The document provides details about a summer internship with the Central Public Works Department of India from June 13th to July 25th 2016. The internship involves assisting with the construction of an additional office complex for the Supreme Court of India near Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. The Central Public Works Department is a government authority responsible for public construction works across India with over 150 years of experience. The additional office complex will consist of six blocks up to 8 stories tall and provide office, judicial, auditorium and parking spaces. Construction involves excavating three basement levels, installing raft foundations, and erecting the concrete superstructure.

1. SUMMER INTERNSHIP
(13/06/2016 – 25/07/2016)
CONSTRUCTION OF ADDITIONAL OFFICE COMPLEX FOR THE
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA ADJOINING
BY

2. ABOUT THE AUTHORITY (CPWD)
 The Central Public Works Department of India is a central government owned
authority that is in charge of public sector works in the country. Central Public
Works Department (CPWD) under Ministry of Urban Development is interested
with construction and maintenance of buildings for most of the central
government departments, public undertakings and autonomous bodies.
 In the Indian history both pre and post-independence, CPWD has a glorious era
of more than 150 years with dedicated, energetic and committed corps of
engineers and architects. Before being re-structured to its present form in 1930,
“Central Public Works Department” originated in July 1854 when the Governor
General of India decided to set up a central agency to exercise universal control
over public works in India.

3. ABOUT THE AUTHORITY (CPWD)
 Central Public Works Department, Delhi is the premier agency of Govt. of India
engaged in planning, designing, construction and maintenance of Govt. assets
in the field of built environment and infrastructure development. Assets and built
environment include Hospitals, Schools, Technical institutes, Police buildings,
Courts etc. Assets and infrastructure development include Roads, Bridges,
Flyovers, and Subways etc.
 Central Public Works Department, Delhi also sustains and preserves these assets
through a well-developed system of maintenance which includes amongst
others specialized services like rehabilitation of works, roads and aesthetic
treatments like interiors, monument lightings and landscaping.

4. CENTRAL DESIGN ORGANISATION
 Central Design Organization was created in the year 1969 with a view to provide
high level of design inputs in multi - storeyed projects which could not be handled by
the design units under Chief Engineers. As pressure on availability of land increased,
CPWD could utilize the services of CDO for high rise built habitats and complex
projects. CDO has provided its services to over 350 projects in CPWD.
 Important projects designed by CDO are Parliament Library Complex, Parliament
Annex Building, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum, Supreme Court
Extension- Official Complex, National Stadium, Afghan Parliament in Kabul, Lal
Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie and Hall of States,
ITPO. At present, CDO has the responsibility of structural design of complex
structures incorporating State of art engineering practices and technology using
STAAD, e TABS, SAP, AutoCAD and STRUDS etc.

5. CENTRAL DESIGN ORGANISATION
 CDO is headed by the Chief Engineer (Designs) who is responsible for the
overall administrative and technical control of the unit. Superintending Engineers
are the direction officers for the control, coordination and execution of all tasks
related to modeling analysis, design, detailing and drafting of structural
drawings. Executive Engineers are responsible for all modeling, design and
drafting tasks and preparing design proposals.

6. ABSTRACT
The project report includes Construction of Additional Office Complex for the
Supreme Court of India adjoining PragatiMaidan, New Delhi, Package - 3 Plus
Balance Work of Package-1: Building Work including balance work of RCC Structure
and Basement, Finishing Work, Internal and External Services (Civil) & External
Development Work (Civil).
 AGREEMENT NO. 04/EE-1/SCPZ/2014-15
 CONTRACTOR M/s JMC Projects (India) Ltd.
 ESTIMATED COST Rs 433,66,38,615
 TENDERED AMOUNT Rs 468,25,69,443
 PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE Rs 23,41,28,472

7. ABSTRSACT
 SECURITY DEPOSIT Rs 11,70,64,236
 TIME ALLOWED 900 days
 DATE OF START 04.01.2015
 DATE OF COMPLETION 21.06.2017
 ACTUAL DATE OF COMPLETION --
 INCENTIVE FOR EARLY COMPLETION YES
 REBATE OFFER BY CONTRACTOR NIL

8. Brief Introduction of the Project
 Over the years with the explosion of the population, increasing urbanization and
growth in all spheres of life, growing number of court cases are putting pressure
on judiciary on additional office expansion.
 The project is to accommodate additional requirements of spaces for judicial
functions, storage of records. Library, auditorium, conference halls, Litigants’ hall,
parking etc. are taken up near judges’ chambers and courts will remain in the
main building which will be connected with the new complex through
underground connectivity.

9. Brief Introduction of the Project
 The Supreme Court of India has acquired a piece of land measuring 12.19 acres
across Mathura Road for its further planned expansion to accommodate
additional requirements of offices, storage of records etc. However, judges’
chambers and court shall remain in the main building.
 The proposed building complex is a four star GRIHA rated green building which
uses fly ash bricks obtained from Construction and Demolition plant and AAC
(Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) blocks. The building also features Rain Water
Harvesting system and Automatic Irrigation System.

10. Salient features of the Project
 Sanction Date - 11.07.2012
 Sanction Amount - Rs 884.30 crores
 Total Land Area - 12.19 acres
 Car Parking – 1846
S.No Block Description Storeys
1. Block A Library & Administration 3B+ G+5
2. Block B Judicial block 3B+ G+8
3. Block C Auditorium 3B+ G+5
4. Block D Lawyers & Litigants’ hall 3B+ G+8
5. Block E Facility block 3B+ G+8
6. Block F Service block 3B+ G+3

11. Salient features of the Project
Description Built up Area(sqm) Total (sqm)
Basement-1 31297
91639Base-2 30171
Basement-3 30171
Block A 16948
89206
Block B 41094
Block C 8757
Block D 14346
Block E 6139
Block F 1922
Car Parking
1800
In Basement
46
In open at Ground Floor

12. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Construction process is not the outcome of structural design alone. It is
collaborative venture involving the client, the architect, the structural engineer, the
construction engineer/ project manager and the contractor. Other specialist may
also have to be consulted, with the regard to soil investigation, water supply,
sanitation, fire protection, transportation, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning,
acoustics, electrical services, etc. it involve three main phases
Planning - It involves the architectural layout of the building. To suit the functional
requirement of the client, with due regards of aesthetic, environmental and
economic considerations. For this architectural drawing is introduced.

13. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Layout of the Additional Office Complex of Supreme Court of India

14. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Design Phase - Once the architectural drawing has been approved. The actual
details of the project have to be worked out by the various structural engineer. The
tasks involves
 Selection of the most appropriate structural system and initial proportioning of
members
 Estimation of load on the structure
 Structural analysis for the determination of the stress resultants (member forces)
and displacement induced by various load combinations.
 Structural Design of the actual proportions (members size and reinforcement
Details) and grades of the materials required for safety and serviceability under
the calculated member forces.
 Submission of the structural drawing that are detailed enough to be stamped
good for construction.

15. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Structural drawing(column schedule)

16. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
 Construction phase – The plans and design conceived on paper get translated
into concrete (Reality). A structure may be well planned and well-designed, but
it is also has to be well built. And for this the responsibility lie only with the
contractor who is entrusted with the execution. But also with the construction
engineers (Executive engineer) who undertake supervision on behalf of the
structural engineer.

17. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Basement of the block c

18. Design Approach of the Project
 Structural Modeling: 3-D model of each building is generated using STAAD-Pro
software. All the beams and columns have been idealized as Beam Elements. All
the shear walls have been idealized as Plate Elements. The structure is analyzed
and designed for all possible combinations of gravity loads (dead and live loads)
and lateral loads (earthquake loads and wind loads).

19. Design Approach of the Project
 Foundation System: Raft foundation is proposed below the towers and extended
basement area. The main purpose of providing the raft in the extended
basement area is to resist the water pressure of 12 T/sqm, considering the
bottom of foundation approx. 15.2 m below the existing ground level. Adequate
measures are proposed to avoid the floating of foundation and structural system
under heavy water thrust. A Winkler model is generated for each raft where soil
is replaced by the equivalent springs and it is analyzed and designed for all
possible load cases of gravity and lateral loads. A safe bearing capacity of 25
T/sqm has been considered for foundation at a depth of 15.2 m below existing
ground level.

20. Design Approach of the Project
 It is proposed that foundation is anchored in ground by suitable means so that
structure should not float due to high water table. Also, during construction
besides dewatering, necessary precautions shall be taken to avoid the floating of
foundation in the emergency if the dewatering process stops accidently.
Measures to avoid the floating structure:

21. Design Approach of the Project
S. No. No. of floors Min. load after construction
(T/sqm)
Uplift at foundation level (T/sqm) Net uplift (T/sqm)
1. 3B 2.7 12 9.3
2. 3B+G 3.6 12 8.4
3. 3B+G+3 6.3 12 5.7
4. 3B+G+4 7.2 12 4.8
5. 3B+G+5 8.1 12 3.9
6. 3B+G+6 9.9 12 2.1
7. 3B+G+7 10.8 12 1.2

22. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION
1. CONCRETE :
Concrete is the basic engineering material used in most of the civil engineering
structures. Its popularity as basic building material in construction is because of, its
economy of use good durability and ease with which it can be manufactured at site.
The ability to mould it into any shape and size, because of its plasticity in green
stage and its subsequent hardening to achieve strength, is particularly useful.
Concrete like other engineering materials needs to be designed for properties like
strength, durability, workability and cohesion.

23. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION
 With advent of high-rise buildings and pre-stressed concrete, use of higher grades of
concrete is becoming more common. Even the revised IS 456-2000 advocates use of
higher grade of concrete for more severe conditions of exposure, for durability
considerations. With advent of new generation admixtures, it is possible to achieve
higher grades of concrete with high workability levels economically. Use of mineral
admixtures like fly ash, slag, meta kaolin and silica fume have revolutionized the
concrete technology by increasing strength and durability of concrete by many folds.
 Mix design of concrete is becoming more relevant in the above-mentioned scenario.
Basic Ingredients of Concrete: -
1. Cement – It is the basic binding material in concrete.
2. Water – It hydrates cement and also makes concrete workable.

24. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION
3. Coarse Aggregate – It is the basic building component of concrete.
4. Fine Aggregate – Along with cement paste it forms mortar grout and fills the
voids in the coarse aggregates.
5. Admixtures – They enhance certain properties of concrete e.g. gain of strength,
Workability, setting properties, imperviousness etc
MIX DESIGN : . Concrete mix design is the science of deciding relative proportions
of ingredients of concrete, to achieve the desired properties in the most economical
way. Concrete is an extremely versatile building material because, it can be
designed for strength ranging from M10 (10Mpa) to M100 (100 Mpa) and workability
ranging from 0 mm slump to 150 mm slump. In all these cases the basic ingredients
of concrete are the same, but it is their relative proportioning that makes the
difference.

25. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION
CONCRETING
 Types of cement used: PPC
 Grade of concrete in Slab: M25
 Grade of Concrete in Beam & Column: M25 (min)
 Grade of Concrete of Column in Tower Zone: M40
 Grade of Concrete in Non-Tower Zone: M30
 Grade of Concrete in Raft Foundation: M30

26. COVER BLOCKS
 Cover block are placed to prevent the steel rods from touching the shuttering
plates and thereby providing a minimum cover.
 Cover block are made up of cement sand mortar (1:3).
 Cover should have strength similar to the surrounding concrete.
MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

27.  Thickness of cover block
 In SLAB – 25mm
 In BEAM – 30mm
 In COLUMN – 40mm
 In RAFT FOUNDATION
 At BOTTOM – 65mm
 At TOP – 50mm
MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

28. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

29. 2. REINFORCEMENT :
 Fe-500d grade of steel was used and refer to the ductility of the bar.
 High Strength deformed bar conforming to IS: 1786/2008 , grade Fe 500d.
 The yield strength is 500Mpa while the ultimate tensile strength is 565MPa with
higher percentage elongation than Fe500.
MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

30. TERMS USED IN REINFORCEMNENT :
 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE: Bar-bending-schedule is the schedule of
reinforcement bars prepared in advance before cutting and bending of rebars.
This schedule contains all details of size, shape and dimension of rebars to be
 LAP LENGTH: Lap length is the length overlap of bars tied to extend the
reinforcement length. Lap length about 50 times the diameter of the bar is
considered safe
 CHAIR: Chair to prevent joining of top and bottom reinforcement in the slab.
MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

31. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

32. Reinforcements- Salient features
 TMT bars- IS 1786/2008
 Seismic zone 3 or above- Fe 415D
 Crossing bars, annealed steel wire 0.9 to 1.6 mm thickness.
 Chairs- to prevent the joining of top and bottom reinforcements in the slab.
 Fe 500D (IS 1876-2008) from primary producers such as SAIL, TISCO, RINL and
JSWL.
MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

33.  yield strength is 500 MPa while the ultimate tensile strength is 565 MPa with higher
percentage elongation than Fe 500. Fe 500D steel rebar has easy bendability and
weldability with superior reverse bending properties.
 Quenching and self-tempering (QST) of the bar imparts a composite micro-structure.
It has superior rib design for excellent bonding with concrete.

𝐔𝐓𝐒
𝐘𝐒
> 1.15
 The reduction ratio of Fe 500D bar is more than Fe 500 bar. The low carbon content
and low carbon equivalent imparts excellent weldability.
Beam : 750 mm× 900mm
column and slabs as per structural drawing
MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

34. TEMPORARY EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
Soil nailing is a technique to reinforce and strengthen ground adjacent to an
excavation by installing closely spaced threaded steel bars called “nails”, as
construction proceeds from top down. It is an effective and economical method of
constructing retaining wall for excavation support, support of hill cuts, bridge
abutments and highways. The nails are subjected to tension, compression, shear
and bending moment. They are installed in a pattern designed to ensure both
internal and external stability of the wall. The nails are prepared in-situ that retain
and consolidate a mass of unstable soil by injecting cement grout.

35. Favorable Ground Conditions
 Critical excavation depth of soil is about 1-2 m high vertical or nearly vertical cut.
 All soil nails within a cross section are located above ground water table.
 Favorable soils- stiff to hard fine grained (clayey silts, sandy clays, sandy silts),
dense to very dense granular soils with some apparent cohesion, weathered
with no weakness planes and glacial soils.
TEMPORARY EARTH RETAINING
STRUCTURES

36. Machinery and Materials :

Grouting
Grout MixerDrilling Equipment
TEMPORARY EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES

37. Specifications used in this project
 Size of nails: 25 mm dia Tor steel bars of length 7 m.
 Size of MS plate: 150 mm×150 mm×10 mm
 Size of wire mesh: 50 mm×50 mm
 U-pins used: 10mm dia Tor bars
 Shotcrete: 1 cement: 2 coarse sand: 2 pea sized gravel 2 layers of 25 mm
thickness
 Drainage system: 75 mm dia PVC drainage pipe perforated at the top and duly
wrapped with geosynthetics.
TEMPORARY EARTH RETAINING
STRUCTURES

38.  Soil nailing at site
 The nails as per drawing shall be driven with pneumatic rammers or any other
suitable equipment in all strata of soil. Threaded end of the soil nail protruding
from the wall shall be fitted by MS plate of size 150 mm×150 mm×10 mm and
tighten with the steel nuts over wire mesh of 18 gauge size. The wire mesh shall
be held in position by U-pins. The shotcrete is in the ratio of 1:2:2 as in the
specifications with shotcreting of minimum thickness 50 mm shall be applied in
two layers over the conditioned sloped ground surface. Drainage PVC pipes
perforated at top as in the specification shall be provided each for 10 sqm area
zigzag pattern complete as per drawing No. 102/EE/SCPD-1/CPWD (Sheet 1 to
3).
TEMPORARY EARTH RETAINING
STRUCTURES

39. Nail No. Spacing(m) Nail length Slope of nail
with verticalH V
1 0.3 0.3 7.0 10 degree
2 to 4 0.6 0.6 7.0 10 degree
5 0.3 0.6 7.0 10 degree
6 0.6 0.6 7.0 10 degree
7 0.6 0.6 7.0 10 degree
8 to 11 0.6 0.6 7.0 10 degree
12 0.6 0.6 7.0 10 degree
13 0.38 0.6 7.0 10 degree
14 to 25 0.8 0.6 7.0 10 degree
TEMPORARY EARTH RETAINING
STRUCTURES

40. SOIL ANCHORING
 The purpose of the SOIL anchor is to generate a force across a structure, either
to compensate for an uplift force or compress the foundation on the ground.
 The water table at the Supreme Court site is high, so to keep the base raft of the
Supreme Court building in position against the uplift pressure of groundwater,
soil anchors are used.
 The Fixed length is designed to transmit the forces to the ground, and the free
length is defined according to the required volume of ground.
 The prestressing force plays a vitally important role in reducing or preventing
vertical movement. In case of repeated forces, it eliminates the risks of fatigue
on the bonding.

41.  The basic components of anchor include:
 Anchorage: The combined system of anchor head and bearing plate that transmits the tensile
load from the tendon to the surface of the ground or structure.
 Fixed Length: That length of the prestressing steel that is bonded to the ground, from which the
pullout capacity of the anchorage is achieved.
 Free Length: The part of the prestressing steel which is not bonded to the surrounding area and
is free to elongate elastically.
 HDPE duct pipe: Hope duct pipe is use for grouting purpose in anchoring .Two hope duct pipe
is used one is used for inner grouting and second one is used for outer grouting.
 Spacer Bar: Spacer bar is used to provide a space between a hope duct pipe and HDPE wire so
that does not entangled each other in grouting.
 It is provided at an interval of 1m throughout.
SOIL ANCHORING

42. SOIL ANCHORING

43.  Boreholes are drilled with the drilling system and anchor assembly and strands to be installed is made free of
dirt, detrimental dust, corrosion or any other deleterious substance.
 Temporary fixing of the anchor is required to avoid movement of anchor during grouting. Suitable spacers are
also provided when required to ensure that anchor assembly does not get entangled.
 After the anchor is lowered, the fixed length of the anchor is grouted.
 Cement grouting is carried out under pressure by fixing a packer at the top of the fixed length as necessary in
accordance with the type of anchor.
 Stressing of strands is carried out after 14 days of grouting. When it attains the required strength, the anchor is
stressed for about 10% of the load and elongation measurements are taken beyond this range. This takes care
of any seating errors.
 Anchor is subsequently stressed to 10% excess load over the design load and elongation noted. After noting
the elongation, the anchor is locked. Adequate care is required, during construction, so that free length of the
anchor remains free to elongate.
 Corrosion protection of prestressed anchors is done with grease to provide lubrication to high tensile steel
tendons. Grease should be water displacing, self-healing, thixotropic and should be resistant to microbiological
degradation.
SOIL ANCHORING

44. Anchor Specifications:
 Type: Permanent
 Fixed Length: 10 m
 Free Length: 10 m
 Total Length: 21 m
 Design Load: 51 ton
 Diameter of Borehole: 150 mm
SOIL ANCHORING

45. High Tensile Strand Specification:
 Diameter of Strand: 15.2 mm
 No. HTS Wire: 4
 Anchor Capacity: 53MT
 Testing Load
 For Proof Test : 78MT
 For Performance Test : 78MT
 Ultimate Capacity of Anchor: 104MT
 Water/Cement Ratio: 0.36-0.38
SOIL ANCHORING

46.  Testing of anchors
 As per Clause 11.3 of BS 8081, following tests are to be conducted on ground
anchors.
 Performance Test: It involves incremental loading and unloading the soil anchor.
The performance test is used to verify anchor capacity, establish load-
behavior, identify causes of anchor movement. The soil anchor movement is
measured and recorded to the nearest 0.025 mm w.r.t. an independent fixed
reference point as the alignment load and each increment of load. The load is
measured with a pressure gauge.
 Creep Test: It is a long duration test (approx. 8 hours) which is carried on at least
1% of working soil anchors. It is used to evaluate creep deformation of anchors.
 Proof Test: It involves a single load cycle and the load hold at the test load. The
proof test provides the means for evaluating the acceptability of the anchors
are not performance tested.
SOIL ANCHORING

47. Prestressing of anchor
SOIL ANCHORING

48. WATER PROOFING
 Waterproofing is the treatment of the surface to prevent the passage of liquid
water in the presence of hydrostatic pressure. Virtually all building envelopes,
particularly below-grade areas encounter hydrostatic pressure from
groundwater during the lifetime. Therefore, the use of waterproofing system is
essential to preserve the water-tightness of the building envelope.
 How water penetrates concrete structures?

49.  Preprufe Grace sheet- Preprufe membranes are specifically engineered for use
below basement slabs and behind vertical retaining walls. They are loosely laid
thus making installation quick and easy, even on wet surfaces. Now with
PreprufeZipLapTM, the application is fast and there is dual adhesive sealing for
enhanced water tightness. Penny bars are installed along the top edge of the
prestressed anchor penetration pipes. Preprufe membranes are also used
vertically against soil retaining systems, pile or diaphragm walls.
WATER PROOFING

50. Preprufe Membranes
WATER PROOFING

51.  CPWD particulars specifications- Integral Crystalline Waterproofing
(BS 1802:2009)
 Horizontal waterproofing at raft slabs: “Preprufe 300 R”, 1.2 mm thick fully bonded HDPE sheet is used for waterproofing treatment
for raft slab. The pre-applied fully bonded HDPE sheet membrane gets bonded to the underneath of the poured concrete used as
basement raft slab. It consists of aggressive pressure sensitive waterproof adhesive and weather resisting coating which bonds
integrally with poured concrete of base slab.

 Properties of Membrane:
 Resists hydrostatic pressure up to 70 m head of water as per ASTM D5385.
 Puncture resistance: 990 N
 Adhesion to concrete: 2.88 N/mm
 Tensile strength: 27.60 MPa
 The membrane is installed with standard 75 mm selvedge lapse and 75 mm end lapse taped with Preprufe Tape HC.
 The membrane is laid over the concrete binding having uniformly clean surface including necessary overlaps between the
with Preprufe tape. Prestressed anchor penetration is to be sealed with Preprufe tape and Bituthene liquid.
Adcor 500 S is placed at the centre wrapping all around the anchor sleeve stuck with suitable adhesive.
WATER PROOFING

52. Waterproofing at site- Block D
WATER PROOFING

53. VACUUM DEWATERED FLOORING
 The Vacuum Dewatered Flooring method is a system for laying high quality
concrete floors with superior cost-effectiveness. The key to the use of this
method is dewatering of concrete by vacuum process. Surplus water from the
concrete is removed immediately after placing in vibration, reducing the w/c
ratio to an optimum level.

54. FOUNDATION
LAYING OF PCC :
 After the process of excavation laying of plain cement concrete that is PCC is
done. A layer of 4 inches (100mm) was made in such a manner that it was not
mixed with soil.
 It also provides a solid base for the raft foundation. Plain concrete is vibrated to
achieve full compaction.

55. LAYING OF FOUNDATION :
 At this site Raft Foundation are used to spread the load from a structure over a
large area
 Raft foundation is used when large load is to be distributed and it is not possible
to provide individual footings due to space constraints that are they would
overlap on each other.
 Raft foundations have the advantage of reducing differential settlements as the
concrete slab resists differential movements between loading positions.
 Raft foundation needed on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity as they
can spread the loads over a larger area.
FOUNDATION

56. FOUNDATION

57. FOUNDATION DETAILING :
 Grade of Concrete Used – M30
 Raft Depth
1. In Tower Zone – 1.4m – 1.6m
2. In Non-Tower Zone – 1m
FOUNDATION

58. SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
EXCAVATION PLAN

59. column schedule
SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

60. Column layout
SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

61. ANCHOR LAYOUT
SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

62. Beam detail
SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL
DRAWINGS

63. Retaining wall
SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

64. THANK YOU 
BY
SUBMITTED BY
ABHISHEK SINGH (GU13R0191)
3RD YEAR (UNDER GRADUATION)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SAHARANPUR, UTTAR PRADESH - 247001