About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
Unit I: Introduction to Protection System:
Introduction to protection system and its elements, functions of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.
Relays:
Electromagnetic, attracted and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations of electromagnetic relay.
Unit-II: Relay Application and Characteristics:
Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relay, distance relays, differential relay.
Unit-III Protection of Transmission Line:
Over current protection, distance protection, pilot wire protection, carrier current protection, protection of bus, auto re-closing,
Unit-IV: Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc, arc extinction theories, re-striking voltage transient, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitive current interruption, short line interruption, circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification, testing station and equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.
Unit-V Apparatus Protection:
Protection of Transformer, generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes, selection of circuit breakers, constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, Air Blast, SF6, Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
Unit I: Introduction to Protection System:
Introduction to protection system and its elements, functions of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.
Relays:
Electromagnetic, attracted and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations of electromagnetic relay.
Unit-II: Relay Application and Characteristics:
Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relay, distance relays, differential relay.
Unit-III Protection of Transmission Line:
Over current protection, distance protection, pilot wire protection, carrier current protection, protection of bus, auto re-closing,
Unit-IV: Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc, arc extinction theories, re-striking voltage transient, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitive current interruption, short line interruption, circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification, testing station and equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.
Unit-V Apparatus Protection:
Protection of Transformer, generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes, selection of circuit breakers, constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, Air Blast, SF6, Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
Er.Amit Chaurasiya studies at Azad Technical Campus Lucknow.All slide make very clear and easily understood suitable for Electrical Engineering students. I hope you will easily understand.
Electrical Substations and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
This course is aimed at engineers who are already working as electrical system designers as well as those who belong to any of the fields listed below and wish to prepare themselves for moving into the role of a substation designer.
Utility engineers dealing with power transmission and distribution systems
Electrical engineers involved in power generating plants with utility scale generators
Electrical engineers in large industries who are associated with power distribution
Consulting engineers involved in design of substations
Contractors executing projects involving electrical HV substations
Electrical commissioning engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
Er.Amit Chaurasiya studies at Azad Technical Campus Lucknow.All slide make very clear and easily understood suitable for Electrical Engineering students. I hope you will easily understand.
Electrical Substations and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
This course is aimed at engineers who are already working as electrical system designers as well as those who belong to any of the fields listed below and wish to prepare themselves for moving into the role of a substation designer.
Utility engineers dealing with power transmission and distribution systems
Electrical engineers involved in power generating plants with utility scale generators
Electrical engineers in large industries who are associated with power distribution
Consulting engineers involved in design of substations
Contractors executing projects involving electrical HV substations
Electrical commissioning engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
this ppt gives u a clear idea about substations ..there are two types of substation
1) air insulated substations
2) gas insulated substations
this ppt is about air insulated substations and gas insulated substations
Training from 220kv GSS Sanganer, which is located on Muhana Road, JaipurR-One Power
The technology all about GSS System and their operating system.
In the presentation all about the GSS and their instrument which has used in GSS for operation and controlling the whole system.
I hope this presentation helpfull to all those students, who had their training from Sanganer 220kv GSS.
VB Engineering provides completed range of consultancy services for all your power requirements. Electronics system design complexity coupled with market pressure has resulted in a challenging environment
It is Multimedia presentation made by Abdul Samad, An Electrical Engineer From UET Lahore Pakistan. For queries contact Abdulsamad.pisces@hotmail.com
Hope u find it useful
The tall wiring fences that surround electrical substations suggest that such places are not accessible to the public. Let it be known that substations are extremely dangerous and the safety signs will tell you that. The signs read as either “Danger”, “Caution”, “Warning”, “No Entry”, or “High Voltage Risk Ahead”. The various machineries inside the facility carry high voltage risks, and trespassers who dare to come near the place put themselves in danger.
Eaton's Andreas Miessen (Product Manager Drives and Soft Starters) on the ErP directive and its impact on switchgear; as well as how to ensure compliance with required efficiencies by using variable speed starters.
Status and Perspectives of GIS Application in BANGLADESHBayes Ahmed
This is the final presentation of the course GIS Applications in Developing Countries. This course was a part of the Erasmus Mundus Master in Geospatial Technologies offered in Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Institute for Geoinformatics (ifgi), Münster, Germany.
This presentation is from my talk Delivered to Young Engineers to have a brief overview of :
1. Substation And Its Types
2. Substation Equipment
3. Substation Grounding
4. Design Consideration
5. Bus Switching Scheme
6. Basic Insulation Level and Its importance
7. Fault level and its importance
8. Other Equipment
9. Substation IEC 61850 Protocol Basic
It will be helpful for Engineering students to have an overview from a Practical point of view. Widely publicize it for benefit of others.
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
DOWNLOAD
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
DOWNLOAD
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION ,
NOIDA
SUBMITTED BY-
AMITESH KUMAR RAI
(1309120904)
AMARESH KUMAR SINGH
(1309120903)
3. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
NEED OF SUBSTATIONS
TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EACH TYPE
OVER-VIEW OF A STANDARD SUBSTATION
BRIEF DETAILS OF EACH EQUPEMENTS
LATEST ADVANCEMENTS
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
4. INTRODUCTION
A SUBSTATION IS A PART OF AN ELECTRICAL GENERATION ,
TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION
A SUBSTATION TRANSFORM VOLTAGE FROM HIGH TO LOW, OR THE
REVERSE OR PERFORM ANY OF SEVERAL OTHER IMPORTANT
FUNCTIONS LIKE SWITCHING, CONVERTING etc
5. HISTORY
ELECTRICITY GENERATION is the process of
generating electric power from other sources
of primary energy.
The fundamentals behind Electricity Generation
were discovered around 1830s by Michael
Faraday.
During those days we use to utilise the generated
at the same place where it is generated
But by the time the demand of power increases even from
those areas where generation is not possible.
6. By the time we tried to implement the
concept of transmitting power from one place
to another place.
In the starting we have to transmit the power
to a very less distance, so we directly transmit
the generated power at the generated voltage
itself.
7. NEED OF SUBSTATION
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATION
TO SATISFY LOAD GROWTH
TO ACC0MMODATE NEW GENERATION
TO MAINTAIN RELAIBILITY REQUIREMENT
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
TO STEP UP AND STEP DOWN AC VOLTAGE LEVEL
TO BREAK THE POWER FLOW
PROVIDE SUPPORT TO THE POWER FLOW
8. TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
ON THE BASIS OF SERVICE
REQUIREMENT
TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION
SWITCHING SUBSTATION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
SUBSTATION
FREQUENCY CHANGER SUBSTATION
CONVERTING SUBSTATION
INDUSTRIAL SUBSTATION
ON THE BASIS OF
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
OUTDOOR SUBSTATION
INDOOR SUBSTATION
UNDERGROUND SUBSTATION
POLE MOUNTED SUBSTATION
11. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
SUBSTATION:
Those sub-stations which
Improve the power factor
Of the system are called
Power factor correction
Substation.
These are
Generally located at the
Receiving end of transmission
lines.
They generally use synchronous
condensors as power factor
improvement equipment
12.
13. CONVERTING SUBSTATION:
• Use to convert ac power into dc power by
using static converting devices like SCRs.
• Used for traction, electroplating and welding.
14. OUTDOOR SUB-STATION:
We prefer this type of substation when voltage is
above 66kv , because for such voltage the clearance
between conductor and the space required for
switches,C.B., and other equipement becomes so great
that it is not economical to install the equipment
indoor.
15.
16. INDOOR SUB-STATION:
Generally we use indoor type of sub-staion for voltages
upto 11kv but this range can be increased upto 66kv if
atmosphere is contaminated with impurities.
17. UNDER GROUND SUB-STATION:
This type of sub-station is prefered in highly
populated areas, where the space available is
limited and costly too.
18. POLE MOUNTED SUB-STATION:
This is an outdoor sub-station with equipment
installed overhead on H-pole or 4-pole structure
Used for voltages upto 11kv (33kv in some cases) .
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. RELAYS
• A relay is automatic device which senses an
abnormal condition of electrical circuit and
closes its contacts. These contacts in turns
close and complete the circuit breaker trip coil
circuit hence make the circuit breaker tripped
for disconnecting the faulty portion of the
electrical circuit from rest of the healthy
circuit.
36. • A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage
substation in which the major structures are contained
in a sealed environment with sulfur hexafluoride gas as
the insulating medium. GIS technology originated in
Japan, where there was a substantial need to develop
technology to make substations as compact as
possible. The clearance required for phase to phase
and phase to ground for all equipment is much lower
than that required in an air insulated substation; the
total space required for a GIS is 10% of that needed for
a conventional substation.
•
37. • Gas insulated substations offer other advantages
in addition to the reduced space requirements.
Because the substation is enclosed in a building, a
GIS is less sensitive to pollution, as well as salt,
sand or large amounts of snow. Although the
initial cost of building a GIS is higher than building
an air insulated substation, the operation and
maintenance costs of a GIS are less.
•
39. • Newer microprocessor-based relays and other
intelligent devices provide unprecedented
flexibility and rich functionality which, in turn,
provide low cost monitoring analysis and
diagnosis of electrical faults in the power
network.
43. CONCLUSION:
At the end we hope that by this presentation
your understanding regarding various types of
substation , operation of a standard substation
and also about the various equipements used
in power substation would got more clear.
We got the idea about the latest
advancements going on in the field of GIS and
sub-station automation.