Subatomic particles are particles smaller than atoms that exist within atoms. There are two main types: elementary particles like electrons that cannot be broken down further, and composite particles like protons and neutrons made of elementary particles. The main categories of elementary particles are quarks, leptons like electrons, and bosons that act as force carriers. Quarks combine to form hadrons like protons and neutrons. Leptons include electrons and are not subject to strong interactions. Bosons include the Higgs boson and gauge bosons like photons and gluons. Subatomic particles are significant as they are produced in cosmic rays and particle accelerators and help study chemistry, enable technologies like PET scans, and may allow advanced communications if controlled.

1. Topic: Sub Atomic Particles: Overview, Types & Significance
Submitted By:
Name: D.Sairam ( 1st Sem IBT)
Teacher: Dr. Vineet Sharma
Course Code: BSBT-102 ( Chemistry for
Biologists)
Assignment Code: U2P1
Source: www.britannia.com/images

2. Overview
• Introduction
• Types of Sub-Atomic Particles
• Quarks
• Leptons
• Bosons
• Significance

3. Introduction
• Subatomic particles are particles that are smaller than
atoms. They are present within an atom and cannot be
seen by our naked eyes.
• They have their own distinct characters and are
mainly of two types of Elementary Particles and
Composite Particles.
• Protons and neutrons are Composite Particles while
Electron is an Elementary Particle.

4. Source: Google Images/sub_atomic particles

5.  Elementary
Particles
 Colour
Confinement
Hadrons
Types
QUARKS
Source: Google Images/Quarks

6. Quarks can be observed
in Hadrons such as
Baryons i.e. in particles
such as Protons and
Neutrons.
Murray Gell-Mann (Right) and
George Zweig
Source: a) Google Images
b) www.sciencedaily.com/Quarks

7.  Elementary
Types
Electron
Generations
Not subjected
to strong
Interactions like
Quarks
Leptons
Sources:
www.google.com/images

8. This is Positronium ,a system that combines Electron with it’s anti particle
Positron. It ( system) is highly unstable as the duo react to give two 2 Gamma
particles. It's lifespan is around 125 picoseconds.
Source:
www.wikipedia.org/positro
nium

9.  Either Elementary or
Composite
Types of Elementary
Bosons
a) Scalar or Zero Spin –
Higgs Boson
b) Gauge or Force-
Gluon, Photon and W
and Z Boson.
 Composite: Meson
 Graviton ( Hypothetical
so far)
Bosons
Source: www.google.com/images

10. Source: www.google.com/images

11. Significance of Sub Atomic Particles
• They are produced in cosmic rays and during scattering
processes in particle accelerators.
• Electron, arguably the most important Sub-Atomic Particle
helps in studying and identifying Chemical Properties of
Elements.
• Proton Therapy is a type of treatment that can be used to treat
Cancers.
• Elimination or Turning off the Higgs Field can result in rapid
Communications and Transmission of Signals.
• Positron is used in PET scan that treat many ailments and
maladies.
• Most of the Gauge Bosons are used in Super fluidity.

12. References
 http://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/the-known-
apparently-elementary-particles/tau-leptons/
 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0375947481903043
 http://www.scienceclarified.com/sp-th/subatomic-particles.html
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/atomic_structu
re/atomic_structurerev2.shtml
 http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Atomic_Theory/The_Ato
m/Sub-Atomic_Particles
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particle
 http://search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?hspart=ddc&hsimp=yhs-ddc_
bd&p=composite%20bosons&type=999_sca0__alt__ddc_dss_bd_com
 http://www.britannica.com/gallery/browse
 http://www.azonano.com/news.aspx?newsid=12677