1. The document discusses topics related to soil systems, terrestrial food production systems, and their impact on societies. It covers concepts like soil profiles, ecosystem services provided by soil, and factors that influence agricultural potential and limit plant growth.
2. The document also discusses topics like agribusiness, factors leading to unsustainable food production, and ways to increase sustainability. It outlines issues like decreasing land for agriculture, impacts of different farming methods, and soil conservation measures.
3. Additional topics covered include food waste, shifting cultivation practices, reasons for inequalities in global food supply, and the role of organic matter and animals in maintaining soil fertility.
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Best Practices In Land And Water ManagementJosé Jump
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Re-orient agriculture and rural development programmes to promote and nurture active participation of farmers and their organizations
Target the production chain: GAP-LWM productivity + food quality markets health and nutrition
Participatory research and support services to facilitate transition from conventional agriculture to GAP-LWM
Restructure inappropriate macro-economic and agricultural policies
Adopt policies that promote and enforce sustainable and productive land and water use through GAP protocols
Protect the integrity of agricultural families – land tenure, build on indigenous knowledge, promote youth in agriculture, reduce labour/drudgery
Adjust legislation to facilitate initiatives of local groups adopting GAP (help meet their needs)
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Soils for Life workshop was held at “Jillamatong” Braidwood, NSW on 13 November 2013. The presentation outlines a system for assessing change and trend in vegetation condition at the paddock level using the VAST framework. To assess change and trend it is necessary to develop ecological literacy about ecological function. The presentation steps through key components of the VAST framework including collating and collecting a chronology about land management practices and regimes and the observed effects these practices had on indicators ecological function. A simple graphical report card is used to assist the land manager see where they have come from, where they are now and to plan strategies for achieving future outcomes by changing land management practices and regimes. Site and paddock-based monitoring of core indicators will assist the and manager to track change and trend.
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Government organizations need to serve farmer clients in more interdisciplinary and participatory ways
Re-orient agriculture and rural development programmes to promote and nurture active participation of farmers and their organizations
Target the production chain: GAP-LWM productivity + food quality markets health and nutrition
Participatory research and support services to facilitate transition from conventional agriculture to GAP-LWM
Restructure inappropriate macro-economic and agricultural policies
Adopt policies that promote and enforce sustainable and productive land and water use through GAP protocols
Protect the integrity of agricultural families – land tenure, build on indigenous knowledge, promote youth in agriculture, reduce labour/drudgery
Adjust legislation to facilitate initiatives of local groups adopting GAP (help meet their needs)
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Agriculture has been and continues to be the most important sector in Indian economy. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. The impact of climate change is a reality and it cuts across all climates sensitive sectors including the Agriculture sector. In this situation this seminar focuses on the climate smart agriculture. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes which is prime requirement in arena of climate change. Farmers possessed low level of knowledge regarding climate change, and they adopted traditional methods to mitigate the impact of climate change. Small land holdings, poor extension services and non availability of stress tolerant verities were the major problems faced by the farmers in adoption to climate change. Extension functionaries were having medium level awareness about impact of climate change on agriculture. They used electronic media, training and conferences and seminars as major sources of information for climate change. They need training on climate smart agriculture aspects. Based on the above facts this presentation focuses on analyzing the opportunities and challenges of climate smart agriculture.
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Topic 5
1. Topic 5 – Soil systems, terrestrial
food production systems and
societies
Draw an annotated diagram of a soil profile
Define the following
Soil profile
Eluvial
Illuvial
Soil texture
2. Outline the ecosystem services provided by soil
Topic 5 – Soil
Explain why fertile soil is often considered a non-renewable resource
Draw an annotated diagram to show the major soil-forming processes
2
3. Using a systems diagram outline why soils must be considered as
an open system
Topic 5 – Soil
Outline each of the following soil forming processes
Transfers of material
Movement of water
Decomposition
Weathering
Nutrient cycling
3
4. List the benefits soil provides plants
Topic 5 – Soil
List the factors that limit plant growth
What is a triangular graph? How can they be used to
demonstrate the soil texture?
4
What are the advantages of using triangular graphs?
5. Explain how the following can influence the agricultural potential of soil
Topic 5 – Soil
Drainage and water holding capacity Air spaces Primary productivity
6. Outline the factors that limit the sustainability of terrestrial
food production systems
Topic 5 – Food Production
Define agribusiness
Outline the main characteristics of agribusiness
6
Outline the limitations of agribusiness
7. Outline how the following may lead to unsustainable food
production systems
Use of water
Use of energy
Use of pesticides
Use of fertilisers
Topic 5 – Food Production
Outline how the following may lead to unsustainable food production systems
Intensive farming
Loss of bees
7
Outline how food production can be made more sustainable
8. Outline why there are inequalities in global food supply
Topic 5 – Food Production
Define import tariffs
Define export subsidies
8
Outline the role of climate change in creating/furthering inequalities
9. Outline how the following reasons contribute to food waste
Poor agricultural practices
Inadequate infrastructure for transporting foods
Poor storage facilities
Topic 5 – Food Waste
Facts about food waster
9
Outline the nature of food
10. Topic 5 – Food Waste
Outline the nature of food in LEDCs
10
Outline the nature of food in MEDCs
11. Define shifting cultivation
Outline the characteristics of shifting cultivation
What kind of societies make use of this practice?
Topic 5 – Social systems and food production
Define wet rice ecosystems
Outline the characteristics of wet rice ecosystems
What kind of societies make use of this practice?
11
Define battery farming
Outline the characteristics of battery farming
What kind of societies make use of this practice?
12. Outline why land for agriculture is decreasing
Topic 5 – Land for agriculture
Outline the energy loss in food chains
12
Discuss why a vegetarian diet maybe more sustainable than a meat eating one
13. Define the following
Commercial farming
Subsistence farming
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
Pastoral farming
Arable farming
Topic 5 – Impacts of food production
CASE STUDY – outline the impacts of one example of arable farming
13
CASE STUDY – outline the impacts of one example of pastoral farming
14. List ways increased sustainability may be achieved in food
production
Topic 5 – Increasing sustainability
Outline how each factor may help to achieve sustainability
Human attitude change
Organic farming
Buffer zones
Monitoring and control
14
List ways sustainability can be reduced through food production
15. Outline the role of organic matter in soil
Topic 5 – Soil Conservation
List ways humans can reduce soil fertility
15
Outline how soil forms
Outline the importance of animals for soil
16. Topic 5 – Soil Conservation
Outline how intensive grazing reduces soil fertility
16
Outline how deforestation reduces soil fertility
17. Topic 5 – Soil Conservation
Outline how irrigation reduces soil fertility
17
Outline how urbanisation reduces soil fertility
Outline how monoculture reduces soil fertility
18. Topic 5 – Soil Conservation
18
CASE STUDY – Commercial farming
Cause
Consequence
Solutions
CASE STUDY – Commercial farming
Cause
Consequence
Solutions
19. Crop management
Topic 5 – Soil Conservation
19
Outline the following soil conservation measures
Reducing bank erosion
Reducing gulley enlargement
Prevention of erosion
Slope run off controlRevegetation
Suppression of wind erosion
Avoiding use of marginal land
20. Topic 5 – Soil Conservation
Outline how management of salt-affected soil can increase soil stability
20
Outline how mechanical methods can be used to reduce water flow
Outline ways of reducing impact of wind erosion
Outline how cropping and soil husbandry methods can work against
water and wind erosion