio or video system. They
connect via Bluetooth and stay connected as long as you desire. There are lot more a Bluetooth
speaker can offer. Let us see some of these benefits in detail.
Portability
The increasing demand of the Bluetooth speakers is attributed to its portability. These speakers can
be placed anywhere within

Computers, Wifi And Tablets
Priscila Ibarra
Stone
Period 6
18 March 2016
Executive Summary Computers, wifi and tablets have resulted in student success while in school.
"Wi–Fi has become a universal expectation among students, and their attitudes towards technology
are a good indicator of broad changes underway in how we as a society learn, work and
communicate," said Edgar Figueroa, executive director of the Wi–Fi Alliance, the global trade
organization representing the Wi–Fi industry. Nearly 75% of US college students believe WiFi
access on their college campus helps them get better grades, according to a recent survey conducted
for the Wi–Fi Alliance. Getting new technology equipment can change a lot in a student 's learning
capacity and learning also to use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Low income students don't have a choice of having wifi or a computer. It is very hard for them to do
any studying at home, so having wifi and computers at school would be very helpful for their
education. One of the most important features of a computer is the access to information it provides.
Because the Internet acts as a virtual library, students can have access to nearly any piece of
information imaginable. This can be highly advantageous in the classroom as it can enhance the
information on any subject. The downside is that sometimes students will stumble across unreliable
information online. Computers also save time in many ways. Not only can computers access
millions of pages of information on the Internet, but they can do this in an incredibly fast time. What
once might have taken hours of library research might now only take a few minutes on the
computer. In addition to the Internet, tools such as word processors, presentation software, and
spreadsheets have added efficiency. They eliminate much of the time that traditional writing,
presentations, and creating tables and forms once required. "Wi–Fi has become a universal
expectation among college students, and their attitudes towards technology are a good indicator of
broad changes underway in how we as a society learn, work and communicate," said Edgar
Figueroa. Wifi at school can be really helpful to

Computerized Mobile Suburban Railway Ticket Tickets
Abstract Today's biggest challenge in current ticketing system is "QUEUE" in booking railway
tickets. In this fast growing world of technology we still stand in the queue or buy with CVM
coupons or smart cards for our suburban tickets, which is more frustrating at times to stand in the
queue or if we forget our cards. This paperless Mobile Suburban Railway (MSR) ticketing is mainly
to buy the suburban tickets which is the most challenging when compared to booking the long
journey tickets through `M–ticket ' which fails with suburban(local travel) tickets. Our MSR ticket
can be bought with just a smart phone application, where you can carry your suburban railway
tickets in your smart phone as a QR (Quick Response) ticket. The ticket will have distinct color
scheme everyday and it cannot be forwarded to another mobile. Our MSR– tickets system is one of
the best opportunities for those who cannot afford enough time to get their tickets standing in long
queues.
UTS: Unreserved Ticketing System.
MSR Ticket: Mobile Suburban Railway Ticket.
Keywords–(MSR) Mobile Suburban Ticketing, Smartphone's, Wi–Fi router, System Server.
I. INTODUCTION
Indian Railways is the largest railway network in Asia, but not all figures are as impressive. For
instance, almost 21 million people travel every day, are on unreserved tickets. This is a huge
problem, but nothing new, and the Indian Railways had realized the need for an Unreserved
Ticketing System a long time ago.
The current ticketing

Pros And Cons Of Wireless Networking Protocols
COM 309: Wireless Networking Protocols
A computer network is a communication system that links together devices referred as "Nodes."
These devices are connected using communication channels. A communication channel is assigned
to a medium used to transport information from one network device to another, such as wired
channels and wireless channels (Parsons, 2016).
A primary system is made up of at least two computing devices either wired or wireless points of
connection; these points are "network ports." There are usually one network hub or network switch
that permits their interconnection. The most standard "wired" computer networks are known as
"Ethernet." This is made–up of UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cables, and just about all personal
computers have a UTP Ethernet Network port as standard. The printer also comes with an Ethernet
port, making it easily shared amongst the user of a network. Other wired channels are coaxial cable
used for cable T.V, Category 6 cables used for LANs, and fiber optic cables used for high–capacity
trunk lines. Most local area networks (LAN) are used in small businesses network. Wired networks
are much more secure than wireless networks. The Computer Age has shifted from a traditional
industry to an economy is formed on information computerization. The arrival of the computer age
is associated with the Digital Revolution. Today, the internet has generated attritions from billions of
people and industries worldwide it is now a global cultural

Research Paper
Wireless Fidelity
In the last few years the world has undergone a tremendous and unprecedented technological change
with the attack of the Information Technology revolution. Earlier it was e–mail that changed the way
people communicate, and then online shopping became the order of the day, gradually online
banking caught up and the list goes on and on. The new trend, Wi–Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows
you to connect to the Internet from your couch at home, a bed in a hotel room or at school, all
without wires. As author Harold Davis nicely puts, "Wi–Fi is a wireless technology just like a
mobile phone and Wi–Fi enabled computers send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within
the range of a base ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IEEE 802.11b defines the physical layer and media access control (MAC) sublayer for
communications across a shared, wireless local area network (WLAN). As Theodore Rappaport
states, "At the physical layer, IEEE 802.11b operates at the radio frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (GHz)
with a maximum bit rate of 11 Mbps. It uses the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
transmission technique. At the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer, 802.11b uses the carrier sense
multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) media access control (MAC) protocol" (35).
A wireless station with a frame to transmit first listens on the wireless medium to determine if
another station is currently transmitting (this is the carrier sense portion of CSMA/CA). If the
medium is being used, the wireless station calculates a random backoff delay. Only after the random
backoff delay elapses can the wireless station again listen for a transmitting station. By instituting a
random backoff delay, multiple stations that are waiting to transmit do not end up trying to transmit
at the same time (this is the collision avoidance portion of CSMA/CA).
Collisions can occur and, unlike with Ethernet, they might not be detected by the transmitting nodes.
Therefore, 802.11b uses a Request to Send (RTS)/Clear to Send (CTS) protocol with an
Acknowledgment (ACK) signal to ensure that a frame is successfully transmitted and received.
The 802.11b

It241 Appendix B Essay
Axia College Material Appendix B Applications of Wireless Technologies Each of the following
images depicts a real–life scenario in which a wireless technology is being used. Review the five
images below and answer the corresponding questions. Scenario 1 0 What wireless technology is
being used in this scenario? Fixed broadband wireless. 1 Why is this technology appropriate for this
scenario? Users can access data from either building or any location that is part of the WLAN. 2 For
the wireless technology you identified, what is the standard transmission distance and transfer
speed? 75 Mbps and 35 miles. 3 Use the Internet to research one to two applications of the
illustrated wireless technology. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
0 For the wireless technology you identified, what is the standard transmission distance and transfer
speed? Nationwide and 9.6 Kbps 0 Use the Internet to research one to two applications of the
illustrated wireless technology. List each application found. Be sure to reference the Web site(s)
where you found this information. A computer's wireless adapter translates data into a radio signal
and transmits it using an antenna. A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. The router
sends the information to the Internet using a physical, wired Ethernet connection. The process also
works in reverse, with the router receiving information from the Internet, translating it into a radio
signal and sending it to the computer's wireless adapter (Brain & Wilson, 2011). Scenario 5 0
What wireless technology is being used in this scenario? Wireless Local Area Network 1 Why is this
technology appropriate for this scenario? The laptop is not tied to any cables and is using an access
point located in the building. 2 For the wireless technology you identified, what is the standard
transmission distance and transfer speed? 375' and 11Mbps 3 Use the Internet to research one to two
applications of the illustrated wireless technology. List each

A Brief Note On Vehicular Networks And The Future Of The...
In the paper "Vehicular networks and the future of the mobile internet" by Mario Gerla and Leonard
Kleinrock, the authors identify the urban Internet infrastructure role that a network of vehicle grids
can support with applications that range from email and voice over IP to emergency operations in
case of natural disaster, terrorist attacks or other events that can disrupt the operation of wired
networks.
The vehicle grid components (radios, access points, spectrum, standards and others) constitute the
concept of VANET (Vehicle Adhoc Network) and they are going to be use in the build of car–to–car
applications. There are a lot of emerging applications that are taking advantage of the VANET. The
focus of this paper is to review the role of the Internet Infrastructure in supporting vehicular
applications. The main different between the VANET and MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) is
that in VANET the wired Internet Infrastructure is accessible and omnipresent via Wi–Fi, DSRC,
WiMAX, 3G, LTE.
A usual practice of considering the wireless network an extensions attached by a edge gateways is
becoming non economical and instead the use of mesh networks, overlays and virtualization is been
considered as a viable option to connect the services on the internet backbone.
The paper examines the emerging application that can be provided and the vehicle oriented internet
services. These have been the first steps towards mobile vehicle architecture.
Most of the investigation already performed

Case Study Of Wireless Technologies Essay
Case study of Wireless Technologies in Industrial Applications
Rahul Hanumanth Rao
Computer Information System, Minnesota State University, Mankato
Abstract–In this current generation, technology is at its best, which is developing many better things
which are easier than it is used to be before. WI–FI which stands for wireless–fidelity which means
it is a wireless way to handle networking which helps computers, smartphones, or other devices to
connect to the Internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within a particular area. This
paper explains information about different communication modules such as Bluetooth, RF and Zig
bee in industrial applications. In this paper, an overall comparison of these three modules are made
which are based upon their industrial applications and characteristics such as standard, bandwidth,
battery life, data rate, and maximum transmission range etc.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless is defined as a term that describes about telecommunications where the electromagnetic
waves will carry the signals over part or all of the communication path. In the early 20th century,
there was first wireless transmitters which went on air using Morse code was using radiotelegraphy
and then it was called as "Radio" because modulation was made possible which is used to transmit
voices and music via this wireless medium radio. Wireless technology is biggest contribution ever to
mankind and it is rapidly evolving and even large number of people are relying

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Wifi Hotspot
Wi–Fi hotspot
The term Wi–Fi Hotspot is utilized to group a range where Wi–Fi access is accessible. It can either
be through a shut remote system at home or out in the open spots like eateries or air terminals.
Hotspots are outfitted with a broadband web association, and one or more get to directs that permit
clients toward access the web remotely. Hotspot can be setup in any open area that can bolster a web
association. There are numerous "Wi–Fi hotspots" now accessible in broad daylight spots like
eateries, inns and air terminals.
Wi–Fi alliance
Wi–Fi Alliance® is the overall system of organizations that brings us Wi–Fi. In 1999 different
diverse organizations joined together and shaped a non benefit ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Changes the way individuals live, convey, work and play.
Many solid and without bug Wi–Fi items in the business
It serves to wind up more profitable at home, as web shopping and saving money;
Wi–Fi innovation permits escaping from home office and working in different rooms.
It allows fast data transfer rates.
There is ease of installation and hence Wi–Fi is quick and easy to be set up.
Disadvantages of Wi–Fi:
The 802.11b and 802.11g principles of Wi–Fi utilize the 2.4 GHz range, which is swarmed with
different gadgets, for example, Bluetooth, microwave broilers, cordless telephones, or feature sender
gadgets, among numerous others.
Power utilization is genuinely high contrasted with different principles, making battery life and
warmth a worry.
It is not generally arranged legitimately by clients.
Wi–Fi has restricted extent and consequently it is one of the inconveniences
Wi–Fi Security WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy): The first encryption system indicated by the
IEEE802.11 standard. As its name suggests, this standard was expected to make remote systems as
secure as wired systems.
The basic key lengths are at present 128–and

The Wlan
A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area network, which is the linking of two or more
computers without using wires. It is the same as LAN, but has a wireless interface. WLAN utilizes
spread–spectrum technology based on radio waves to enable communication between devices in a
limited area, also known as the basic service set. This gives users the mobility to move around
within a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network.
Wireless Local Area networks (WLANs) have been employed to add mobility features to office and
campus networks since the late 1980s. This article presents a discussion of the current state of
WLAN technology and some of the products available.
Physically, there are two ways to implement wireless ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The standard developed by working group 802.11 was accepted by the IEEE board during the
summer of 1997 and became IEEE standard 802.11–1997. The new standard defines three different
physical implementations (signaling techniques and modulations), a Media Access Control function,
and a Management function. The three physical implementations are:
1. Direct sequence spread spectrum radio (DSSS) in the 2.4 GHz band,
2. Frequency hopping spread spectrum radio (FHSS) in the 2.4 GHz band, and
3. Infrared light (IR).
All of the implementations support data rates of 1 Mb/s and, optionally, 2 Mb/s. The 802.11 working
group is currently considering additions to the standard that will provide higher data rates (5.5 and
11 Mb/s) in the 2.4 GHz band and additions that will allow wireless LANs to operate in a 5 GHz
band. Acceptance of the standard for higher data rates in the 2.4 GHz band is expected in October of
1998.
Need For WLANs
One characteristic of the IT industry is that it tends to over hype 'new' technology while ignoring the
applicable lessons taught by older technologies–many of which were over hyped in their day.
Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology, specifically the 802.11 family of standards, is a current case in
point.
Yes, it can be very useful and when deployed properly, very convenient. A wireless network can be
used to solve all sorts of tricky

Wireless
Wireless Security
Technical Point–of–View
Wireless Security
Technical Point–of–View
W ireless network (Wi–Fi) is now widely established and utilized at home, offices and everywhere
in public areas such as rail stations, streets, and etc. This newsletter provides the technical
knowledge of Wi–Fi technologies, relevant threats and countermeasures for building a secure
internal Wi–Fi network.
For the end user best practices of using Wi–Fi, please refer to another newsletter entitled "Wireless
Network, Best Practices for General User". Wireless Technologies |
Classification of Networks
Technological advancement in wireless communications has led to the worldwide proliferation of
networks. The various kinds of network ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Please respond with the code sent to your mobile device to stop unauthorized activity."
The victim replies with the code, and the attacker gains access to the victim's email account.
As Grzonkowski notes, after resetting the account password, the attacker could send the victim an
SMS stating, "Thank you for verifying your Google account. Your temporary password is
[TEMPORARY PASSWORD."
New Spear Phishing Attack Bypasses Two Factor Authentication5
By clicking on the "forgot password" link and requesting the verification code, the attacker prompts
the email provider to send an SMS message with the code to the victim's mobile phone.
To get the code, the attacker then sends the victim a separate SMS message saying something like,
"Google has detected unusual activity on your account. Please respond with the code sent to your
mobile device to stop unauthorized activity."

The victim replies with the code, and the attacker gains access to the victim's email account.
As Grzonkowski notes, after resetting the account password, the attacker could send the victim an
SMS stating, "Thank you for verifying your Google account. Your temporary password is
[TEMPORARY PASSWORD."
As there are obvious flaws in WEP, another wireless security algorithm, Wi–Fi Protected Access
(WPA), was introduced in 2003 by Wi–Fi Alliance4. WPA was the interim security

Networking
#1
a. LAN
b. MAN
c. WAN
#3
MAC– media access control
#5 WAN wide area network
#7 Topology– the architecture of a network
#9 D. token–ring hub
#11 hub– broadcasts the data it receives t oall devices connected to its ports
Switch– forwards a fram it receives directly out the port associated with its destination address
#13
A. frame size
#15 64 and 1518 bytes
#17 organizationally unique identifier– the first 6 digits of an address which are used to indicate the
vendor of the network interface.
#19
a. 00–C0–4F–49–68–AB: dell computer
b. 00–0A–27–B7–3E–F8: apple computer inc.
c. 00–04–76–B6–9D–06: com corporation
d. 00–00–36–69–42–27: ATARI corporation
#21 TCP/IP transmission control protocol/ internet protocol
#23 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This gives hackers more time to crack the encryption.
Advantages of WPA over WEP are:
Length of IV (initialization vector) is now 48, comparing to WEP's 24. This gives you over 500
trillion possible key combinations.
IV has much better protection with better encryption methods. This is prevention of reuse of IV
keys.
Master keys are never directly used. Better key management. Impressive message integrity
checking.
#33 The SSID (or Service Set IDentifier) names and identifies a wireless network,
It is something that access points broadcast to client devices to announce the presence of the access
point.
The SSID denotes the name of a network on a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and could be

any name up to thirty–two (32) characters in lenght.
For security reasons, broadcasting of this SSID is commonly turned off on some routers.
#35 the IP addresses are handled by by the router which will give a private IP address this allows all
home computers to have access to the internet. NAT translates the private IP address to a public
address for routing over the internet.
#37 a VPN establishes a secure network connection and protects the LAN's data from being seen by
outsiders. The VPN connection enables a remote or mobile user to access the network as if they
were actually at the network, the connection is encrypted providing privacy for the data packets
being transmitted.
#39 a port number tracked with the client computer's private address when

Digital Divide And The Digital Gap
As I was researching and looking around for ideas to write this research paper about, one subject
that piqued my interest was the digital divide. I had seen a digital divide in my previous job of
working for the local public library in my hometown. The digital divide is more or less the
difference in the rates that people utilize computers, the internet and other forms of information and
communication technology, otherwise referred to as ICT (Wong, 2009). The digital divide in essence
describes the social inequity in accessing ICT between individuals in society (Ritzhaupt, 2013). Our
library was pretty much the only public access point in the county where individuals could come and
utilize free computers and internet access. I saw many people who had no other access to technology
come in and use the library for educational purposes, job searches and applications, and conduct
general business. As the teen specialist, I was over the Teen Advisory Board, and I came to
understand the economic circumstances some of the teens who were coming to the library were
dealing with on a daily basis. Often times, without the library, they would have no means to
complete their school work. I know that we had one teen who came in to the use the computers
because his parents had to pawn his computer to pay the rent one month. Where the trouble comes in
though, is that several years ago the library was in danger of closing. Most people don't realize that
while public libraries do

The Time Of The Internet Of Things
To stay connected from any time and any where to any one, any thing and all the things in between
is the sole job of the internet of things (IoT). The internet plays an important role in the modern
lifestyle of almost all people around the world. From daily routine home chores to industrial means,
everything is dependent on the internet either directly or indirectly in order to have network
connectivity to each other. The Internet of things came to define several technologies that enable the
use of wireless networks and smart sensors to communicate. The Internet of things allows things to
be sensed and controlled remotely in wireless network infrastructure (Watts, & Porter, 1997).
The early working system in wireless communication started in 1832 by Baron Schilling in Russia,
who created electromagnetic telegraph using electrical signals. In 1833, Carl Friedrich Gauss and
Wilhelm Weber created a new code, which could communicate over 1200 meter distance in
Göttingen, Germany. Shortly after, in 1835 Joseph Henry and Edward Davy reshaped electrical relay
by using a magnetic coil that amplified currents. As a result, they could send their electrical signal to
far longer distances. 1926 was a year for yet another revolution in the wireless world. Nikola Tesla,
an electrical engineer and futurist, invented wireless power transfer (WPT). Wireless power transfer
was used to transmit signals to long distances by using electromagnetic fields in a relative field to
transmit the power

Cost Scenario Essay
Cost Scenario University of Phoenix ECO 561PR October 22, 2012 Professor Adelaida Torres Dilan
Cost Scenario The San Juan Cell Phones Scenario Summary talk about this company that
manufacture cell phones where Maria Perez, a business development specialist, secured an order of
100,000 units with this major chain, which is an opportunity to the company to increase their
production and their profit. Cell phones are very important to the community these days for
business, to keep in touch with the family or just to feel independent and secure. The first cell phone
was created in 1973 by Martin Cooper of Motorola and others assistants and in 1984 they were
available to the public. Today cell phones are more than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our recommendation to San Juan Cell Phones, taking in consideration the risk is to accept the order
from Big Box and buy the 100,000 phones from the OEM Company, which will be able to meet the
deadline, make an identical phone to the Alpha model, and the price will be fourteen dollars for each
unit. This alternative will generate a profit $100,000.00, since cell phones would be sold at fifteen
dollars as shown in Table 1–3. The earning are not going to be substantial but at the end we are not
going to lose the customer; promote our company, attract potential customers, which will bring even
bigger profits to the company without cost control. Also we can expand the company and at the end
is going to generate new employments and the possibility of take the company to a major chain
level. In conclusion San Juan Cell Phones is a company that has the opportunity to grow and already
have products that gave them a good profit, but there is always some space to improve their
products. At this moment if when we use all the different strategies for the incorporation of new
products starting with the cost comparison, identify alternatives that increment the cost, analyze the
different risk, establish recommendation and elaborate a work plan that benefit the company. It is
important to always involve the personnel because they are the heavy bones

Application Of Using An Application For A Communication...
Any user using an application in a communication network will expect the quality of the application
to be high without annoying interruptions or delays. In mobile environments due to user mobility,
interference and varying channel conditions lead to a variation of the available network resources
which ultimately affects application quality. An approach named over–the–top (OTT) virtual access
network allows the aggregation of multiple wireless networks into a single IP pipe to provide users
with more bandwidth.
So how do you define bandwidth? "Bandwidth is a measurement of bit–rate of available or
consumed data communication resources expressed in bits per second or multiples of it in computer
networking and computer science" [1] The aim ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today's smartphones are equipped with at least two access technologies, e.g. Wi–Fi and Cellular
(3G or 4G LTE). Furthermore, it is possible to use all available technologies for Internet access at
the given time. One of the possible implementation of such a system is an OTT virtual access
network based on UDP tunneling, which has been widely used in Mobile IP or for VPN (Virtual
Private Networks).
In order to minimize the energy consumption at the end device and the usage of the Cellular
spectrum should be used only if necessary [17]. We can aggregate Wi–fi and Cellular link Based on
the detailed information available for a certain application is possible [18], and can be compared in
terms of benefits as well as drawbacks.
The contribution of this paper is in two ways. We define three algorithms in the OTT VAN
architecture which take application type or application quality into account. The objective is to
address the application demands to achieve an effective network. We need evaluate these algorithms
on a scenario basis. We will have to investigate a user watching a YouTube video clip under varying
video quality, while both Cellular and Wi–Fi networks are available. We can evaluate the user aware
quality, Cellular usage, and power consumption of the device using test–bed measurements. Cell
phones get the energy from the batteries which is needed for their operation. Battery limit is
seriously limited because of

It 241 Week 1 Cp Essay

More Related Content

Similar to It 241 Week 1 Cp Essay

More from Deborah Gastineau

Recently uploaded

It 241 Week 1 Cp Essay