SymbolicInteraction.Part1of3
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This document provides an introduction to symbolic interactionism by outlining its origins and key concepts. It originated as a reaction against behaviorism, which viewed human behavior as responses to environmental stimuli. Symbolic interactionism posits that humans act based on the meanings they assign to things through social interaction. It discusses the early influences of George Herbert Mead and the development of symbolic interactionism as an approach. Examples of its influence in different fields like anthropology, sociology and communication studies are also mentioned.
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![SYMBOLIC INTERACTION An Introduction Part 1 of 3 2007 Enid Sefcovic, Ph.D. These slides have been created using Microsoft Word 2003 and accessory graphics and are not a template. I have done my best to use no material, other than that which is appropriate to use under Fair Use laws and to provide full attributions. If I have inadvertently overlooked anything, you may notify me at [email_address]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sipart109uop-1231518206537271-1/85/SymbolicInteraction-Part1of3-1-320.jpg)
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Alageel 3ReferencesAntheunis, M. L., Schouten, A. P.,.docx
Alageel 3
References:
Antheunis, M. L., Schouten, A. P., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2012). Interactive uncertainty
reduction strategies and verbal affection in Computer-Mediated Communication.
Communication Research, 39(6), 757-780.
Burgoon, J. K., Bonito, J., Ramirez, A. , Jr., Dunbar, N., Kam, K., & Fischer, J. (2002). Testing
the interactivity principle: Effects of mediation, propinquity, and verbal and nonverbal
modalities in interpersonal interaction. Journal of Communication, 52(3), 657-677.
Mcmahan, E. M. (1976). Nonverbal communication as a function of attribution in impression
formation. Communication Monographs, 43(4), 287-294.
Miczo, N., Segrin, C., & Allspach, L. E. (2001). R etw nonverbal sensitivity,
encoding, and relational satisfaction. ommunication Reports 14 ), 39-48.
Ray, G. B., & Floyd, K. (2006). Nonverbal expressions o Ikmg and disliking in initial
interaction: Encoding and decoding perspectives. Southern Communication Journal,
71(1), 45-65.
Alageel 2
IV: Type of nonverbal usage, such as physical touch, eye contact, written words if provided, etc.
The chosen topic for the research proposal will be about the nonverbal
communication
Impact on friendships and romantic relationships.
e reason for choosing the topic is to check how the nonverb
commumca
iffer d how unication style
is
lookat the studies that are already discussedpre There are a lot of ways to express the nonverbal interactions in different situations,
y.
such as expressing emotions at first time and later meetings, showing preferences, using socimedia later for exampling, etc. The fo thefuture paperis-to ow nonverbal
communâ˘cation was examined in many studies in different situations and what are
at the studies came up with to be applied in future research as for discovering different points
of view in interactions between people in relational experiences. As of how to form expresstons
er al cues from initial meeting and future meetings. The targeted people in the
research will be included from both genders at an adult age starting at 18 years and above.
Looking at Ray and Floyd (2006) is an example of a study for showing the preferences in
nonverbal emotions. Li
previous research while later sources will be provided throughout the process. The provided (\
research questions and variables are the building focus that is going to be tested for the research o
application regarding nonverbal communication settings. S-UV,â
does the firstlimpression make an impact in friendships and romantic r ionships?
D Gender Reaction towards the act.
SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS 3
Running head: SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS
The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents
Student Name
Arizona State University
The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents
In recent years, a rapid increase in technology has changed the way people communicat.
SI.Part3of3.PayneStudy
This slide show summarizes a few key conclusions of the Payne Fund Study, headed by Herbert Blumer. It used symbolic interactionism to analysis media effects of children through college-age young adults.
Albert Bandura & Social Cognitive Theory
Biography of Albert Bandur and overview of social cognitive theory
Albert Bandura & Social Cognitive Theory
Biography of Albert Bandura and overview of Social Cognitive Theory
What is sociology Sociology refers to the study of the
What is sociology?
Sociology refers to the study of the human social relationships or connection as well as
institutions. Besides, one can also define it as the scientific study of the community including the
patterns of social relationships, social interaction as well as culture. Therefore, it is an exciting
field of study which focuses on analyzing and explaining vita aspects in our lives, our societies
as well as the entire universe. Personally, I believe that sociology usually research or investigates
the social causes together with the effects of the various phenomenon such as the romantic love,
racial jointly with the gender identity, family conflict, deviant conduct, aging as well as the
religious faith among others.
Explain the difference between sociology and psychology?
Many people including students considering a major in the fields of social sciences question
what the primary differences are between psychology and sociology since they look so similar.
In some manners, these two fields of study go hand in hand to expose the scientific reality
concerning the humans. Besides, they both have the general goal of assisting individuals to better
understand the complex dynamics of the mental procedures, emotions, conducts as well as the
social relationships. However, there are important unique attributes which make the two fields of
study to be different from one another. For instance, psychology seeks to examine the individual
conducts or behaviors as well its causes while the sociology focuses on studying the group
dynamics as well as behaviors (Ozeren et al., 2007). .
What is sociological perspective?
The sociological perspective is frequently used by sociologists to analyze the social phenomena
at various levels and from different angles. The sociological perspectives define the three basic
categories in which individuals might go about to select how to approach a particular topic and
the methods people might use include the structural functionalism, conflict theory as well as the
symbolic interactionist perspectives. These social perspectives are critical in assisting individuals
to connect their issues with the public problems as well as their history. Moreover, the
sociological perspectives will also attempt to come up with the effects of particular social trends
and also provide a structure for knowing the social world in which we live in.
What is sociological imagination?
The sociological imagination refers to the practice of having the capacity to think ourselves away
from the common routines of our daily lives to view them with fresh and critical eyes. It is also a
vivid knowledge and awareness of the relationship which exists between experience and the
broader community. The sociological imagination is the capability to view things socially and
how they relate and influence one another. Therefore, the sociological imagination by Mills
gives a framewo ...
Discussion 1 ConformityConformity and obedience are forms.docx
Discussion 1: Conformity
Conformity and obedience are forms of social influence, one of the subfields within social psychology. Conformity research addresses the influence the group majority has on individual and group behavior. Sherif and Asch conducted seminal studies on conformity. These researchers and others provide a clear picture of the influence of a group majority on the individual and factors that influence conformity. Research also provides insights into how a minority can influence a group (Fiske, 2014).
For this Discussion, review this weekâs media program, Week 6: The Virtual Office. Consider how conformity occurred in the virtual office and describe the conditions that led to conformity.
With these thoughts in mind:
Assignment a brief description of two conditions in the media that led to conformity and explain why. Using the current literature, explain one way to alter the conditions in the scenario to prevent conformity. Finally, provide an example where conformity might be good and explain why.
.
References:
Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgment. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, leadership and men. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Press.
Fiske, S. T. (2014). Social beings: Core motives in social psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. (1953). Groups in harmony and tension. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Obedience
Another topic within the social psychology subfield of social influence is obedience.Obedience is the impact authority can have on individual behavior. Stanley Milgram pioneered the work in obedience by conducting several studies involving an authority figure and a participant who had to administer (fake) electric shocks to a âlearner.â His videotaped studies produced a sobering picture of the strength of the authority figure/subordinate relationship.
For this Discussion, review this weekâs media, Milgram Electric Shock Experiment Video.Consider the conditions that occurred in the video that led to obedience, and think about instances in which obedience may be harmful.
Assignment an explanation of conditions necessary for obedience to occur. Then describe one situation in which obedience is necessary and one situation in which obedience may be harmful and explain why. Use the current literature to support your response.
.
In search of a better understanding of social presence: An investigation into...
Research on social presence and online learning continues to grow. But to date,
researchers continue to define and conceptualize social presence very
differently. For instance, at a basic level, some conceptualize social presence as
one of three presences within a Community of Inquiry, while others do not.
Given this problem, we analyzed how researchers in highly cited social
presence research defined social presence in an effort to better understand how
they are defining social presence and how this might be changing over time. In
this article, we report the results of our inquiry and conclude with implications
for future research and practice.
NO PLAGERISM, DO NOT TURN IN PAPERS USED ONLINE OR SOLD TO SOMEONE.docx
NO PLAGERISM, DO NOT TURN IN PAPERS USED ONLINE OR SOLD TO SOMEONE ELSE. OUR instructor thoroughly checks them through a system and through sources cited!!!
Instructor Instructions: FOLLOW DETAILS EXACTLY!!
This writing assignment falls under the category of literature reviews.  I have attached an example of how they are written.  Yours will not have to be this long, but this is WHAT I HAVE IN MIND. Follow instructions carefully!
Write a paper from five pages in length on the subject of âdealing with the effects of texting on drivingâ.
You should synthesize (meaning combine elements of several sourcesâto help you make a point. Synthesizing is a matter of pulling various sources together into harmony. It is the ability to combine clearly and coherently the ideas of more than one source with your own) the findings of at least four psychology journal articles.  One source of these articles is ProQuest Psychology journals data base found on the library database area. I have included the link below for this article to use as ONE of the FOUR REQUIRED!! This is part of the instructorâs REQUIREMENTS!!
http://gateway.proquest.com.zeus.tarleton.edu:82/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:10027727
You must cite sources inside the paper in CORRECT APA FORMAT!! Also, INCLUDE the sources and URLâs on the cite sources page!
Ps choto icul Bulletin
19%, vĂĽ. 73, No. 4, 258-302
ALTRUISMâAN EXAMINATION OF THE CONCEPT AND A
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE I
DENNIS L. KREBS
Harvard University
Literature relating to altruism is reviewed. It is suggested that the study of altruism is important at three levels: as it relates to the main goal of socialization, to a core attribute of personality, and to theories concerned with human nature. The concept of altruism is examined. Independent variables associated with altruism are organized in a 2 X 4 framework on the basis of the source of experimental measurement and level of generality. Characteristics of the benefactor and characteristics of the recipient are categorized as state variables, trait variables, social roles and demographic attributes, and characteristics influenccd by social norms. Research at each level is critically reviewed. Positive and negative affective states, and states induced by the observation of models are found to influence the altruism of benefactors; and dependency and interpersonal attractiveness are found to influence the altruism-eliciting capacity of recipients. Research relevant to personality traits is criticized. Effects are found for sex, age, ordinal position, social class, and nationality in relation to benefactors, and for friendship status, ingroup affiliation, and social class in relation to recipients. The normative level of analysis is criticized.
278 DENNIS L. KREBS
ALTRUISM 259
In 1956 Louis J. Budd reviewed the history of a "forgotten aspect of social thought" in America. He concluded that although con ...
PhD Seminar 2010: Social construction
Presentation to LSE PhD students on Social Constructionist Research in Org Studies
PSY 294 RESEARCH DESIGN &ANALYSIS IILECTURE 4Research Pr.docx
PSY 294: RESEARCH DESIGN &
ANALYSIS II
LECTURE 4:
Research Process and Introduction Writing
2
Variables in Experiments
Independent variables
Dependent variables
Continuous
Measured
Confounding variables
Control variables
Random variables
Discrete/ categorical variables
Manipulated (Quasi= measured)
Between or within-subjects
Overview of
The Research Process
3
The Research Process
Research topic & literature review
Research question
Hypothesis
Design selection & method preparation
Data collection
Data analysis
Data interpretation
4
How are results published?
Academic journals
Research talks & posters at conferences
Talks at own department/university
Talks at other universities
5
AN Introduction to
scientific writing
in psychology:
APA style
6
What is apa style?
A set of rules and guidelines
Writing style (e.g., clear communication, professional tone, reducing bias in language)
Structure of manuscript
Paraphrasing/citing sources
Mechanics of writing
Layout
Reporting design, findings
Ethical guidelines
7
Goal of scientific writing
âThe main objective of scientific reporting is clear communication.â (APA Manual, p. 65)
Objectivity
Clarity
Professional tone
Minimize bias
Preciseness
Thoroughness
8
WRITING APPROACH
You are making an evidence-based, systematic argument
No common sense statements that cannot (or are not) supported by evidence
You are also telling a coherent, gradual story
Organization is key
9
WRITING STYLE
1. Donât give life to what is inanimate
2. Use active voice & first person
3. Find the most direct ways of conveying the message
4. Use the fewest number of words without altering the content
5. Watch out for too extreme/conclusive language
10
great words to use
The extent to which
Plausible
Potential
Tend to be
Investigate
Explore
Conduct
Rather
Suggest, imply
Recent work/research
Is likely/unlikely to be
Specifically, particularly
Hence, thus, therefore
That is
Given that, as
Whereas
Although, even though
It therefore appears that
May/may not be
We believe, hypothesize, argue, predict
Important, essential, key
Nevertheless, however, regardless
Based on
11
WORDS TO AVOID
Confirm, prove, truth
Definitely, completely, absolutely, totally, always
Extremely, very
A lot
People are (instead, say âSome may beâ)
Fascinating
Look at/into (instead, say âinvestigateâ)
Throughout time, since the beginning of time
In todayâs society, nowadays, today, these days
A personâs X (instead, say âpeopleâs Xâ)
12
common mistakes
Participants, NOT subjects
Study vs. Experiment
âDataâ is a plural noun
While = happening simultaneously (use âwhereasâ)
Since = only time (e.g., since 2012; use âgiven thatâ or âalthoughâ)
Effect = noun, affect = verb
They/their = plural (subject-verb agreement!)
Never use âheâ âhimâ as default
Than = comparison, then = time sequence
Its = possessive, itâs = it is
Participantâs/authorâs = singular, participa ...
APA Annotated Bibliography (Haddad)Source Diana Hacker (B.docx
APA Annotated Bibliography (Haddad)
Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martinâs, 2008).
This paper follows the style guidelines in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed.
(2010).
Arman Haddad
Professor Andrews
Psychology 101
14 October XXXX
Patterns of Gender-Related Differences in
Online Communication: An Annotated Bibliography
Bruckman, A. S. (1993). Gender swapping on the Internet.
Proceedings of INET '93. Retrieved from http://www.cc
.gatech.edu/elc/papers/bruckman/gender-swapping
-bruckman.pdf
In this brief analysis, Bruckman investigates the
perceptions of males and females in electronic environments.
She argues that females (or those posing as females) receive
an inordinate amount of unwanted sexual attention and offers
of assistance from males. She also suggests that females (and
sexually unthreatening males) are welcomed more willingly
than dominant males into virtual communities. She concludes
that behavior in electronic forums is an exaggerated reflection
of gender stereotypes in real-life communication. The article
is interesting and accessible, but it is quite old, and it relies
almost entirely on quotations from four anonymous forum
participants.
Crowston, C., & Kammerer, E. (1998). Communicative style and
gender differences in computer-mediated communications.
In B. Ebo (Ed.), Cyberghetto or cybertopia? Race, class,
and gender on the Internet (pp. 185-203). Westport, CT:
Praeger.
This brief study examines how the dominant
Gender and Online Communication 1
Marginal annotations indicate APA-style formatting and effective writing.
In APA style, each
entry begins at
the left margin;
subsequent lines
indent 1â2".
The annotation
begins on a
new line and is
indented 1â2".
Summary is
followed by a short
evaluation of
the source that
notes its age and
questionable
research technique.
Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martinâs, 2008).
communication style (masculine versus feminine) of an online
discussion group affects menâs and womenâs desire to
participate. The findings, while limited, provide evidence that
in fact both women and men were less interested in joining
forums that were dominated by masculine-style language.
These findings seem to contradict the pronounced gender
inequality found in the other sources in this bibliography.
Herring, S. C. (2003). Gender and power in on-line
communication. In J. Holmes & M. Meyerhoff (Eds.), The
handbook of language and gender (pp. 202-228). Oxford,
England: Blackwell.
Herring investigates empowerment opportunities for
women online. She points out that, although more than half
of Web users in the United States are women, men continue
to dominate technical roles such as network administrators,
programmers, and Web masters. Even in anonymous online
settings, males tend to dominate discussions. And online
âanonymity,â argues Herring, may not really be possible:
Writing.
Diana Hacker Example - APA Annotated Bibliography
Example of how to prepare an annotated bibliography
Auto Biography As Method In Sociology
Custom Writing Service
http://StudyHub.vip/Auto-Biography-As-Method-In-Sociology đ
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
⢠The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
⢠The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate âany matterâ at âany timeâ under House Rule X.
⢠The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Alageel 3
References:
Antheunis, M. L., Schouten, A. P., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2012). Interactive uncertainty
reduction strategies and verbal affection in Computer-Mediated Communication.
Communication Research, 39(6), 757-780.
Burgoon, J. K., Bonito, J., Ramirez, A. , Jr., Dunbar, N., Kam, K., & Fischer, J. (2002). Testing
the interactivity principle: Effects of mediation, propinquity, and verbal and nonverbal
modalities in interpersonal interaction. Journal of Communication, 52(3), 657-677.
Mcmahan, E. M. (1976). Nonverbal communication as a function of attribution in impression
formation. Communication Monographs, 43(4), 287-294.
Miczo, N., Segrin, C., & Allspach, L. E. (2001). R etw nonverbal sensitivity,
encoding, and relational satisfaction. ommunication Reports 14 ), 39-48.
Ray, G. B., & Floyd, K. (2006). Nonverbal expressions o Ikmg and disliking in initial
interaction: Encoding and decoding perspectives. Southern Communication Journal,
71(1), 45-65.
Alageel 2
IV: Type of nonverbal usage, such as physical touch, eye contact, written words if provided, etc.
The chosen topic for the research proposal will be about the nonverbal
communication
Impact on friendships and romantic relationships.
e reason for choosing the topic is to check how the nonverb
commumca
iffer d how unication style
is
lookat the studies that are already discussedpre There are a lot of ways to express the nonverbal interactions in different situations,
y.
such as expressing emotions at first time and later meetings, showing preferences, using socimedia later for exampling, etc. The fo thefuture paperis-to ow nonverbal
communâ˘cation was examined in many studies in different situations and what are
at the studies came up with to be applied in future research as for discovering different points
of view in interactions between people in relational experiences. As of how to form expresstons
er al cues from initial meeting and future meetings. The targeted people in the
research will be included from both genders at an adult age starting at 18 years and above.
Looking at Ray and Floyd (2006) is an example of a study for showing the preferences in
nonverbal emotions. Li
previous research while later sources will be provided throughout the process. The provided (\
research questions and variables are the building focus that is going to be tested for the research o
application regarding nonverbal communication settings. S-UV,â
does the firstlimpression make an impact in friendships and romantic r ionships?
D Gender Reaction towards the act.
SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS 3
Running head: SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS
The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents
Student Name
Arizona State University
The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents
In recent years, a rapid increase in technology has changed the way people communicat.
SI.Part3of3.PayneStudy
This slide show summarizes a few key conclusions of the Payne Fund Study, headed by Herbert Blumer. It used symbolic interactionism to analysis media effects of children through college-age young adults.
Albert Bandura & Social Cognitive Theory
Biography of Albert Bandur and overview of social cognitive theory
Albert Bandura & Social Cognitive Theory
Biography of Albert Bandura and overview of Social Cognitive Theory
What is sociology Sociology refers to the study of the
What is sociology?
Sociology refers to the study of the human social relationships or connection as well as
institutions. Besides, one can also define it as the scientific study of the community including the
patterns of social relationships, social interaction as well as culture. Therefore, it is an exciting
field of study which focuses on analyzing and explaining vita aspects in our lives, our societies
as well as the entire universe. Personally, I believe that sociology usually research or investigates
the social causes together with the effects of the various phenomenon such as the romantic love,
racial jointly with the gender identity, family conflict, deviant conduct, aging as well as the
religious faith among others.
Explain the difference between sociology and psychology?
Many people including students considering a major in the fields of social sciences question
what the primary differences are between psychology and sociology since they look so similar.
In some manners, these two fields of study go hand in hand to expose the scientific reality
concerning the humans. Besides, they both have the general goal of assisting individuals to better
understand the complex dynamics of the mental procedures, emotions, conducts as well as the
social relationships. However, there are important unique attributes which make the two fields of
study to be different from one another. For instance, psychology seeks to examine the individual
conducts or behaviors as well its causes while the sociology focuses on studying the group
dynamics as well as behaviors (Ozeren et al., 2007). .
What is sociological perspective?
The sociological perspective is frequently used by sociologists to analyze the social phenomena
at various levels and from different angles. The sociological perspectives define the three basic
categories in which individuals might go about to select how to approach a particular topic and
the methods people might use include the structural functionalism, conflict theory as well as the
symbolic interactionist perspectives. These social perspectives are critical in assisting individuals
to connect their issues with the public problems as well as their history. Moreover, the
sociological perspectives will also attempt to come up with the effects of particular social trends
and also provide a structure for knowing the social world in which we live in.
What is sociological imagination?
The sociological imagination refers to the practice of having the capacity to think ourselves away
from the common routines of our daily lives to view them with fresh and critical eyes. It is also a
vivid knowledge and awareness of the relationship which exists between experience and the
broader community. The sociological imagination is the capability to view things socially and
how they relate and influence one another. Therefore, the sociological imagination by Mills
gives a framewo ...
Discussion 1 ConformityConformity and obedience are forms.docx
Discussion 1: Conformity
Conformity and obedience are forms of social influence, one of the subfields within social psychology. Conformity research addresses the influence the group majority has on individual and group behavior. Sherif and Asch conducted seminal studies on conformity. These researchers and others provide a clear picture of the influence of a group majority on the individual and factors that influence conformity. Research also provides insights into how a minority can influence a group (Fiske, 2014).
For this Discussion, review this weekâs media program, Week 6: The Virtual Office. Consider how conformity occurred in the virtual office and describe the conditions that led to conformity.
With these thoughts in mind:
Assignment a brief description of two conditions in the media that led to conformity and explain why. Using the current literature, explain one way to alter the conditions in the scenario to prevent conformity. Finally, provide an example where conformity might be good and explain why.
.
References:
Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgment. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, leadership and men. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Press.
Fiske, S. T. (2014). Social beings: Core motives in social psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. (1953). Groups in harmony and tension. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Obedience
Another topic within the social psychology subfield of social influence is obedience.Obedience is the impact authority can have on individual behavior. Stanley Milgram pioneered the work in obedience by conducting several studies involving an authority figure and a participant who had to administer (fake) electric shocks to a âlearner.â His videotaped studies produced a sobering picture of the strength of the authority figure/subordinate relationship.
For this Discussion, review this weekâs media, Milgram Electric Shock Experiment Video.Consider the conditions that occurred in the video that led to obedience, and think about instances in which obedience may be harmful.
Assignment an explanation of conditions necessary for obedience to occur. Then describe one situation in which obedience is necessary and one situation in which obedience may be harmful and explain why. Use the current literature to support your response.
.
In search of a better understanding of social presence: An investigation into...
Research on social presence and online learning continues to grow. But to date,
researchers continue to define and conceptualize social presence very
differently. For instance, at a basic level, some conceptualize social presence as
one of three presences within a Community of Inquiry, while others do not.
Given this problem, we analyzed how researchers in highly cited social
presence research defined social presence in an effort to better understand how
they are defining social presence and how this might be changing over time. In
this article, we report the results of our inquiry and conclude with implications
for future research and practice.
NO PLAGERISM, DO NOT TURN IN PAPERS USED ONLINE OR SOLD TO SOMEONE.docx
NO PLAGERISM, DO NOT TURN IN PAPERS USED ONLINE OR SOLD TO SOMEONE ELSE. OUR instructor thoroughly checks them through a system and through sources cited!!!
Instructor Instructions: FOLLOW DETAILS EXACTLY!!
This writing assignment falls under the category of literature reviews.  I have attached an example of how they are written.  Yours will not have to be this long, but this is WHAT I HAVE IN MIND. Follow instructions carefully!
Write a paper from five pages in length on the subject of âdealing with the effects of texting on drivingâ.
You should synthesize (meaning combine elements of several sourcesâto help you make a point. Synthesizing is a matter of pulling various sources together into harmony. It is the ability to combine clearly and coherently the ideas of more than one source with your own) the findings of at least four psychology journal articles.  One source of these articles is ProQuest Psychology journals data base found on the library database area. I have included the link below for this article to use as ONE of the FOUR REQUIRED!! This is part of the instructorâs REQUIREMENTS!!
http://gateway.proquest.com.zeus.tarleton.edu:82/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:10027727
You must cite sources inside the paper in CORRECT APA FORMAT!! Also, INCLUDE the sources and URLâs on the cite sources page!
Ps choto icul Bulletin
19%, vĂĽ. 73, No. 4, 258-302
ALTRUISMâAN EXAMINATION OF THE CONCEPT AND A
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE I
DENNIS L. KREBS
Harvard University
Literature relating to altruism is reviewed. It is suggested that the study of altruism is important at three levels: as it relates to the main goal of socialization, to a core attribute of personality, and to theories concerned with human nature. The concept of altruism is examined. Independent variables associated with altruism are organized in a 2 X 4 framework on the basis of the source of experimental measurement and level of generality. Characteristics of the benefactor and characteristics of the recipient are categorized as state variables, trait variables, social roles and demographic attributes, and characteristics influenccd by social norms. Research at each level is critically reviewed. Positive and negative affective states, and states induced by the observation of models are found to influence the altruism of benefactors; and dependency and interpersonal attractiveness are found to influence the altruism-eliciting capacity of recipients. Research relevant to personality traits is criticized. Effects are found for sex, age, ordinal position, social class, and nationality in relation to benefactors, and for friendship status, ingroup affiliation, and social class in relation to recipients. The normative level of analysis is criticized.
278 DENNIS L. KREBS
ALTRUISM 259
In 1956 Louis J. Budd reviewed the history of a "forgotten aspect of social thought" in America. He concluded that although con ...
PhD Seminar 2010: Social construction
Presentation to LSE PhD students on Social Constructionist Research in Org Studies
PSY 294 RESEARCH DESIGN &ANALYSIS IILECTURE 4Research Pr.docx
PSY 294: RESEARCH DESIGN &
ANALYSIS II
LECTURE 4:
Research Process and Introduction Writing
2
Variables in Experiments
Independent variables
Dependent variables
Continuous
Measured
Confounding variables
Control variables
Random variables
Discrete/ categorical variables
Manipulated (Quasi= measured)
Between or within-subjects
Overview of
The Research Process
3
The Research Process
Research topic & literature review
Research question
Hypothesis
Design selection & method preparation
Data collection
Data analysis
Data interpretation
4
How are results published?
Academic journals
Research talks & posters at conferences
Talks at own department/university
Talks at other universities
5
AN Introduction to
scientific writing
in psychology:
APA style
6
What is apa style?
A set of rules and guidelines
Writing style (e.g., clear communication, professional tone, reducing bias in language)
Structure of manuscript
Paraphrasing/citing sources
Mechanics of writing
Layout
Reporting design, findings
Ethical guidelines
7
Goal of scientific writing
âThe main objective of scientific reporting is clear communication.â (APA Manual, p. 65)
Objectivity
Clarity
Professional tone
Minimize bias
Preciseness
Thoroughness
8
WRITING APPROACH
You are making an evidence-based, systematic argument
No common sense statements that cannot (or are not) supported by evidence
You are also telling a coherent, gradual story
Organization is key
9
WRITING STYLE
1. Donât give life to what is inanimate
2. Use active voice & first person
3. Find the most direct ways of conveying the message
4. Use the fewest number of words without altering the content
5. Watch out for too extreme/conclusive language
10
great words to use
The extent to which
Plausible
Potential
Tend to be
Investigate
Explore
Conduct
Rather
Suggest, imply
Recent work/research
Is likely/unlikely to be
Specifically, particularly
Hence, thus, therefore
That is
Given that, as
Whereas
Although, even though
It therefore appears that
May/may not be
We believe, hypothesize, argue, predict
Important, essential, key
Nevertheless, however, regardless
Based on
11
WORDS TO AVOID
Confirm, prove, truth
Definitely, completely, absolutely, totally, always
Extremely, very
A lot
People are (instead, say âSome may beâ)
Fascinating
Look at/into (instead, say âinvestigateâ)
Throughout time, since the beginning of time
In todayâs society, nowadays, today, these days
A personâs X (instead, say âpeopleâs Xâ)
12
common mistakes
Participants, NOT subjects
Study vs. Experiment
âDataâ is a plural noun
While = happening simultaneously (use âwhereasâ)
Since = only time (e.g., since 2012; use âgiven thatâ or âalthoughâ)
Effect = noun, affect = verb
They/their = plural (subject-verb agreement!)
Never use âheâ âhimâ as default
Than = comparison, then = time sequence
Its = possessive, itâs = it is
Participantâs/authorâs = singular, participa ...
APA Annotated Bibliography (Haddad)Source Diana Hacker (B.docx
APA Annotated Bibliography (Haddad)
Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martinâs, 2008).
This paper follows the style guidelines in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed.
(2010).
Arman Haddad
Professor Andrews
Psychology 101
14 October XXXX
Patterns of Gender-Related Differences in
Online Communication: An Annotated Bibliography
Bruckman, A. S. (1993). Gender swapping on the Internet.
Proceedings of INET '93. Retrieved from http://www.cc
.gatech.edu/elc/papers/bruckman/gender-swapping
-bruckman.pdf
In this brief analysis, Bruckman investigates the
perceptions of males and females in electronic environments.
She argues that females (or those posing as females) receive
an inordinate amount of unwanted sexual attention and offers
of assistance from males. She also suggests that females (and
sexually unthreatening males) are welcomed more willingly
than dominant males into virtual communities. She concludes
that behavior in electronic forums is an exaggerated reflection
of gender stereotypes in real-life communication. The article
is interesting and accessible, but it is quite old, and it relies
almost entirely on quotations from four anonymous forum
participants.
Crowston, C., & Kammerer, E. (1998). Communicative style and
gender differences in computer-mediated communications.
In B. Ebo (Ed.), Cyberghetto or cybertopia? Race, class,
and gender on the Internet (pp. 185-203). Westport, CT:
Praeger.
This brief study examines how the dominant
Gender and Online Communication 1
Marginal annotations indicate APA-style formatting and effective writing.
In APA style, each
entry begins at
the left margin;
subsequent lines
indent 1â2".
The annotation
begins on a
new line and is
indented 1â2".
Summary is
followed by a short
evaluation of
the source that
notes its age and
questionable
research technique.
Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martinâs, 2008).
communication style (masculine versus feminine) of an online
discussion group affects menâs and womenâs desire to
participate. The findings, while limited, provide evidence that
in fact both women and men were less interested in joining
forums that were dominated by masculine-style language.
These findings seem to contradict the pronounced gender
inequality found in the other sources in this bibliography.
Herring, S. C. (2003). Gender and power in on-line
communication. In J. Holmes & M. Meyerhoff (Eds.), The
handbook of language and gender (pp. 202-228). Oxford,
England: Blackwell.
Herring investigates empowerment opportunities for
women online. She points out that, although more than half
of Web users in the United States are women, men continue
to dominate technical roles such as network administrators,
programmers, and Web masters. Even in anonymous online
settings, males tend to dominate discussions. And online
âanonymity,â argues Herring, may not really be possible:
Writing.
Diana Hacker Example - APA Annotated Bibliography
Example of how to prepare an annotated bibliography
Auto Biography As Method In Sociology
Custom Writing Service
http://StudyHub.vip/Auto-Biography-As-Method-In-Sociology đ
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SymbolicInteraction.Part1of3
- 1. SYMBOLIC INTERACTION An Introduction Part 1 of 3 2007 Enid Sefcovic, Ph.D. These slides have been created using Microsoft Word 2003 and accessory graphics and are not a template. I have done my best to use no material, other than that which is appropriate to use under Fair Use laws and to provide full attributions. If I have inadvertently overlooked anything, you may notify me at [email_address]
- 2. INTRODUCTION ANTHROPOLOGY POLITICAL STUDIES SOCIOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PHILOSOPHY COMMUNICATION STUDIES ARE INTERDISCIPLINARY
- 9. EARLY COMMUNICATION MODELS www.jerf.org/writings/communicationEthics/node4.html Model by E. Sefcovic, Ph.D. S stimulus sender R response receiver
- 10. TRIANGLE OF MEANING CONCEPT (thought) Barthes, R., visually depicted by E. Sefcovic REFERENT (thing itself) SIGN