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- 1. POLYMERS AN OVERVIEW (How it influenced our life's ) SUBMITTED TO: Dr. ANAS SUBMITTED BY: SHERIN PETER SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE
- 2. What is apolymer..? Polymers are high molecular mass compound obtained from joining of repeating structural unit called monomer. ( Polymerization ) Monomer Polymer
- 3. RUBBERS BRICK POLYMERIC MATERIALS INORGANIC ORGANIC NATURAL SYNTHETIC FIBRES CLAY SAND GLASS CEMENT POTTERY NATURAL SYNTHETIC ADHESIVES FIBRES PAINTS PLASTICS POLYSACHARIDES PROTEINS POLYISOPRENE RUBBER ADHESIVESFIBRESADHESIVES FIBRES POLY – MANY MEROS – PARTS ( GREEK)
- 4. History of polymerevolution 1820 - mastication of NR (Hancock) 1839 - vulcanization of NR (Good year) 1865 - development of cellulose acetate 1870 - development of celluloid (cellulose nitrate and camphor) 1907 - development of Bakelite (Baekeland); first purely synthetic plastic 1920 - Birth of modern polymer science (H. STAUDINGER )
- 5. History of polymerevolution 1930 – Concept of polymer established 1930 - development of PS 1940 - onwards development of various rubbers, plastics, fibers. 1953 - Nobel Prize- H. Staudinger 1974 - Mechanism Of Polymerization – P.J.Flory (Nobel Prize )
- 6. 1930 -styrene- butadiene rubber (SBR) 1936 - poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) 1936 - poly chloroprene (CR) 1936 - poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 1936 - poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) 1937 - polystyrene (PS) 1939 - nylon 66 1941 - polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE) 1942 - unsaturated polyester 1943 - polyethylene (PE) 1943 - butyl rubber (IIR) 1957 - polycarbonate (PC) 1964 - Ionomer resins 1965 - polyimides 1970 - thermoplastic elastomers 1974 - aromatic polyamides Major polymer discoveries
- 7. How Polymers Influenceour daily life
- 8. Fields of application Construction House holds Transportation & Automobile Sports Agriculture Medicine & Cosmetics Toys & Other Products…
- 9. Polymers in constructionalfield Application of polymer in construction field mainly account for flooring, Windows, Cladding, Pipes, Sealant, Insulators etc.. Strong but light weight hence easy transportation and maneuver. durable, knock-and scratch resistant with excellent weatherability. easy to install; many have a snap-fit kind of jointing procedures limitless possibilities in design achieved by extrusion, bending, moulding etc.
- 10. Polymers in Households Polymers have great number of application in households such as mugs, Hanker, Chair, Bottle, Toys, Plastic bags etc.. Low cost and durability High temperature resistance & non-stickiness for frying pans, Versatility and convenience Easy maintenance
- 11. Polymers in transportation One of the most wide application of polymers is in automobile sector such as tire, Mounting, Dashboard, Fiber boats, Wind panels, Hoses etc.. Better load carrying to vibration absorption ratio. Light weight but high strength Better weather resistance & corrosion resistance. Better overall efficiency
- 12. Polymers used insports Polymers have a significant role in improving athletic performances as well as improving safety. Light weight with impact resistance. Good aesthetic appearance with flexibility. Improved performance of overall sports.
- 13. Polymers in Agriculture Polymeric soil conditioners improved productivity by its increased water holding capacity, water efficiency, stopping water erosion and water run-off etc.. Solarisation (1970) to remove parasites from land. (later B.P were introduced).
- 14. Polymers in medicine& Cosmetics Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Carrier Systems Eg:Lactide/ Glycolide Copolymers have been used for the delivery of steroids, anticancer agent, antibiotics, etc. polyacrylate used as dental filler. PMMA is also used. PTFE is used in heart valve because of its high chemical stability UHMWPE chosen for artificial joint because of its low friction coefficient, high resistance to wear, high impact resistance, high ductility and stability in the body Pressure Sensitive Adhesive polymers used in wound healing Fig. 4b PMMA template after polymerization, showing molded plug
- 15. Polymers in toys& other products Commodity plastic are used for making toys day to day life products High performance polymers are used in Engineering application Low cost for commodity products and high performance in engineering application makes its versatile.
- 16. Disadvantages of Polymers Many of the advantages of polymer later turns out to be its disadvantages ; Such as, Non-Bio degradability Difficulties in disposal ( evolution of poison gases on burning- dioxin - PVC ) Improper handling Difficulties in sorting for recycling.
- 17. How to overcome..??? Use a reusable produce bag. A single plastic bag can take 1,000 years to degrade. Purchase or make your own reusable produce bag and be sure to wash them often! Give up gum. Gum is made of a synthetic rubber, aka plastic. Buy boxes instead of bottles. Often, products like laundry detergent come in cardboard which is more easily recycled than plastic. Purchase food, like cereal, pasta, and rice from bulk bins and fill a reusable bag or container. You save money and unnecessary packaging.
- 18. How to overcome..??? Pack your lunch in reusable containers and bags. Use a reusable product than single time use product Use a reusable bottle or mug for your beverages, even when ordering from a to-go shop Bring your own container for take-out or your restaurant doggy-bag since many restaurants use Styrofoam.
- 19. How to overcome..??? Use matches instead of disposable plastic lighters or invest in a refillable metal lighter. Ask your local grocer to take your plastic containers (for berries, tomatoes, etc.) back. If you shop at a farmers market they can refill it for y Make fresh squeezed juice or eat fruit instead of buying juice in plastic bottles. It's healthier and better for the environment.
- 20. Mass waste disposalmethods…? Planning Recycling Chemical decomposition Combustion, incineration Decomposition
- 21. Planning or prevention Decreasedwall thickness Larger portions Re-useable packaging Re-fill of material 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Tömeg(g) 1977 1986 1987 1988 1990 1999 Év
- 22. Recycling – process,difficulties Difficulties Agglomeration Selection Cleaning Washing
- 23. Chemical decomposition Coking Cracking Depolymerization Electro kinetic deboning Hydrogenation Hydrolysis, glycolysis Molten metal Solution Pyrolysis O O O O O O O OH O HO O + H2O +
- 24.
- 25. Decomposition ( Notapplicable ) 0 days 12 days 33 days 45 days
- 26. Future Solution =Biodegradable polymer One of the problems with traditional plastics is that they do not break down when thrown away. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be broken down. They are converted into carbon dioxide, water and minerals by micro-organisms. Biodegradable plastics are increasingly being used in carrier bags, bin bags and food packaging. Biodegradable plastics, such as polylactide, are plant-based polymers. They are often made from starch that has been modified to become more stable.
- 27. Conclusion….. The humanrace is so attached with polymer and polymer product so that a sudden ignorance is not an appropriate option. Biodegradable polymer can be used as a future solution Optimization of use is also necessary Proper guidance and awareness can be a great tool POLYMER IS MANS BEST FRIEND, IF USED PROPERLY
- 28. Reference…. Polymer Applicationsin Agriculture (L. O. Ekebafe, D. E. Ogbeifun and F. E. Okieimen) The History of Plastics (Department of Plastics Engineering - Lowell ) Wikipedia Polymer Science ( Gowariker ) Plastic materials ( Brickson )