mycology related

1. M Y C O L O G
Y
P R E S E N TAT I O N
G R O U P 0 6
B S . M L S ( 6 B )

2. G R O U P
M E M B E R
S
• Shahid Fareed F20-129
• Samina Razaq F20-153
• Mehwish F20-198
• Maham batool F20-181
• Irum ismail F20-169
• Sania Rafique F20 171
• M. Saqlain F20-195
• Ayesha Naveed F19-171
• Alina shaffique F20-280
• Noman Akmal F20-192

3. T O P I C
S U P E R F I C I A L
M Y C O S I S

4. I N T R O D U
C T I O N
S U P E R F I C I A L
M Y C O S I S
• Superficial mycosis is a disease
of the skin and it is caused by
fungi .
• They have the affinity to keratin
rich tissues and produce dermal
inflammatory response, intense
itching, and cosmetically poor
appearance.

6. Types of Superficial Mycosis
1. Surface infections .
• • Mycoses that penerate the epidermis
and dermis to infect deeper tissue are
called subcutaneous mycoses•
• Causes: infection limited to the
outermost layer of the skin and hair
• Tinea versicolor
• Tinea nigra
• Piedra ( black and white piedra )
2. Cutaneous infections
• Mycoses that causes superficial Infection
of the epidermis,hair and nail are called
subcutaneous mycosis
• Dematophytes they are also called tinea
infection and ringworm infection
• Three Genera ETM
• causes
• Nail,Skin,Hair
• Transmission
• Human to human
• Microsporum: Animal to human

8. What is
pityriasis
versicolor?
• Pityriasis versicolor is a common yeast infection of the skin, in which
flaky discoloured patches appear on the chest and back.
• The term Pityriasis is used to describe skin conditions in which the
scale appears similar to bran. Pityriasis versicolor is sometimes
called Tinea versicolor, although the term Tinea should strictly be
used for dermatophyte fungus infections.
• Pityriasis versicolor is caused by mycelial growth of fungi of the
genus Malassezia(Malassezia are part of the normal skin
microbiota (microorganisms found on normal skin). They
are dependent on lipid for survival.)
• Pityriasis versicolor is usually asymptomatic, but in some
people it is mildly itchy.

10. C A U S E S
O F
P I T Y R I A S
I S
V E R S I C O
L O R

12. How is pityriasis
versicolor
diagnosed?
Pityriasis versicolor is usually diagnosed clinically. The
following tests may be useful.
1. Wood lamp (black light) examination — yellow-
green fluorescence may be observed in affected
areas
2. Dermoscopy of Pityriasis versicolor — pallor,
background faint pigment network, and scale
3. Microscopy of a skin scraping (using potassium
hydroxide (KOH) to remove skin cells) — hyphae
and yeast cells that resemble spaghetti and
meatballs
4. Fungal culture — this is usually reported to be
negative, as it is quite difficult to persuade the
yeasts to grow in a laboratory
5. Skin biopsy — fungal elements may be seen within
the outer cells of the skin (stratum corneum) on
histopathology. Special stains may be required.

14. What is Tinea
Nigra?
• Tinea Nigra is a mould infection of the skin of
the palm or sole presenting as persistent brown
or black patches.
• Tinea Nigra is due to infection with a brown
mould, Hortaea werneckii. This mould usually
inhabits soil
• Topical application of antifungal agents usually
resolves Tinea Nigra within 2-4 weeks.
• Tinea Nigra may be suspected clinically but should be confirmed by mycology.
Scrapings that have been taken from the edge of the scaly lesion show a mycelium.
The hyphae can be clear in colour, yellow or brown, and are septate.

15. C A U S E S
O F
T I N E A
N I G R A
This skin infection happens after you come in
contact with a fungus called Hortaea werneckii.
Hortaea werneckii thrives in hypersaline
environments or bodies of water with extremely high
salt content.
For example, the Dead Sea, which is one of the
saltiest lakes in the world, is a hypersaline
environment.
Tinea Nigra has a long incubation period. This
means that it doesn’t show up immediately after you
come in contact with Hortaea werneckii. You’ll see
colour changes in your skin at least 2 to 7 weeks
after your exposure to the fungus.
you will find Hortaea werneckii in rotten wood, dirt,
composted materials, and sewage, which you’re
likely to step on or touch. The fungus can enter and
infect your body through even the smallest cut or
opening in your skin.

16. Prevention of
Tinea Nigra
• Difficult to prevent because of
its unique cause.
• You should avoid touching
Hortaea werneckii, especially if
you have any open cuts.
• Try to should stay away from the
places where it’s most often
found .

17. What is Piedra?
• Piedra, the Spanish word for “stone,” is a descriptive
name for fungal infections that cause small, stone-like
concretions on hair.
• Piedra is divided into two subtypes: white piedra and
black piedra.
• Cause: Piedra is a superficial fungal infection of hair
shafts, which presents with small nodules stuck-on to
the shaft. Black piedra, caused by Piedraia hortae, is
characterized by black colour nodules and is common
in the tropics, especially in individuals with long hair
and poor scalp hygiene.
• Risk Factors: Predisposing factors to infection may
include persistent, warm, moist conditions; long hair,
especially when tied up or occluded with hair
coverings or oil; and poor hygiene

18. Dermatophytes
• Dermatophytes are commonly found in the environment and are spread from one person to another
through direct skin contact or, more rarely, through contact with an infected animal or soil
• Treatment of dermatophytosis depends on the infectious microorganism, location and severity of the
infection, and typically includes systemic or topical therapy with antifungals. Preventive measures to
control the spread of the infection include avoiding close contact with others, as well as avoiding the
sharing of personal objects that could be contaminated.
• Dermatophytes are fungi that require keratin for growth. These fungi can cause superficial infections of
the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatophytes are spread by direct contact from other people (anthropophilic
organisms), animals (zoophilic organisms), and soil (geophilic organisms), as well as indirectly from
fomites.
• Dermatophytes are broadly classified into three groups depending on their environmental habitat and
include anthropophiles (living on humans), zoophiles (living on animals), and geophiles (living in the
soil)

21. T H A N K
Y O U 😊