SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Summary of topic 6.3

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
Michael Smith
Michael Smith

IB Diploma Environmental Systems and Societies

Education
1 of 7
Topic 6 Atmospheric Systems and Societies 6.3 Photochemical Smog http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= UtdKRvWC1yQ
Tropospheric Ozone • CO, CO2, SOx NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from the burning of fossil fuels (especially in car engines) • NOx and VOCs release oxygen atoms under the action of UV light which combine with O2 in the troposphere to form ozone • This is accelerated by high temperatures and sunny conditions – therefore the problems are exacerbated in conurbations close to the equator • Smog can also be caused by the burning of trees as part of deforestation
Effects of Tropospheric Ozone • Ozone damages plants and in humans causes eye and skin irritation and breathing problems • It is very reactive and attacks man-made fibres • In large urban areas (like Mexico City) , tropospheric ozone is less of a problem, since ozone reacts with NO from car exhausts to form NO2 – however this causes separate pollution problems (photochemical smog) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVcFps_gWpk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6L_7QvJr64
Photochemical Smog • Caused by a mixture of ozone, NOx and VOCs • It is a problem in cities where pollutants are not swept away by winds (either due to low pressure or the existence of a thermocline) • Summer smog occurs in sunny areas where photochemical activity causes ozone formation • Winter smog occurs due to thermal inversion and the increased combustion of fossil fuels in cold conditions • Often smog problems are worse in areas surrounding city centres since: – Ozone forms relatively slowly allowing polluted air to drift away from where it was formed – Nox levels are higher in city centres and react with ozone
Thermal Inversion • This is caused when dense, cool air is trapped beneath less dense, warm air • It is a particular problem in Mexico City • The 2 layers of air can’t mix, so the smog builds up near the ground and is not swept away
Management Strategies • Reduced use of private vehicles and trucks • Introduction of more efficient engines • Encouraging car-pooling and use of public transport • Switch from road to rail haulage • Change to more efficient and less polluting fuels
Questions 1. State the sources and effects of tropospheric ozone 2. Outline the formation of photochemical smog 3. Describe the effects of photochemical smog 4. Describe and evaluate strategies to control urban air pollution

Recommended

Summary of topic 6.2
Summary of topic 6.2Summary of topic 6.2
Summary of topic 6.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 6.4
Summary of topic 6.4Summary of topic 6.4
Summary of topic 6.4Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.2
Summary of topic 8.2Summary of topic 8.2
Summary of topic 8.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.1
Summary of topic 8.1Summary of topic 8.1
Summary of topic 8.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.3
Summary of topic 8.3Summary of topic 8.3
Summary of topic 8.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 6.1
Summary of topic 6.1Summary of topic 6.1
Summary of topic 6.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 5.3
Summary of topic 5.3Summary of topic 5.3
Summary of topic 5.3Michael Smith
 

Recommended

Summary of topic 6.2
Summary of topic 6.2Summary of topic 6.2
Summary of topic 6.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 6.4
Summary of topic 6.4Summary of topic 6.4
Summary of topic 6.4Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.2
Summary of topic 8.2Summary of topic 8.2
Summary of topic 8.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.1
Summary of topic 8.1Summary of topic 8.1
Summary of topic 8.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.3
Summary of topic 8.3Summary of topic 8.3
Summary of topic 8.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 6.1
Summary of topic 6.1Summary of topic 6.1
Summary of topic 6.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 5.3
Summary of topic 5.3Summary of topic 5.3
Summary of topic 5.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 7.1
Summary of topic 7.1Summary of topic 7.1
Summary of topic 7.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.2
Summary of topic 4.2Summary of topic 4.2
Summary of topic 4.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.4
Summary of topic 8.4Summary of topic 8.4
Summary of topic 8.4Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 5.1
Summary of topic 5.1Summary of topic 5.1
Summary of topic 5.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 5.2
Summary of topic 5.2Summary of topic 5.2
Summary of topic 5.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.1
Summary of topic 4.1Summary of topic 4.1
Summary of topic 4.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.3
Summary of topic 4.3Summary of topic 4.3
Summary of topic 4.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 7.2
Summary of topic 7.2Summary of topic 7.2
Summary of topic 7.2Michael Smith
 
ESS Topic 2.1 - Structures
ESS Topic 2.1 - StructuresESS Topic 2.1 - Structures
ESS Topic 2.1 - StructuresBrad Kremer
 
2.2. Communities and ecosystems
2.2. Communities and ecosystems 2.2. Communities and ecosystems
2.2. Communities and ecosystems Miltiadis Kitsos
 
Summary of topic 2.5
Summary of topic 2.5Summary of topic 2.5
Summary of topic 2.5Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 1.3
Summary of topic 1.3Summary of topic 1.3
Summary of topic 1.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.4
Summary of topic 4.4Summary of topic 4.4
Summary of topic 4.4Michael Smith
 
Topic 3.3
Topic 3.3 Topic 3.3
Topic 3.3 Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Michael Smith
 
1.4 Sustainability
1.4 Sustainability1.4 Sustainability
1.4 SustainabilityScott Lucas
 
Summary of topic 1.4
Summary of topic 1.4Summary of topic 1.4
Summary of topic 1.4Michael Smith
 
Topic 3.1
Topic 3.1 Topic 3.1
Topic 3.1 Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 5.7
Summary of topic 5.7Summary of topic 5.7
Summary of topic 5.7Michael Smith
 
Air-Pollution .pdf
Air-Pollution .pdfAir-Pollution .pdf
Air-Pollution .pdfKIET Group of Institutions
 

More Related Content

What's hot

Summary of topic 7.1
Summary of topic 7.1Summary of topic 7.1
Summary of topic 7.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.2
Summary of topic 4.2Summary of topic 4.2
Summary of topic 4.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 8.4
Summary of topic 8.4Summary of topic 8.4
Summary of topic 8.4Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 5.1
Summary of topic 5.1Summary of topic 5.1
Summary of topic 5.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 5.2
Summary of topic 5.2Summary of topic 5.2
Summary of topic 5.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.1
Summary of topic 4.1Summary of topic 4.1
Summary of topic 4.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.3
Summary of topic 4.3Summary of topic 4.3
Summary of topic 4.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 7.2
Summary of topic 7.2Summary of topic 7.2
Summary of topic 7.2Michael Smith
 
ESS Topic 2.1 - Structures
ESS Topic 2.1 - StructuresESS Topic 2.1 - Structures
ESS Topic 2.1 - StructuresBrad Kremer
 
2.2. Communities and ecosystems
2.2. Communities and ecosystems 2.2. Communities and ecosystems
2.2. Communities and ecosystems Miltiadis Kitsos
 
Summary of topic 2.5
Summary of topic 2.5Summary of topic 2.5
Summary of topic 2.5Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 1.3
Summary of topic 1.3Summary of topic 1.3
Summary of topic 1.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 4.4
Summary of topic 4.4Summary of topic 4.4
Summary of topic 4.4Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Michael Smith
 
1.4 Sustainability
1.4 Sustainability1.4 Sustainability
1.4 SustainabilityScott Lucas
 
Summary of topic 1.4
Summary of topic 1.4Summary of topic 1.4
Summary of topic 1.4Michael Smith
 

What's hot (20)

Summary of topic 7.1
Summary of topic 7.1Summary of topic 7.1
Summary of topic 7.1
 
Summary of topic 4.2
Summary of topic 4.2Summary of topic 4.2
Summary of topic 4.2
 
Summary of topic 8.4
Summary of topic 8.4Summary of topic 8.4
Summary of topic 8.4
 
Summary of topic 5.1
Summary of topic 5.1Summary of topic 5.1
Summary of topic 5.1
 
Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3
 
Summary of topic 5.2
Summary of topic 5.2Summary of topic 5.2
Summary of topic 5.2
 
Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4
 
Summary of topic 4.1
Summary of topic 4.1Summary of topic 4.1
Summary of topic 4.1
 
Summary of topic 4.3
Summary of topic 4.3Summary of topic 4.3
Summary of topic 4.3
 
Summary of topic 7.2
Summary of topic 7.2Summary of topic 7.2
Summary of topic 7.2
 
ESS Topic 2.1 - Structures
ESS Topic 2.1 - StructuresESS Topic 2.1 - Structures
ESS Topic 2.1 - Structures
 
2.2. Communities and ecosystems
2.2. Communities and ecosystems 2.2. Communities and ecosystems
2.2. Communities and ecosystems
 
Summary of topic 2.5
Summary of topic 2.5Summary of topic 2.5
Summary of topic 2.5
 
Summary of topic 1.3
Summary of topic 1.3Summary of topic 1.3
Summary of topic 1.3
 
Summary of topic 4.4
Summary of topic 4.4Summary of topic 4.4
Summary of topic 4.4
 
Topic 3.3
Topic 3.3 Topic 3.3
Topic 3.3
 
Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4Summary of topic 2.4
Summary of topic 2.4
 
1.4 Sustainability
1.4 Sustainability1.4 Sustainability
1.4 Sustainability
 
Summary of topic 1.4
Summary of topic 1.4Summary of topic 1.4
Summary of topic 1.4
 
Topic 3.1
Topic 3.1 Topic 3.1
Topic 3.1
 

Similar to Summary of topic 6.3

Summary of topic 5.7
Summary of topic 5.7Summary of topic 5.7
Summary of topic 5.7Michael Smith
 
Ozone layer and its depletion
Ozone layer and its depletionOzone layer and its depletion
Ozone layer and its depletionMuhammad Saaim
 
Es air pollutions
Es air pollutionsEs air pollutions
Es air pollutionsPrashant 42
 
Es air pollutions
Es air pollutionsEs air pollutions
Es air pollutionsPrashant 42
 
social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.ppt
social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.pptsocial and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.ppt
social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.pptGomathy Sengottaiyan
 
A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...
A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...
A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...jaipal18
 
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...AMIR HASSAN
 
Climate change and Ozone layer depletion
Climate change and Ozone layer depletionClimate change and Ozone layer depletion
Climate change and Ozone layer depletionNishanthSJeevan
 
Chapter 23 environmental chemistry
Chapter 23 environmental chemistryChapter 23 environmental chemistry
Chapter 23 environmental chemistryHashim Ali
 
Air pollution, types, pollutants, and its management
Air pollution, types, pollutants, and its managementAir pollution, types, pollutants, and its management
Air pollution, types, pollutants, and its managementSushant Gyawali
 

Similar to Summary of topic 6.3 (20)

Summary of topic 5.7
Summary of topic 5.7Summary of topic 5.7
Summary of topic 5.7
 
Air-Pollution .pdf
Air-Pollution .pdfAir-Pollution .pdf
Air-Pollution .pdf
 
Development and Environment
Development and EnvironmentDevelopment and Environment
Development and Environment
 
Ozone layer and its depletion
Ozone layer and its depletionOzone layer and its depletion
Ozone layer and its depletion
 
The Science of Living System - All About Greenhouse
The Science of Living System - All About GreenhouseThe Science of Living System - All About Greenhouse
The Science of Living System - All About Greenhouse
 
Air pollution
Air pollutionAir pollution
Air pollution
 
Es air pollutions
Es air pollutionsEs air pollutions
Es air pollutions
 
Es air pollutions
Es air pollutionsEs air pollutions
Es air pollutions
 
Ozone & Depletion
Ozone & DepletionOzone & Depletion
Ozone & Depletion
 
Nikhil
NikhilNikhil
Nikhil
 
social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.ppt
social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.pptsocial and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.ppt
social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric.ppt
 
A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...
A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...
A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emis...
 
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
 
Climate change and Ozone layer depletion
Climate change and Ozone layer depletionClimate change and Ozone layer depletion
Climate change and Ozone layer depletion
 
Air pollution chapter 02
Air pollution chapter 02Air pollution chapter 02
Air pollution chapter 02
 
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
Chemace
 
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
Chemace
 
Chapter 23 environmental chemistry
Chapter 23 environmental chemistryChapter 23 environmental chemistry
Chapter 23 environmental chemistry
 
Air pollution, types, pollutants, and its management
Air pollution, types, pollutants, and its managementAir pollution, types, pollutants, and its management
Air pollution, types, pollutants, and its management
 
Environ
EnvironEnviron
Environ
 

More from Michael Smith

Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.2
Summary of topic 2.2Summary of topic 2.2
Summary of topic 2.2Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.1
Summary of topic 2.1Summary of topic 2.1
Summary of topic 2.1Michael Smith
 
Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Michael Smith
 
Topic 3.4 conservation of biodiversity
Topic 3.4 conservation of biodiversityTopic 3.4 conservation of biodiversity
Topic 3.4 conservation of biodiversityMichael Smith
 
TOK presentation criteria
TOK presentation criteriaTOK presentation criteria
TOK presentation criteriaMichael Smith
 
Summary of topic 1.1
Summary of topic 1.1Summary of topic 1.1
Summary of topic 1.1Michael Smith
 

More from Michael Smith (17)

Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3Summary of topic 7.3
Summary of topic 7.3
 
Topic 4
Topic 4Topic 4
Topic 4
 
Topic 7
Topic 7Topic 7
Topic 7
 
Topic 8
Topic 8Topic 8
Topic 8
 
Topic 2
Topic 2Topic 2
Topic 2
 
Topic 1
Topic 1Topic 1
Topic 1
 
Topic 5
Topic 5Topic 5
Topic 5
 
Topic 6
Topic 6Topic 6
Topic 6
 
Topic 3
Topic 3Topic 3
Topic 3
 
Summary of topic 2.2
Summary of topic 2.2Summary of topic 2.2
Summary of topic 2.2
 
Summary of topic 2.1
Summary of topic 2.1Summary of topic 2.1
Summary of topic 2.1
 
Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3Summary of topic 2.3
Summary of topic 2.3
 
Topic 3.4 conservation of biodiversity
Topic 3.4 conservation of biodiversityTopic 3.4 conservation of biodiversity
Topic 3.4 conservation of biodiversity
 
TOK essay criteria
TOK essay criteriaTOK essay criteria
TOK essay criteria
 
TOK presentation criteria
TOK presentation criteriaTOK presentation criteria
TOK presentation criteria
 
Topic 3.2
Topic 3.2Topic 3.2
Topic 3.2
 
Summary of topic 1.1
Summary of topic 1.1Summary of topic 1.1
Summary of topic 1.1
 

Recently uploaded

Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfSanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfsanyamsingh5019
 
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdfClass 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdfakmcokerachita
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfUmakantAnnand
 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentInMediaRes1
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Sakshi Ghasle
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Celine George
 
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppCeline George
 
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxpboyjonauth
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)eniolaolutunde
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting DataJhengPantaleon
 
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfBASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfSoniaTolstoy
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionSafetyChain Software
 
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptxSolving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
 
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfSanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
 
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdfClass 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
 
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
 
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
 
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
 
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfBASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
 
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptxSolving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
 
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
 

Summary of topic 6.3

  • 1. Topic 6 Atmospheric Systems and Societies 6.3 Photochemical Smog http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= UtdKRvWC1yQ
  • 2. Tropospheric Ozone • CO, CO2, SOx NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from the burning of fossil fuels (especially in car engines) • NOx and VOCs release oxygen atoms under the action of UV light which combine with O2 in the troposphere to form ozone • This is accelerated by high temperatures and sunny conditions – therefore the problems are exacerbated in conurbations close to the equator • Smog can also be caused by the burning of trees as part of deforestation
  • 3. Effects of Tropospheric Ozone • Ozone damages plants and in humans causes eye and skin irritation and breathing problems • It is very reactive and attacks man-made fibres • In large urban areas (like Mexico City) , tropospheric ozone is less of a problem, since ozone reacts with NO from car exhausts to form NO2 – however this causes separate pollution problems (photochemical smog) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVcFps_gWpk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6L_7QvJr64
  • 4. Photochemical Smog • Caused by a mixture of ozone, NOx and VOCs • It is a problem in cities where pollutants are not swept away by winds (either due to low pressure or the existence of a thermocline) • Summer smog occurs in sunny areas where photochemical activity causes ozone formation • Winter smog occurs due to thermal inversion and the increased combustion of fossil fuels in cold conditions • Often smog problems are worse in areas surrounding city centres since: – Ozone forms relatively slowly allowing polluted air to drift away from where it was formed – Nox levels are higher in city centres and react with ozone
  • 5. Thermal Inversion • This is caused when dense, cool air is trapped beneath less dense, warm air • It is a particular problem in Mexico City • The 2 layers of air can’t mix, so the smog builds up near the ground and is not swept away
  • 6. Management Strategies • Reduced use of private vehicles and trucks • Introduction of more efficient engines • Encouraging car-pooling and use of public transport • Switch from road to rail haulage • Change to more efficient and less polluting fuels
  • 7. Questions 1. State the sources and effects of tropospheric ozone 2. Outline the formation of photochemical smog 3. Describe the effects of photochemical smog 4. Describe and evaluate strategies to control urban air pollution