COMMON SKIN INFECTIONS : SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FUNGAL AND YEAST INFECTION

1. COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCEs
S.V.B.P.UNIVERSITYOFAG.& TECH.,MEERUT.
Presented To.
Dr. Harshit Verma
( Course Advisor )
Presented By.
Surya Kant (v -3098/14)
SEMINAR ON
“COMMON SKIN INFECTIONS : SPECIAL EMPHASIS
ON FUNGAL AND YEAST INFECTION’’

2. Skin Infections
i. The skin is the first line of defense of the body against micro organisms.(Bacteria,
Fungi, viruses & others)
ii. The skin always has some amount of bacteria, fungus and viruses living on it
iii. Occur when there are breaks in the skin and the organisms have uncontrolled growth
iv. These are associated with: swelling ,tenderness, warm skin, blisters, ulceration, fever
headache. Rarely systemic disease..septicemia
v. Causative organism
 Bacterial- common pathogens- Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
 Fungal
 Viral
 Parasitic

3. By Bacteria and Viruses:-
 Folliculitis-Infection of hair follicle
Causative Agent- Staphylococcus aureus
 Hot tub Folliculitis –
Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Furuncle/Boil-
 Infection of pilosebaceous unit(hair follicle and surrounding tissue)
Carbuncle-
 Virus:-
Diseases- Viral warts, Molluscum contagiousm

4. Fungal Skin Infections
 An inflammatory infection in which fungi invade the skin or other body tissues.
Some types of fungal infections can be mild, such as a rash on the skin, however
they can be severe, such as fungal pneumonia
 Very common and include athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and yeast infections
Fungi : common groups
I. Dermatophytes - group of fungi (ringworm) have the ability to infect and
survive only on dead keratin on the top layer of skin hair and the nails
II. Candida albicans - Yeast infection
III. Pityrosporium - Yeast, present in normal flora of skin, esp. scalp & trunk
Classification of fungal infection
1. Superficial 2. Cutaneous
3. Subcutaneous 4. Systemic
5. Opportunistic

6. Tinea infections
 Tinea means fungal infection
 Clinically, dermatophyte infections are classified by body region:
 T. corporis - Ringworm of the body
 T. capitis - Ringworm of the scalp
 T. cruris - Ringworm of the groin
 T. pedis - Athlete’s foot
 T. unguim - Nail infections
 Tinea/ dermatophyte infections caused by Trichophyton,
Epidermophyton and Microsporum spp.

7. T. corporis (Ringworm of the body)
 Superficial skin infection
 Itchy
 Annular patch (ring
shaped)
 Well defined edge
 Scaling more obvious at
edges(central clearing)

8. Kerion
 Severe case of scalp ringworm
 Appears as inflammed, thickened pus filled area,
sometimes accompanied with fever
 Zoophilic dermatophytes is the usual cause
 Exaggerated response of immune system or an
allergic reaction to fungus
 Tx : oral antifungals, oral steroids (for severe
inflammation)

9. Pityriasis versicolor
 Ppted by heat, sweat, steroids
 Asymptomatic scaly macules on chest, back and face
 Caused by a yeast – Malassezia furfur
 Tx: topical azoles / terbinafine/ selenium sulfide
 Recurrence is common. Tx with oral antifungals for 1-3 days prevents
recurrence for several months.

10. Cutaneous candidiasis
 Candida sp- commensal of GIT
 Precipitating Factors
 Endocrinopathy
 Immunosuppression
 Fe/Zn deficiency
 Oral antibiotic Rx
 Candidalintertrigo-breasts, groin, web spaces
 Erythematous patch with satellite lesions
 Vaginitis/balanitis
 Oropharyngeal candidiasis is marker for AIDS
 Tx : topical Nystatin / Azoles. For wide spread disease oral azoles.
 Rx underlying disorder
 Reduce moisture-
 Wt loss, cotton underwear
 Absorbent/antifungal powder Nystatin

11. T. pedis (Athlete’s foot)
Clinical features
• Dermatitis
• Peeling
• Maceration
• Fissuring
Sites
Toe clefts
It may cause scaling and inflammation in the toe webs, especially the one
between the fourth and fifth toes.

13. Rx-Tinea capitis
Must use oral Rx-prolonged course
-Griseofulvin-20mg/kg/od
Terbinafine-250mg od
-flucanazole-50mg-150mg/wk

14. Investigation-
KOH preparation and looking for
the fungal elements from skin
scraping, nail and hair.
-microscopy of scrapings.

15. Catching ringworm from pets
• Ringworm is an example of zoonotic disease (transmitted
from animals to humans).
• Cats are among the most commonly affected animals and
studies have shown that in 30%-70% of households in
which a cat dovelops ringworm.
• Dogs, cows, goats, pigs and horses can spread ringworm to
humans and other animals via direct contact or contact
with other objects the infected animal has touched (such as
bedding, grooming articles, saddles, furniture, carpeting,
etc.)

16. How Is Ringworm Diagnosed?
Sometimes, the diagnosis of ringworm is obvious from its location and appearance.
Otherwise, doctors can test skin scrapings for tinea fungus
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ringworm/ss/slideshow-ringworm-overview

17. Tinea tx
 Topical terbinafine/ azole x nearly 4 wks
 Oral tx for T. capitis, Onychomycosis – need at least
6 – 12 wks tx
 Topical nystatin not effective against Tinea. It works
for Candida.
 Griseofulvin – is cheap, but has more side effects and
needs longer duration of tx