This document defines and explains different types of sentences, including simple sentences containing one independent clause, compound sentences containing two or more independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunctions, and complex sentences containing one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. It also defines key terms related to sentence structure, such as subjects, predicates, phrases, fragments, and different types of conjunctions.

1. Sentence StructureThe sequence and connection of the words, phrases, and clauses that constitute sentences. SYNTAX

2. Syntax TermsSubjectPredicateSimple SubjectSimple PredicateIndependent ClauseDependent (Sub) ClausePhraseFragmentAppositive Simple Sentence

3. Compound Sentence

4. Complex Sentence

5. Coordinating Conjunction

6. Subordinating ConjunctionA SentenceContains a subject and a predicate Can stand alone as a grammatical unitAlso called an INDEPENDENT CLAUSEThe boy drove to the store.

7. SubjectTells who or what the sentence is aboutConsists of the simple subject and all of its modifiers.The boy drove to the store.

8. PredicateThe part of the sentence performed by or describes the subject.Consists of the verb and all of its modifiers, objects, and complements. The boy drove to the store.

9. Simple SubjectA noun or pronoun completing or receiving the action.Theboydrove to the store.

10. Simple PredicateOnly the verb completed by the simple subject The boy droveto the store.

11. Independent ClauseAnother word for COMPLETE SENTENCEConsists of a SUBJECT and PREDICATE Contains a complete thoughtThe boy drove to the store.

12. Dependent (Subordinate) ClauseA group of words that contains a subject and a predicate, but cannot stand alone.It does not make sense on its own.Whenever hedrove the car

13. PhraseA group of words that lacks a subject, a predicate or both.Screaming like a banshee – missing a subjectThe tallest man – missing a predicate After midnight – missing both

14. FragmentA sentence that lacks a subject, a predicate or both and is punctuated at its end. Screaming like a banshee. – missing a subjectThe tallest man. – missing a predicate After midnight. – missing both

15. Appositive A noun or noun phrase that describes a nearby noun or pronoun. Set off by commas. Mark, the smartest kid in the class, attended Harvard after high school. The smartest kid in the class, Mark, attended Harvard after high school. The only student to attend Harvard was Mark, the smartest kid in the class.

16. Simple SentenceConsists of ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSECan have phrases The boy drove to the store. The woman walked along the beach.Over the rainbow and through the woods to grandmother’s house we go.

17. Coordinating ConjunctionCoordinating conjunctions join single wordsgroups of wordsalways join similar elementssubject+subjectverb phrase+verb phrasesentence+sentence. When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element.FANBOYS – For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

18. Subordinating Conjunction The largest class of conjunctionsConnect subordinate clauses to a main clause. These conjunctions are adverbs used as conjunctions.After,how, till, although,if, unless, as, inasmuch, until,as if, in order, when,as long as, lest, whenever,as much as, now that, where,as soon as, wherever,as though, since,while, because, so that,before, than,even if, that, even though, though

19. Correlative Conjunction Correlative conjunctions also connect sentence elements of the same kind (like Coordinating Conjunctions)Unlike coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs.both...and not only...but also either...or neither...nor whether...or