This document discusses synthetic polymers. Synthetic polymers are man-made polymers created through chemical processes in laboratories by linking monomers together. Examples of synthetic polymers include plastics, fibers, and elastomers. While synthetic polymers have many applications, they also cause pollution problems as most are non-biodegradable. Methods to address this include reducing use, reusing and recycling polymers, as well as developing biodegradable polymers.
Natural polymers by Dr. khlaed shmareekhخالد شماريخ
the presentation is about the natural polymers i.e. classification, applications, properties and examples. it is in 25 pages in shortcuted manner and simple method.
The presentation gives a brief idea about polymers,its definition,types of polymers,common examples of polymers,polymerization and its types,polymer processing and applications of polymers.
Natural polymers by Dr. khlaed shmareekhخالد شماريخ
the presentation is about the natural polymers i.e. classification, applications, properties and examples. it is in 25 pages in shortcuted manner and simple method.
The presentation gives a brief idea about polymers,its definition,types of polymers,common examples of polymers,polymerization and its types,polymer processing and applications of polymers.
Biopolymers are polymers that can be found in or manufactured by, living organisms. These also involve polymers that are obtained from renewable resources that can be used to manufacture Bioplastics by polymerization. Bioplastics are the plastics that are created by using biodegradable polymers
Here we will see the classifications, Collection, Handling & Sorting, different methods of sorting of plastics
About Biodegradable polymers, how to use it and reuse it
The following slides contain introduction to biomedical polymers, their properties and classification. These polymers are classified in the basis of their sources as natural and synthetic polymers. synthetic polymers are classified on the basis of their functionality. Selection parameter and applications of biomedical polymers are also included.
polymerization is a process of bonding monomer, or "single units" together through a variety of reaction mechanisms to form longer chains named Polymer.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
* Introduction to polymers.
* Polymerization.
* Characteristics of an ideal polymer.
* Classification of polymer on different bases- Origin, Monomer,
Thermalresponse, Mode of formation,structure & Biodegradability
* Some other parameters of polymer classification - Crystallinity & BackboneAtom
* Conclusion
Biopolymers are polymers that can be found in or manufactured by, living organisms. These also involve polymers that are obtained from renewable resources that can be used to manufacture Bioplastics by polymerization. Bioplastics are the plastics that are created by using biodegradable polymers
Here we will see the classifications, Collection, Handling & Sorting, different methods of sorting of plastics
About Biodegradable polymers, how to use it and reuse it
The following slides contain introduction to biomedical polymers, their properties and classification. These polymers are classified in the basis of their sources as natural and synthetic polymers. synthetic polymers are classified on the basis of their functionality. Selection parameter and applications of biomedical polymers are also included.
polymerization is a process of bonding monomer, or "single units" together through a variety of reaction mechanisms to form longer chains named Polymer.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
* Introduction to polymers.
* Polymerization.
* Characteristics of an ideal polymer.
* Classification of polymer on different bases- Origin, Monomer,
Thermalresponse, Mode of formation,structure & Biodegradability
* Some other parameters of polymer classification - Crystallinity & BackboneAtom
* Conclusion
Intrduction to polymers in materials science and engineeringmojeedadisa
Introduction to Polymers in Materials Science and Engineering
Unveiling the Building Blocks of Our World
This presentation delves into the fascinating world of polymers, the ubiquitous materials that shape our everyday lives. We'll explore their fundamental characteristics, how they're formed, and the diverse applications they enable in materials science and engineering.
Key areas covered:
What are polymers? (definition, structure, types)
Unveiling the building blocks: monomers and polymerization
Natural vs. synthetic polymers: Exploring their origins
Tailoring properties for specific applications
Processing techniques: Bringing polymers to life
From concept to creation: Applications across industries
Join us as we discover the power of polymers and their remarkable impact on shaping our world!
From the stone age to the age of computers, a significant development is self evident in the materials that make our daily life comfortable. One of these revolutionary materials in the modern world is polymers. Polymers are natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers. These are present in almost every aspect of modern day lives because of their vast spectrum of properties. Natural polymers like wool, cotton, and silk are present in our society long before the notion itself. In 1869 John Wesley Hyatt invented celluloid, the first synthetic plastic, while searching for an artificial replacement for ivory. It was not until 1907 when polymers entered the industrial sector with the invention of Bakelite, the first fully synthetic plastic, containing zero naturally occurring molecules. These inventions later emerged as a field of macromolecular chemistry, a field closely associated with the name of Herman Staudinger, who received the Nobel Prize in 1953 for first proposing the idea of polymerization a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains . Since then, there have been several developments in the synthesis of various polymers, contributing to six more Nobel prizes associated with the field of polymeric sciences. In this review we will discuss some of the most commonly used polymers in everyday life. Dr. Pushpraj Singh "Polymers Used in Everyday Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48033.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/polymer-chemistry/48033/polymers-used-in-everyday-life/dr-pushpraj-singh
Many materials in day to day use are made from natural and synthetic polymers as constituents. Polymer based industries are products of research and development.
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could n.docxChantellPantoja184
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could not long endure without the goods or products that the polymer industry provides (p. 607). These polymeric products include clothing, household/office, indoor and outdoor gadgets, and furnishings that are manufactured from natural and synthetic polymers. Polymers are not ordinarily considered hazardous materials since they are stable at ambient conditions; however, most of the products burn and produce toxic gases (Meyer, 2014). Because of their widespread use, it is of benefit to understand why and how they can pose hazards, especially during fires. For this unit, we will study the features and structural characteristics of commonly encountered polymers as well as the hazards that they pose when they burn. What are polymers? The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) education website defines polymers as substances or macromolecules that “are composed of very large molecules with molecular weights ranging from a few thousand to as high as millions of grams/mole” (n.d., para. 1). For additional information on polymers, visit http://www.iupac.org/polyedu/page33/page33.html. The structure of a macromolecule is essentially comprised of multiple repetitions of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low molecular mass. Polymers can be natural or synthetic, but most of us probably associate polymers with the synthetic ones such as plastic. Examples of natural polymers include protein, starch, cellulose, and DNA that make up most of the structures of living tissue. Synthetic polymers include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, and polyethylene. UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE Chemistry of Toxic Substances BOS 3640, Interactions of Hazardous Materials 2 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Types of synthetic polymers: Synthetic polymers are often referred to as plastics, and most of them can be classified into the categories of elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosets: Thermoplastics are polymers that soften when heated but return to their original condition on cooling to ambient temperature (e.g., polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene). Thermosets are polymers that cannot be remolded once they have solidified, such as polyurethane. Elastomers have elasticity like rubber (Polymer Science Learning Center, 2005). Polymerization is the chemical reaction during which monomers are linked and cross-linked to form polymers. The polymerization reaction is characterized by the macromolecule/polymer that is produced (see Figures 14.1 and 14.2 of the textbook). According to Meyer (2014), chemists have found when they examined the three-dimensional structure of polymers that the chains of repeating units are invariably cross-linked as shown in Figure 14.3 of the textbook. Note the following information about polymers: Intentional cross-linking technique for polymers is used during the production of thermoset plastics to make the polymer denser, stronger, and even elastic.
Polymers are very large molecules made when hundreds of monomers join together to form long chains .
The word POLYMER comes from the Greek words poly means many and mer means parts .
Polymer is used as a synonym for plastic .
All plastics are polymers , but not all polymers are plastics
Chemistry of plastics, rubber and resinsrita martin
Plastics any synthetic or semi-synthetic organic material includes chains of carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. Rubber elastic substance divided into two groups natural, synthetic rubber. Resin is a natural or synthetic hydrocarbon secreted many plants
🔥 Attention all engineers and tech enthusiasts! 🔥
Do you know that there's a world of non-metal materials just waiting to revolutionize the field of engineering? 🌍💡
Imagine a future where durable, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant materials take center stage in our infrastructure projects, automotive designs, and even space exploration missions. 🚀✨
From advanced ceramics to polymers, composites, and even biomaterials, the possibilities are endless! 💫✨
But why should we be excited about non-metal materials in the first place? 🤔
Here are just a few reasons:
1️⃣ Improved Performance: Non-metal materials offer exceptional strength-to-weight ratios, allowing engineers to design cutting-edge structures that are both strong and lightweight. 🏗️🌈
2️⃣ Corrosion Resistance: Say goodbye to rust and erosion! Non-metal materials can withstand harsh environments, making them ideal for applications in marine, chemical, and even aerospace industries. 🌊🛰️
3️⃣ Design Flexibility: With non-metal materials, engineers have the freedom to create complex shapes and designs that were once thought impossible. This opens up a world of opportunities for innovative and aesthetically pleasing products. 🎨🔩
4️⃣ Energy Efficiency: Non-metal materials often offer better insulation properties, reducing energy consumption and contributing to a greener future. 🌿💡
So, let's celebrate the incredible potential of non-metal materials in engineering and embrace a future where strength, durability, and sustainability go hand in hand. 🌟🏗️
Tag a fellow engineer or industry professional who should be part of this transformative journey. Together, let's shape a world where innovation knows no bounds! 💪🌎✨
#EngineeringRevolution #NonMetalMaterials #InnovationUnleashed #FutureOfEngineering #TechEnthusiasts #LimitlessPossibilities
PLASTICS.pdf ALL ABOUT THE JOURNEY OF PLASTICSShriguniAdmane
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has led to its widespread use. Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.[1]
9.2 billion tonnes of plastic are estimated to have been made between 1950 and 2017. More than half this plastic has been produced since 2004. In 2020, 400 million tonnes of plastic were produced.[2] If global trends on plastic demand continue, it is estimated that by 2050 annual global plastic production will reach over 1.1 billion tonnes.
The success and dominance of plastics starting in the early 20th century has caused widespread environmental problems,[3] due to their slow decomposition rate in natural ecosystems. Most plastic produced has not been reused, or is incapable of reuse, either being captured in landfills or persisting in the environment as plastic pollution and microplastics. Plastic pollution can be found in all the world's major water bodies, for example, creating garbage patches in all of the world's oceans and contaminating terrestrial ecosystems. Of all the plastic discarded so far, some 14% has been incinerated and less than 10% has been recycled.[2]
In developed economies, about a third of plastic is used in packaging and roughly the same in buildings in applications such as piping, plumbing or vinyl siding.[4] Other uses include automobiles (up to 20% plastic[4]), furniture, and toys.[4] In the developing world, the applications of plastic may differ; 42% of India's consumption is used in packaging.[4] In the medical field, polymer implants and other medical devices are derived at least partially from plastic. Worldwide, about 50 kg of plastic is produced annually per person, with production doubling every ten years.
The world's first fully synthetic plastic was Bakelite, invented in New York in 1907, by Leo Baekeland,[5] who coined the term "plastics".[6] Dozens of different types of plastics are produced today, such as polyethylene, which is widely used in product packaging, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in construction and pipes because of its strength and durability. Many chemists have contributed to the materials science of plastics, including Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger, who has been called "the father of polymer chemistry," and Herman Mark, known as "the father of polymer physics"The word plastic derives from the Greek πλαστικός (plastikos) meaning "capable of being shaped or molded," and in turn from πλαστός (plastos) meaning "molded."
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
4. Polymers are large molecules made up of
many smaller and identical repeating units
joined together by covalent bonds . These
molecules are called monomers .
Polymerisation is the chemical process by
which the monomers are joined together to
form a big molecule known as a polymer .
A polymer is a macromolecules (a very big
molecules) . Hence , the relative molecular
mass of a polymer is large .
The properties of a polymer are different from
its monomers .
5.
6. POLYMERS CAN
DIVIDED INTO 2 TYPES:
a) Naturally occurring polymers
Polymers that exists in living things
in nature (plants and animals)
b) Synthetic polymer
Polymers that are man-made by
chemical processes in the
laboratories.
7. NATURALLY OCCURRING
POLYMERS
1) Naturally occurring polymers exist in plants or
animals.
2) Examples of naturally occurring polymers are
a) Protein : in muscles,skin,silk,hair,wool and fur
b) Carbohydrates : in starch and cellulose.
c) Natural rubber : in latex.
3) Protein is formed by the polymerisation of
monomers known as amino acids.
amino acids polymerisation protein
(monomers) (polymers)
8. 4) Carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose
consist of monomers known as glucose joined
together chemically.
5) Natural rubber found in latex consist of
monomers known as isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-
diene) joined together chemically.
glucose polymerisation carbohydrates
(monomers) (polymers)
H CH3 H H H CH3 H H
n C = C - C = C - C – C = C – C -
H H H H n
isoprene(monomer) natural rubber (polymer)
9. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
1. Synthetic polymers are polymers made in the
industry from chemical substances.
2. Through scientific research , scientist are able to
copy the structures of natural polymers to
produce synthetic polymers.
3. Many of the raw materials for synthetic polymers
are obtained from petroleum , after the refining
and cracking processes.
4. The types of synthetic polymers include
a) Plastics
b) Fibre
c) Elastomers
17. ELASTOMER
1. An elastomer is a polymer that can regain its original
shape after being stretched or pressed.
2. Both natural rubber and synthetic rubber are
examples of elastomers.
3. Examples of synthetic rubber are neoprene and
styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
4. SBR is used to make car tyres.
5. There are two types of polymerisation processes:
Addition polymerisation
Condensation polymerisation
6. Plastics such as polythene and PVC are produced by
addition polymerisation,whereas synthetic fibres
such as nylon and Terylene are made by
condensation polymerisation
31. POLLUTION PROBLEM CAUSED BY
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
1. Most polymers are non-biodegradable,that is they
cannot be decomposed by bacteria or other
microorganisms. This will cause disposal
problems as the polymers will not decay like other
organic garbage.
2. Dicarded plastic items may cause blockage of
drainage systems and rivers thus causing flash
floods.
3. Plastic bottles and containers that are not buried
in the ground will become breeding grounds for
mosquitoes which will cause diseases such as
dengue.
32. 4. Small plastic items that are thrown into the
rivers,lakes and seas are sometimes swallowed
by aquatic animals. These animals may die from
choking.
5. The open burning of polymers may release
harmful and poisonous gases that will cause air
pollution. For example,the burning of PVC will
release hydrogen chloride gas which contributes
to the acid rain problem. The burning of some
polymers will release toxic gas such as hydrogen
cyanide.
6. The main source of raw materials for the making
of synthetic polymers is petroleum. Petroleum is a
non-renewable resource.
33. METHODS TO OVERCOME
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF
POLYMERS
REDUCE,REUSE AND RECYCLE SYNTHETIC
POLYMERS
1. Reduce the use of non-biodegradable polymers.
2. Polymers are collected and reused or
reprocessed to make new items. The biggest
problem is the collection and separation. Not only
must the plastic be separated form other types of
solid waste but the different type of polymers
must be separated from each other.
34. DEVELOP BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS
The polymers can be decomposed by
bacteria,other microorganisms or simply by
sunlight (photodegradable). One type of
biodegradable polymer was developed by
incorporating starch molecules into the plastic
materials so that they can be decomposed by
bacteria. However, biodegradable polymers
are usually more expensive.