This document summarizes the development of a novel zeolite synthesized from fly ash for treating wastewater. The synthesis process involves mixing fly ash with sodium hydroxide and refluxing for 98 hours at 383K until neutral pH is reached. This combination of conventional and microwave synthesis increases the zeolite's porosity and cation exchange capacity (CEC) for effective wastewater treatment. Characterization tests and efficiency tests were performed to evaluate the zeolite's ability to remove various cations and anions from wastewater via ion exchange and adsorption. Process optimization studies examined factors like CEC, pH control, reaction time and temperature to improve the zeolite synthesis.

1. Development of a Novel fly ash
based Zeolite for treatment of
Waste Water
By
Vinit Sehgal,
B.E. Student,
Department of Civil
Engineering,
BIT-Mesra, Ranchi

2. 66%
26%
3% 5%
Thermal
Hydel
Nuclear
RES
Energy status in India
Source:Ministry of power, 2009
www.powermin.nic.in

6. Preparation of a novel fly ash
based zeolite for treatment of
waste water

7.  Synthesis of Zeolites & Process Optimization
 Zeolite Characterization
 Efficiency testing for Cation removal by Ion
exchange
 Anion removal by Surface Modification
 Incorporation of disinfecting agents
 Efficiency Testing

9. Role of Zeolites??
Zeolites are microporous aluminosilicates of the general formula
Mx/n [(AlO2)x (SiO2)y].z H2O where n is the charge of the metal
cation, M n+.
M is usually Na+, K+ or Ca2+ and z is the number of moles of water of
hydration, which is highly variable. In this framework, some of the
silicon atoms are replaced by aluminium atoms. Zeolites are found in
nature and they are also synthesized for catalytic selectivity. Because of
the three dimensional cage like structure, zeolites can be used as ion-
exchange materials and selective adsorbents.
Zeolite can be regenerated using a salt solution which provides a high
concentration of sodium ions to reverse the exchange reaction. In this case
hardness is released as a concentrated chloride
Ca X or Mg X +2NaCl→Na2X + CaCl2 or MgCl2
Ca
Mg
SO4
2-
2Cl-
2HCO3
-
Na2 Z Z
Ca
Mg
Na2SO4
2NaCl
2NaHCO3
2+

10.  Adsorption( Molecular
Sieves)
 Ion Exchange
CaCl2 + Na2Z CaZ+ 2NaCl
MgCl + Na2Z MgZ +2NaCl
CaSO4 +Na2Z CaZ + Na2SO4
Mg2SO4 + Na2Z MgZ + Na2SO4
Ca(HCO3)2
Na2Z CaZ + 2NaHCO3
Mg(HCO3) + Na2Z MgZ + 2NaHCO3

12. Zeolite Synthesis from Fly Ash
Conventional
Hydrothermal Treatment
Fusion Membrane Extraction Microwave
Pre-Treatment
FA+NaOH/KOH
Zeolite
50% Conversion
FA+ NaOH
Pellets
Sodium Silicate
Dissolve in
Alkaline Solution
Hydrothermal Treatment
50% Conversion
Silicone Extraction
Fusion
Hydrothermal Treatment
with addition of Alumninate
Solution
High Purity
5500
c
Reflux & Stirring
FA+ 2M NaOH
Microwave Heating for 2 hrs
Hydrothermal Treatment
Centrifugation
Drying & Crystallization

13.  Alkali source: NaOH/KOH
 FA slurry with Solid:liquid
ratio=140gm:350ml.
 Refluxed for 98hrs under strong
agitation and at 383 K temp. till the pH
becomes neutral

14.  Combination of Conventional and
microwave synthesis
 Increase in Porosity and hence high
CEC values
 Better Quality of Zeolites

15.  High CEC
 pH control
 Effect of Time, Temp and Base
 Process Optimization

26. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Turbity
Concentration(gm/800 ml)
B

27. 450 500 550 600 650
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Wastewater
Zeolite treated water( )
Absorbance(w.r.tdistilwater)
Wavelength (nm)

28. Dosage Fe(III) concentration % removal
0% 0.8ppm __________
0.025%
0.2ppm
75%
0.037%
BDL
100%
0.050%
BDL
100%
0.062%
BDL
100%

31. Thank you……