The document is a presentation on power substations, covering their types, functions, and latest advancements in technology. It explains the importance of substations in electrical generation and distribution, alongside descriptions of various substation types such as transformer and gas insulated substations. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the understanding of substation operations and recent innovations in substation automation.

1. A PRESENTATION ON
POWER SUBSTATIONS, INCLUDING LATEST
ADVANCEMENTS
BY
………………………

2. JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION ,
NOIDA
SUBMITTED BY-
AMITESH KUMAR RAI
(1309120904)
AMARESH KUMAR SINGH
(1309120903)

3. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 NEED OF SUBSTATIONS
 TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EACH TYPE
 OVER-VIEW OF A STANDARD SUBSTATION
 BRIEF DETAILS OF EACH EQUPEMENTS
 LATEST ADVANCEMENTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFRENCES

4. INTRODUCTION
 A SUBSTATION IS A PART OF AN ELECTRICAL GENERATION ,
TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION
 A SUBSTATION TRANSFORM VOLTAGE FROM HIGH TO LOW, OR THE
REVERSE OR PERFORM ANY OF SEVERAL OTHER IMPORTANT
FUNCTIONS LIKE SWITCHING, CONVERTING etc

5. HISTORY
 ELECTRICITY GENERATION is the process of
generating electric power from other sources
of primary energy.
 The fundamentals behind Electricity Generation
were discovered around 1830s by Michael
Faraday.
 During those days we use to utilise the generated
at the same place where it is generated
 But by the time the demand of power increases even from
those areas where generation is not possible.

6. By the time we tried to implement the
concept of transmitting power from one place
to another place.
In the starting we have to transmit the power
to a very less distance, so we directly transmit
the generated power at the generated voltage
itself.

7. NEED OF SUBSTATION
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATION
 TO SATISFY LOAD GROWTH
 TO ACC0MMODATE NEW GENERATION
 TO MAINTAIN RELAIBILITY REQUIREMENT
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
 TO STEP UP AND STEP DOWN AC VOLTAGE LEVEL
 TO BREAK THE POWER FLOW
 PROVIDE SUPPORT TO THE POWER FLOW

8. TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
ON THE BASIS OF SERVICE
REQUIREMENT
TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION
SWITCHING SUBSTATION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
SUBSTATION
FREQUENCY CHANGER SUBSTATION
CONVERTING SUBSTATION
INDUSTRIAL SUBSTATION
ON THE BASIS OF
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
OUTDOOR SUBSTATION
INDOOR SUBSTATION
UNDERGROUND SUBSTATION
POLE MOUNTED SUBSTATION

9. BRIEF DESCRIPTION
TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION:
Those substations which change the voltage
level are called transformer substation.

10. SWITCHING SUBSTATION:
These type of substations simply perform the
switching operation of power lines.

11. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
SUBSTATION:
 Those sub-stations which
Improve the power factor
Of the system are called
Power factor correction
Substation.
 These are
Generally located at the
Receiving end of transmission
lines.
 They generally use synchronous
condensors as power factor
improvement equipment

13. CONVERTING SUBSTATION:
• Use to convert ac power into dc power by
using static converting devices like SCRs.
• Used for traction, electroplating and welding.

14. OUTDOOR SUB-STATION:
 We prefer this type of substation when voltage is
above 66kv , because for such voltage the clearance
between conductor and the space required for
switches,C.B., and other equipement becomes so great
that it is not economical to install the equipment
indoor.

16. INDOOR SUB-STATION:
 Generally we use indoor type of sub-staion for voltages
upto 11kv but this range can be increased upto 66kv if
atmosphere is contaminated with impurities.

17. UNDER GROUND SUB-STATION:
This type of sub-station is prefered in highly
populated areas, where the space available is
limited and costly too.

18. POLE MOUNTED SUB-STATION:
This is an outdoor sub-station with equipment
installed overhead on H-pole or 4-pole structure
Used for voltages upto 11kv (33kv in some cases) .

23. RELAYS
• A relay is automatic device which senses an
abnormal condition of electrical circuit and
closes its contacts. These contacts in turns
close and complete the circuit breaker trip coil
circuit hence make the circuit breaker tripped
for disconnecting the faulty portion of the
electrical circuit from rest of the healthy
circuit.

32. GAS INSULATED
SUBSTATION

33. **GIS CLIP**
• GIS SUB-STATION

36. • A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage
substation in which the major structures are contained
in a sealed environment with sulfur hexafluoride gas as
the insulating medium. GIS technology originated in
Japan, where there was a substantial need to develop
technology to make substations as compact as
possible. The clearance required for phase to phase
and phase to ground for all equipment is much lower
than that required in an air insulated substation; the
total space required for a GIS is 10% of that needed for
a conventional substation.
•

37. • Gas insulated substations offer other advantages
in addition to the reduced space requirements.
Because the substation is enclosed in a building, a
GIS is less sensitive to pollution, as well as salt,
sand or large amounts of snow. Although the
initial cost of building a GIS is higher than building
an air insulated substation, the operation and
maintenance costs of a GIS are less.
•

38. SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

39. • Newer microprocessor-based relays and other
intelligent devices provide unprecedented
flexibility and rich functionality which, in turn,
provide low cost monitoring analysis and
diagnosis of electrical faults in the power
network.

42. Schneider Electric Substation
Automation

43. CONCLUSION:
At the end we hope that by this presentation
your understanding regarding various types of
substation , operation of a standard substation
and also about the various equipements used
in power substation would got more clear.
We got the idea about the latest
advancements going on in the field of GIS and
sub-station automation.