fungi

1. Cutaneous mycosis
dermatophytoses Tinea versicolor Tinea nigra

2. 1. Dermatophytoses
Caused by dermatophytes
Also called Tinea , ringworm
Because they’re typical ringworm lesions of inflamed
circular border containing papules and vesicles located in
warm humid body parts
(e.g athletes foot , jock itch)
infect only Superficial keratinized structures skin , nail, hair
classification Trichophyton , Epidermophyton, microsporum
Spread from Persons by direct contact
Microsporum is spread from animals too
treatment Topically :Terbinafine (lamisil) , miconazole (miconaz).
Orally : itroconazole (itranox cap)
Nail Solution : trosyd

3. 1. Dermatophytoses
The disease is typically
named for the affected
body parts

4. 1. Dermatophytoses types
Tinea pedis
(foot)
Tinea cruris
(groin)
Tinea
ungium
(nails)
Tinea capitis
(head)

5. 1. Dermatophytoses treatment
terbinafine miconazole itraconazole
tioconazole

6. question
Your patient is a 10 years old boy with tinea pedis (athletes feet)
which one of the following is the best drug of choice to treat
this infection
A)Amphotercin B
B)Caspofungin
C) flucytosine
D)terbinafine

7. 2. Tinea versicolor
Caused by Malassezia species
Also called Pityriasis versicolor
Appear as hypopigmented areas specially in summer
and hot humid weather
infect only Superficial skin , it is not contagious
treatment DOC : Topical miconazole
prevent reccurence by : oral fluconazole or
itraconazole

8. 2. Tinea versicolor treatment
Oral fluconazole Topical miconazole

9. 2. Tinea Nigra
Caused by Cladosporium werneckii
Appears as Brownish spot caused by melanin like
pigment
infect only Keratinized layer of skin
treatment Topical keratolytic agent as salicylic
acid

10. Sub-Cutaneous mycosis
sporotrichosis chromomycosis mycetoma

11. 1. Sporotrichosis

12. 1. Sporotrichosis
Caused by Sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis Is a dimorphic fungus
Mold form: lives in plant
Yeast form : in human tissue
Gardeners Sporotrichosis occur often in gardeners, especially
those who prune roses and stuck by their thron
Clinical lab Round or cigar shaped budding yeasts are seen
Hyphae occur bearing oval conidia in clusters
resembling a daisy
treatment Doc: itraconazole
And prevent touching plant thrones

13. 2. Chromomycosis
Caused by By soil fungi (fonsecaea, phialophora,
cladosporium)
Called dematiaceous fungi
Because their conidia are dark colores
either gray or black found in bare feet
Clinical lab Dark brown , round fungal cells are seen in
leukocytes or giant cells
treatment Oral flucytosine or thiabendazole
Plus local surgery

14. 3. mycetoma
Caused by Soil fungi (petriellidium, madurella)
Enter
through
Through wounds on feet,hand, back cause
abcess with pus dishcarged through sinuses
treatment There is no effective drug so surgery is
recommended

15. Opportunistic mycosis
candida cryptococcus aspergillus
Mucor
&
rhizopus
pneumocystis

16. 1. Candida
Caused by Candida albicans
Enter through Mucous membrane
In mouth and vagina
diagnosis pseudohyphae appear gram-positive and can be
visualized by using calcofluor-white staining. In
culture, typical yeast colonies are formed that
resemble large staphylococcal colonies. Candida
albicans forms germ tubes in serum at 37°C, whereas
Chlamydospores are typically formed by C. albicans
treatment Fluconazole
Echinocandin

17. 1. Candida

18. 2.cryptococcosis
Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans
Cause cryptococcal meningitis is the most common life
threatning fungal disease worldwide
transmission grows in soil containing bird droppings.
Human infection results from inhalation of the organism.
There is no human-to-human transmission.
diagnosis 1. periodic acid-Schiff (PAS stain), methenamine silver,
and mucicarmine stains
2. In infected spinal fluid, capsular antigen occurs in high
titer so detected by cryptococcal antigen test, often
abbreviated as "crag"
treatment DOC Amphotericin B + Flucytosine

22. 3. Aspergillus
Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus
Enter
through
Wounds , burns of skin , cornea , sinuses
and produce an aspergilloma (fungus ball)
seen on x-ray
Most common cause of fungal sinusitis
diagnosis In biopsy organisms are seen as septate
hyphae
treatment DOC Voriconazole

23. 4. MUCOR & RHIZOPUS
mucormycosis Caused by saprophytic molds (mucor,
Rhizopus, absidia)
Spread by Airborne asexual spores and invade
immunocompromised patients
Diabetic patients Diabetic patients are susceptible to
rhinocerebral mucormycosis, where mold
spores in the sinuses germinate to form hyphae
that invade blood vessels that supply the brain.
Block vessels and cause necrosis
Clinical lab In biopsy organisms are seen as nonseptate
hyphae
treatment Posaconazole

24. 5.pneumocystis
Caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci
Classified as yeast but has many protozoan
charachteristics so regarded as unclassified
organism
Enter through Inhalation of airborne organism in lungs
The mortality rate of untreated pneumocystis
pneumonia is 100%
diagnosis Finding the cyst of pneumocystis in bronchial
lavage specimen using
- fluroscent antibody stain as methenamine silver or
giemsa
-pcr also used
treatment TMP/SMX