slides prepared for interacting with "Coal India Supervisors" for boosting their moral & encouraging them.

1. PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF
SUPERVISION & ORGANISATION :-
Task identification in performance area
CHANDRAJEET SAHU
MANAGER (EXCV), GEVRA PROJECT

2. INTRODUCTION
There is an old saying that “which is not inspected is not
done”. Hence, inspection , overseeing ,and supervision
arise in response to need inherent in the functioning of an
organization.
Good managers oversee the performance of workers. It is
necessary to oversee the performance to achieve early
objectives. Top management oversees the performance of
management members and management members
oversee the performance of non management members.
They are also called as First line managers. Supervisors have
different names like foreman, department head, head clerk,
charge man, chief clerk, head assistant, inspector,
superintendent or section officer etc

3. Understanding importance of
Supervisor

4. MEANING
•
•
• The term “supervision” has its origin in two Latin
words : super meaning “above” ; vision meaning “see”.
• In a hierarchical organization no one can claim to
work without proper supervision . For proper
functioning of an organization , it is very essential that
there should be proper coordination and link among
different parts and organs of an organization.

5. DEFINITION
• Supervision is defined as a process undertaken
for a specific purpose for fulfillment of
organizational goals by striving to maintain the
required quality of performance through
constantly supporting and assisting the worker to
perform the best .
• Supervision has been defined as a cooperative
relationship between the leader and one or more
person to accomplish a particular job.

6. DEFINITION
(Continued)…..
• According to to Jean Barret , Supervision is
kind of teaching which involves advising ,
helping , inspiring , leading and liberating.
• Terry and Franklin meant supervision as
“guiding and directing efforts of the
employees and other resources to
accomplish stated work outputs”.

7. DEFINITION (Continued)….. …..
• According to Margaret Williamson –
Supervision is process by which workers are
helped by designated staff member to learn
according to the needs to make the best use
of their knowledge and skills and to improve
their abilities so that they do their job more
effectively and increase satisfaction to
themselves and to the organization.

8. DEFINITION (Continued)….. …..
• John D. Millett rightly observed –Supervision
is more than a process , it is a spirit which
animates relationship between levels of
organization and which includes maximum
accomplishment , or when unsuccessful ,
generates administrative paralysis.

9. QUALITIES OF A GOOD SUPERVISOR •
• Impartial: -should give equal opportunity to all.
• • Initiative :- Should work by his own.
• Tactful & Logical.
• Careful Listener
• Enthusiastic.
• Emotional control
• Obedient & Punctual.
• Kept his words. (awards his subordinates , not complain to his boss)
• Took responsibility by self, (in both conditions good & bad)
• • Personal qualifications
• • Teaching ability

10. Functions of Supervisor
• Provides technical knowledge
• Gives orders, instructions and implements the rules
Converts the goals, programmes, policies and
resources into products and services .
• Creates proper climate ,arranges work assignments,
determines procedures. Arranges tools and materials
etc.
• Supervisor motivates workers becomes an example
hears complaints and helps to solve them
communicates the feelings or problems to the top
management controls the performance Recommends
promotions, transfers and pay increase.

11. Responsibility of Supervisor
A. Responsibilities towards workers or
subordinates.
B. Responsibilities towards management
C. Responsibilities towards his own functions.
D. Responsibilities towards his colleagues

12. GOALS OF SUPERVISION
• • To bring personal and professional growth of
employees in order to achieve quality in organization.
• • It is the key to maintain standards.
• • To persist in the delivery of high quality product for
any organization.
• • To assist and to help in the development of staff to
their highest potential.
• • To interpret policies , objectives & need etc. of the
organization.
• • To plan services cooperatively and to develop
coordination to avoid overlapping .

13. GOALS OF SUPERVISION (continued)
• To assist in the problem solving of the matters
concerning personal , administrative and
operation of services.
• • To develop standards of service and methods of
evaluation of a personnel and services.
• • To evaluate the services given , personal
performance , progress made and to suggest
changes for improving the work effectively and
outcome of the personnel

14. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
SUPERVISION
Supervision is ongoing process invariably
interwoven with motivation , performance
appraisal , staff development and leadership
• • Supervisors are always accountable for the
performance of their subordinates working
under them / his span of control.
• • Supervisors have to help the workers to
improve , develop and reinforce knowledge
and skill according to their individual needs.

15. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF SUPERVISION
(continued)
• • Supervisors are required to help their workers to
develop right attitude.
• • Another essential tenet of supervision includes
assisting the worker to perform in the best possible
way to yield the best results in terms of realization of
the organizational goals.

16. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
(continued)
• Supervision should encourage self expression so
as to draw out potential abilities of a worker •
Supervisors should provide initiative to individual
to take more responsibility.
• • Supervisor should provide full opportunity to
do work in cooperation to develop the team spirit
. And develop good interpersonal relationship.
• • Supervisor should give autonomy to the
workers to raise productivity.
• • Supervisor interprets policies and give creative
instructions .

17. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
(continued)
• Supervision should meet the individual needs.
• • . Supervisor should always think himself as a
leader / guardian so as to give guidance, help
and encouragement to workers.
• • Supervision should be democratic . Not
autocratic .
• Supervision should be well planned and adopted
to good planning .
• . • Good supervision respects the personality of
an individual (employee).

18. FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISION
• Administrative
• Teaching
• Helping
• Linking.
• Evaluation.

19. TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION
Techniques are based on three stages:-
• Stage one : “Preparation for supervision”
• Stage two :- “ Supervision “
• Stage three “Follow up of supervision”

20. STAGE ONE : PREPARATION FOR
SUPERVISION
• Study of documents, (manpower list, m/c
technical specifications, mine conditions etc)
• Identification of priority for supervision.
(which type of job to be dob
• Preparation of supervision schedule .

21. STAGE TWO : SUPERVISION
• i) Establishing Contacts . (with persons u need
to interact regularly viz service engineers,
drivers, MTK, over man / foreman etc.
• ii.) Review of the objectives , targets and
norms .
• iii. Review the job description. (suggest
changes in any).
• iv. Observe the staff’s motivation .
• v. Observe for any potential conflicts .

22. STAGE THREE : FOLLOW UP OF
SUPERVISION •
• Reorganization of time –table/workplan/duty roster
• • Organizing in-service training programmes
/continuing education programmes for workers under
your control. ( if u have found shortcomings)
• • Initiating changes in logistic support or supply
system . ( if u have found shortcomings)
• • Initiating actions for organizing staff welfare
activities. (without much interference from ur boss)
• • Counseling and guidance regarding career
development and professional growth.

23. FACTORS OF EFFECTIVE SUPERVISION
• Human Relation Skill
• Technical and managerial knowledge
• Leadership 
• Improved upward relations
• Relief from Non-supervisory duties

24. STYLES OF SUPERVISION
• An autocratic supervisor Autocratican or dictatorial
technique :-Whatever the methods or procedures are
fixed by the management, they should be strictly
adhered to by the subordinates. This technique is
suitable where the labour is not properly organized.
(mostly in PVT industries)

25. STYLES OF SUPERVISION
A Democratic supervisor Consultative or
democratic technique A supervisor takes decision
regarding methods or procedures to be adopted
only after consulting his subordinates. All the
democratic principles are adopted under this
technique .

26. CONCLUSION
• Supervision is more than inspection and investigation .It is a
key to successful administration and is most important
functions in an organization.
• So, today we have discussed about principles and techniques
of supervision.