The document summarizes a seminar presentation on gas insulated substations (GIS). It defines GIS as substations that use sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) as an insulating medium to allow for a compact design. The document outlines the key internal equipment of GIS, including circuit breakers, disconnectors, buses, transformers, and more. It discusses the advantages of GIS such as reduced space requirements and reliability. GIS are well-suited for applications requiring a small footprint, such as urban or indoor installations.
As the AIS (Air-Insulated Substation) is having more limitations, More and more people are going for the Gas-Insulated Substation which is environment friendly as well.
In these presentation, We discussed about theoritical and technological advancement and advantages related to GIS as compared to other substations.
We discussed different parts of the GIS as well as their operations and advantages.
By going through this presentation, you will have idea regarding comparative advantages and disadvantages of both substations.
As the AIS (Air-Insulated Substation) is having more limitations, More and more people are going for the Gas-Insulated Substation which is environment friendly as well.
In these presentation, We discussed about theoritical and technological advancement and advantages related to GIS as compared to other substations.
We discussed different parts of the GIS as well as their operations and advantages.
By going through this presentation, you will have idea regarding comparative advantages and disadvantages of both substations.
GIS – Necessary for Extra HV & Ultra HV
Some important areas to be studied include:
More conservative design.
Improved gas handling.
Decomposition product management techniques.
Achieving & maintaining high levels of availability require – more integrated approach to quality control by both users and manufactures.
this ppt gives u a clear idea about substations ..there are two types of substation
1) air insulated substations
2) gas insulated substations
this ppt is about air insulated substations and gas insulated substations
A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage substation in which the major structures are contained in a sealed environment with sulfur hexafluoride gas as the insulating medium. GIS technology originated in Japan, where there was a substantial need to develop technology to make substations as compact as possible. The clearance required for phase to phase and phase to ground for all equipment is much lower than that required in an air insulated substation; the total space required for a GIS is 10% of that needed for a conventional substation.
The substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high for transmission, distribution, transformation, and switching..etc
In all these systems, the power flow of electrical energy takes place through Electrical Substations. An Electrical Substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries, etc. Basically an electrical substation consists of a number of incoming circuits and outgoing circuits connected to common busbar system. Busbars are conducting bars to which a number of incoming or outgoing circuits are connected. Each circuit has certain electrical components such as circuit-breakers, isolators, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off/on during normal operation by manual/remote command and also automatically during abnormal conditions such as short-circuits. A substation receives electrical power from generating station via incoming transmission lines and delivers electrical power via the outgoing transmission lines. Substations
COVERS THE LAYOUT AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION WITH AN EYE ON EASY MAINTENANCE .The layouts were evolved by the author and his associate for use by power boards
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY , GURUKULA KANGARI UNIVERSITY ,HARIDWARashwini kumar
THIS PROJECT IS RELATED TO GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION,,IN THIS SUBSTATION SF6 GAS IS USED
ASHWINI KUMAR
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(FINAL YEAR)
ashwinikmr555@gmail.com
+919027134556
GIS – Necessary for Extra HV & Ultra HV
Some important areas to be studied include:
More conservative design.
Improved gas handling.
Decomposition product management techniques.
Achieving & maintaining high levels of availability require – more integrated approach to quality control by both users and manufactures.
this ppt gives u a clear idea about substations ..there are two types of substation
1) air insulated substations
2) gas insulated substations
this ppt is about air insulated substations and gas insulated substations
A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage substation in which the major structures are contained in a sealed environment with sulfur hexafluoride gas as the insulating medium. GIS technology originated in Japan, where there was a substantial need to develop technology to make substations as compact as possible. The clearance required for phase to phase and phase to ground for all equipment is much lower than that required in an air insulated substation; the total space required for a GIS is 10% of that needed for a conventional substation.
The substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high for transmission, distribution, transformation, and switching..etc
In all these systems, the power flow of electrical energy takes place through Electrical Substations. An Electrical Substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries, etc. Basically an electrical substation consists of a number of incoming circuits and outgoing circuits connected to common busbar system. Busbars are conducting bars to which a number of incoming or outgoing circuits are connected. Each circuit has certain electrical components such as circuit-breakers, isolators, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off/on during normal operation by manual/remote command and also automatically during abnormal conditions such as short-circuits. A substation receives electrical power from generating station via incoming transmission lines and delivers electrical power via the outgoing transmission lines. Substations
COVERS THE LAYOUT AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION WITH AN EYE ON EASY MAINTENANCE .The layouts were evolved by the author and his associate for use by power boards
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY , GURUKULA KANGARI UNIVERSITY ,HARIDWARashwini kumar
THIS PROJECT IS RELATED TO GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION,,IN THIS SUBSTATION SF6 GAS IS USED
ASHWINI KUMAR
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(FINAL YEAR)
ashwinikmr555@gmail.com
+919027134556
Operational description of 400kv switchyard NTPC Ramagundam RSTPSPradeep Avanigadda
400 KV Switchyard of Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station is the most vital switching station in the southern Grid. 2600 MW of Bulk Power generated by three 200 MW Units and four 500 MW Units of NTPC Ramagundam is evacuated for supplying to the southern states.
Switchyard consists of four 400 KV busbars fed by 7 Nos. of generators, 10 Nos. of 400 KV feeders, 3 Nos of 220 KV feeders and two nos. of 132 Kv feeders as shown in the single line diagram of 400 Kv switch yard.
In addition to the above, four nos. of Tie Transformers, five nos. of Auto transformers, two nos. of Shunt Reactors and one Bus reactor are provided.
GSM technology is used to monitor the different parameters of an ICU patient remotely and also control over medicine dosage is provided. Measurements of vital signs and behavioral patterns can be translated into accurate predictors of health risk ,even at an early stage and can be combined with alarm triggering systems in order to initiate the appropriate actions. The conventional methods including wet adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes for HR and HRV, the capnograph device for respiratory status and pulse oximetry for oxyhemoglobin saturation provide excellent signals but are expensive, troublesome and inconvenient. A method to monitor physiological information based on GSM offers a new means for health monitoring. In this paper, we review the latest developments in monitoring and discuss the challenges and future directions for this field.
Blue LED as we all know is the discovery of the century. Its applications spans most of our needs in day to day life and it is one of the greatest innovations in the history of mankind for which it was given nobel.
Massive Energy Saving Systems and Strategies at Equipment Level in the Highes...IJERA Editor
Reducing operational expenditures (OpEx) have become main concern for almost all communication service
providers in the world. Some practical ideas and techniques implemented in Grameenphone might be very
helpful for others who are fighting to survive or trying to be more profitable or going to provide new services-
3G /LTE/LTE-Aor want to contribute in climate change anywhere in the world. Some challenging techniques
and tactics are discussed here to reduce vast amount of energy consumptions from different equipment used in
the base station, access and transport network for cost reduction.
In this section, we will discuss different types of sub-station and sub-station equipment along with their functionality in brief such as.
Transformer
Circuit Switches/Breakers
Command and Control System
Isolator
Indian railway&metro rail,others electrical safety first periortyMahesh Chandra Manav
India is growing Rail Transportation Infra Connecting Maximum Possible Land Connectivity Long route and Suburban Daily Passenger Travelling with in Cities Like State Connectivity ,City Local Travelling speed 70KMP to 200KMP and Fast Bullet Trains.
These Infra is Full of Metal Jungle From Track ,Structures,Cables and Rolling Stocks.
These Track may be Ground ,Elevated ,Under Ground and Long Tunnels now introducing some route below River .
To Operate Railways Infra Traction Power ,Power for Building Infra and Various Equipment's require .
Power Demand for Railways Network from Grid ,Self Power Solar Generation ,High Energy Battery Storage Systems and Others
Water Supply for Equipment Washing ,Public Drinking and other use ,Disposal Of Waters now connected through Automation.
The Whole System Connected Power ,Signal ,Data ,Telecom ,Traffic Routes ,Safety&Building Automation Like CCTV .Fire Alarm,Access Control , Audio Visuals, Public Address ,Telecom (Exchange ,Base Station Towers ,Wireless Network Towers ,Safety , Real Time Passenger Information Moving Displays, Platform Screen Door ,Lifts and Escalators,Ticketing &Fare Collections ,Entry and Exit of Passenger Inside Station Buildings.
Electrical Safety is very important roles to performance of Equipment's Operators ,Human surrounding from Electrical Hazards.
Earthing&connectivity of all Equipment's to discharge any kind of over voltages&Surges Due to Internal&External Like Lightning follow NBC2016 /RDSO Electrical/RDSO S&T Latest Technical Documents.
We connect Power to various Equipment's&also Signal , Telecom ,Other Data Cables& Cable route from Indoor to Outdoor from Track , Control Rooms, Station Buildings &Substation via Power Transformers consider directly or indirectly these all are Interconnected and high Chances of Surge and Over-voltage enter into our System from Power Sources or via Data or Communication Ports to safe system maximum Low Voltages Signal ,Data or communication now change to Fiber Connectivity this help to protect our System from any surge from Data Port.
Railway Technical Documents is very much up to marks but in Tender BID Selection of Components, Installation the involve TEAM Compromise with Contractors after taking Favor Directly or Indirectly &these Contractor Do Fraud mental using Substandard from supply up to installation Just for 3%-5% whole project is smash&High Value Damage occur when system fail&also public inconvenience due to Train Delay ,Stop&Cancel Route.Fire Accidents
Earthing ,Lightning&Surge Protection is not a BOQ it's Design ,Engineering&Calculation ,With Selection of Components &Installation .
Plz go through Presentation to now more about us visit webpage www.linkvuesystem.com
LinkVue System is Technical Pool of Engineers Offering Design ,Engineering ,Calculation Supply with Installation Support.
Maintenance Free Earthing
Lightning Protection Systems
Surge Protection Device
Contact M-9811247237 manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Gas insulated substation.
1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION TOPIC:
GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS
SESSION:2014-2015
PRESENTED BY:
NAME:MOHAMMAD SAIF
BRANCH:ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.
1
2. Contents
Introduction of GIS
Gas Insulated Substation
Internal equipments of GIS.
Definitions of equipments.
Internal equipments of GIS.
Need of GIS
Service condition of GIS
Services offered by GIS to supplier.
Drawback of GIS.
Advantages of GIS.
Application of GIS .
Conclusion.
References
3. Introduction to GIS
GIS was first developed in various countries between 1968
and 1972.
After about 5 years of experience, the use rate increased to
about 20% of new substations in countries where space is
limited.
Conventional substations requires, small installations size,
protection against atmosphere pollution and moisture,
noiseless operation, on explosive and flame resistant,
reduced maintenance, minimal radio interference, but totally
enclosed substations using SF6 gas as insulation that are
also known as GIS which is stand for GAS INSULATED
SUBSTATIONS.
GIS is now in widespread use in the electrical power industry.
4.
5. GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS
Definition:
A gas insulated substation(GIS) is a substation that uses a
superior dielectric gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6),high voltage.
The basic principle of GIS equipment:
Is that the high-voltage current carrying parts are within a
metal enclosure and are held in a concentric configuration by
cast epoxy spacer insulators.
The space between the conductor and the enclosure is filled
with SF6 gas under moderate pressure.
6. GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS
Components:
1- Circuit breaker.
2-Disconnector(Isolator).
3-Ground switches.
4-Bus-bar.
5-Transformer.
8-Outgoing bus-bar for electrically
connecting the gas insulated substation
with bus-bar.
9-Outgoing portion of the transformer
being arranged in accordance with
extending direction of outgoing bus-bar.
10. Definition's of equipment's
BUS-BAR:
An electrical conductor that carries a large current,
especially one that is part of a power distribution
system; typically a thick strip, or a tube, of copper or
aluminum.
CIRCUIT BREAKER:
Under short circuit conditions,however,the current
may reach tens of thousands of amperes at a power
factor as low as 0.1.
It is duty of a circuit breaker to interrupt such currents
as soon as possible to avoid equipment damage.
11. CURRENT TRANSFORMER:
In the single phase enclosed core of CT is
located outside the enclosure inside for three
phase.
Gas compartment to reduce access of
moisture and to suppress gas-tight bushing for
secondary connections.
CT current rating is 120% of rated primary
current.
12. VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER:
Variable location on feeder and busbars.
Integrated disconnecting facility for GIS and
power cable testing without dismantling and
gas handling.
DISCONNECTOR:
Disconnectors or isolators are used for
electrical isolation of circuit parts.
Disconnect switches can be three pole,group-
operated,or single pole operated.
They are slow acting and operating at off load.
13. EARTHING SWITCH:
Slow operating earthing switch are used for
protection purpose.
When work is being done in the substation,
but are operated only when it is certain that
the high-voltage system is not energized.
The fast closing earthing switch can close
against full voltage and short circuit power.
The high speed earthing switch is achieved by
means of a spring-closing device.
14. CABLES COMPARTMENT:
Optimized solution for plug-in type power cable
connection.
Adjustable support structure for minimum
requirements for the GIS floor.
Fixation to the GIS floor by cemented anchor
bolts, no need for special foundation (steel
beams….etc.)
15. LOCAL CONTROL CUBICLE:
LCC is the interface cubicles to all secondary system of a substation which
are represent a station control and protection.
LCC includes control and alarm functions as well as the correct distribution
of auxiliary power supply for the relevant GIS .
In general, each cabinet should contain the following equipment for
control, indication and protection of switches, circuit breaker, and
associated components:
1. One control switch for each three phase circuit breaker.
2. One remote local switch for each three phase circuit breaker.
3. One open close control switch for each motor operated grounding switch.
4. One or two red light-emitting diodes and one green for each circuit breaker, each
disconnect and grounding switch, or contact position indication .
5. Control switches for ac and dc supply to each compartment.
16. Need for GIS
Non availability of sufficient space.
Reduction in length of feeders.
Improvement of the quality of voltage regulation due to short length feeder.
Total space required for GIS is 10% of the needed for a conventional substation.
GIS technology can be used for installations in areas where the cost of real estates
is appreciable.
Overcome or decrease the magnitude of limitation of AIS site selection.
17. Service condition of GIS
As per IEEE 122,IEEE123 and IEC 62271
Indoor or outdoor :As per customer
Elevation above sea level :As per site location
Design ambient temperature :40 degree Celsius as per IEC 62271
Maximum ambient temperature : 105 degree Celsius as per IEC 62271
Maximum Allowable Total Temperature in Celsius
Internal contacts/joints silver plated and 105
conductor in compact with epoxy insulator.
External surface-accessible . 70
External surface-inaccessible. 110
External surface-normally handled by 50
an operator.
18. Service offered by GIS user and GIS
supplier
Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon,the user should receive,install,and
field test the apparatus specified herein,installation and field testing of the
GIS should be completed under the supervision of the supplier to ensure
correct installation.Unless otherwise specified,the following equipment and
services should also be furnished by the user:
Concrete foundation.
Power transformer or reactor including bushings.
Surge arrester,outsidee the GIS
The station ground grid,below ground,and vertical connection risers of
adequate length.
Ac and dc auxilary power to furnished equipment.
19. Drawbacks of GIS substation
High cost.
Waves get reflected and refracted.
Excessive damage incase of internal faults.
Diagnosis of internal takes very long time.
SF6 gas pressure must be monitered in each compartment.
SF6 cause ozone layer depletion and global warming.
20. Advantages of GIS
Occupies very less space.
Most reliable.
Number of outages due to the fault is less.
Maintenance free.
21. Applications of GIS
High voltage installations
The higher the voltage, the more favorable gas insulated technology becomes. The
footprint of 765kV conventional substation is enormous, and GIS technology allows a
significant size reduction.
Urban Installations
GIS technology can be used for installations in areas where the cost of real estate or aesthetic
appeal is a significant consideration.
Indoor Installations
Building an air insulated substation indoors is usually impractical, but a GIS can easily go inside
buildings.
Environmentally Sensitive Installations
GIS technology is popular in desert and arctic areas because it can be enclosed in a building with
environmental control.
22. Conclusion
GIS generate no noise and have no idea no
radio interference.
GIS is necessary for extra HV and Ultra HV
substations.
More conservative.