This document provides guidelines for writing a review article, including the typical elements and structure. It discusses the purpose and audience of review articles and describes the most common types. The guidelines explain each section of a review article in detail, from the title to the references. Examples of high-quality review articles are also provided from plant science journals to illustrate best practices. The 18-step process for preparing a thorough review article is outlined.
This document provides guidelines for writing a review article, including the typical elements and structure. It discusses the purpose and audience of review articles and describes the most common types. The guidelines explain each section of a review article in detail, from the title to the references. Examples of high-quality review articles are also provided from plant science journals to illustrate best practices. The 18-step process for preparing a thorough review article is outlined as well.
This document provides guidance on how to write a review article. It discusses the types of publications, benefits of publishing, and why review articles are popular. A review article provides an extensive critical analysis and synthesis of previous literature on a topic. The document outlines the components of a review article, including the title, abstract, introduction, body, conclusions and references. It also provides 18 steps for preparing a review article, from narrowing the topic to revising drafts. Sources for finding relevant literature are academic libraries and databases. The key aspects are to critically evaluate past literature, identify gaps, and provide a novel perspective to stimulate further research.
Learn how to write a review of literature.Rakib Hossain
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review by outlining its typical sections and content. It explains that a literature review analyzes and summarizes prior research on a topic to provide context. The introduction should define the topic and identify trends, conflicts or gaps in previous work. The body groups and summarizes studies according to common factors and provides analysis. The conclusion summarizes major contributions, evaluates the current state of knowledge, and discusses relationships to broader areas of study.
This document provides guidelines for writing an article review assignment. Students are asked to write a 3 to 4 page review concisely discussing the key aspects of an assigned research article and important questions it raises. The goal is to examine the article's complexities, not judge its quality. Students should refer to guidelines on evaluating articles and tips for writing a critical review. The review should follow academic writing conventions, be clear, accurate and error-free.
This document provides guidance on writing a review article. It defines a review article as a critical analysis of existing literature that does not present new experimental data. The key functions of a review article are to organize, evaluate, identify trends in, synthesize, and identify gaps in existing literature. Review articles are intended for experts, students, and decision-makers. There are different types of reviews, including narrative reviews, best evidence reviews, and systematic reviews. Review articles can vary significantly in length from 8,000-40,000 words. The elements that should be included are a title, author list, abstract, introduction, body, conclusions, and references. An 18-step process is outlined for preparing a review article.
This document provides guidance on how to write a review article. It explains that a review article summarizes scholarly research on a topic and evaluates other works. Reviews organize, evaluate, and identify trends in literature, as well as research gaps. A review article follows a standard format including a title, list of authors, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and references. The body organizes and compares studies on the topic. Writing a review article involves narrowing the topic, researching literature, outlining the structure, drafting sections, revising, and editing.
This document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as the systematic identification and analysis of previous works related to the research problem. The objectives of a literature review are to familiarize the researcher with previous studies on the topic, avoid duplicating others' work, and provide a framework to contribute new knowledge. Effective literature reviews critically analyze and synthesize past studies to identify trends, disagreements, and areas needing more research. Researchers must be careful to avoid common pitfalls like an overly broad or hurried review.
The document provides guidance on writing a review article, including outlining the structure with sections for an abstract, introduction, claim, reason, evidence, and discussion. It also discusses getting feedback from a second reader, the revision process, and recommended readings. The goal of a review article is to define and clarify the problem, summarize previous research, and identify relationships and gaps to suggest next steps in solving the problem.
This document provides guidelines for writing a review article, including the typical elements and structure. It discusses the purpose and audience of review articles and describes the most common types. The guidelines explain each section of a review article in detail, from the title to the references. Examples of high-quality review articles are also provided from plant science journals to illustrate best practices. The 18-step process for preparing a thorough review article is outlined as well.
This document provides guidance on how to write a review article. It discusses the types of publications, benefits of publishing, and why review articles are popular. A review article provides an extensive critical analysis and synthesis of previous literature on a topic. The document outlines the components of a review article, including the title, abstract, introduction, body, conclusions and references. It also provides 18 steps for preparing a review article, from narrowing the topic to revising drafts. Sources for finding relevant literature are academic libraries and databases. The key aspects are to critically evaluate past literature, identify gaps, and provide a novel perspective to stimulate further research.
Learn how to write a review of literature.Rakib Hossain
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review by outlining its typical sections and content. It explains that a literature review analyzes and summarizes prior research on a topic to provide context. The introduction should define the topic and identify trends, conflicts or gaps in previous work. The body groups and summarizes studies according to common factors and provides analysis. The conclusion summarizes major contributions, evaluates the current state of knowledge, and discusses relationships to broader areas of study.
This document provides guidelines for writing an article review assignment. Students are asked to write a 3 to 4 page review concisely discussing the key aspects of an assigned research article and important questions it raises. The goal is to examine the article's complexities, not judge its quality. Students should refer to guidelines on evaluating articles and tips for writing a critical review. The review should follow academic writing conventions, be clear, accurate and error-free.
This document provides guidance on writing a review article. It defines a review article as a critical analysis of existing literature that does not present new experimental data. The key functions of a review article are to organize, evaluate, identify trends in, synthesize, and identify gaps in existing literature. Review articles are intended for experts, students, and decision-makers. There are different types of reviews, including narrative reviews, best evidence reviews, and systematic reviews. Review articles can vary significantly in length from 8,000-40,000 words. The elements that should be included are a title, author list, abstract, introduction, body, conclusions, and references. An 18-step process is outlined for preparing a review article.
This document provides guidance on how to write a review article. It explains that a review article summarizes scholarly research on a topic and evaluates other works. Reviews organize, evaluate, and identify trends in literature, as well as research gaps. A review article follows a standard format including a title, list of authors, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and references. The body organizes and compares studies on the topic. Writing a review article involves narrowing the topic, researching literature, outlining the structure, drafting sections, revising, and editing.
This document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as the systematic identification and analysis of previous works related to the research problem. The objectives of a literature review are to familiarize the researcher with previous studies on the topic, avoid duplicating others' work, and provide a framework to contribute new knowledge. Effective literature reviews critically analyze and synthesize past studies to identify trends, disagreements, and areas needing more research. Researchers must be careful to avoid common pitfalls like an overly broad or hurried review.
The document provides guidance on writing a review article, including outlining the structure with sections for an abstract, introduction, claim, reason, evidence, and discussion. It also discusses getting feedback from a second reader, the revision process, and recommended readings. The goal of a review article is to define and clarify the problem, summarize previous research, and identify relationships and gaps to suggest next steps in solving the problem.
Get help for Ashford University EDU 671 complete course. We provide assignment, homework, discussions, quiz and case studies help for all subject Ashford University for Session 2015-2016.
How to write a dissertation literature review chapterThe Free School
This document provides advice for writing a literature review chapter of a dissertation. It outlines 14 key points, including being critical of the literature, organizing the chapter around themes rather than individual works, writing the chapter in a cumulative manner, engaging with both classic and contemporary sources, and relating all discussions back to the research aims. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like focusing on peer-reviewed sources, justifying selections and exclusions, and advancing the existing literature. The overall message is that the literature review must offer a critical analysis of relevant works and explicitly demonstrate how the research contributes to existing knowledge.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including:
1) The purpose is to analyze, summarize, and critically evaluate prior research and literature in a field to identify what is known, evaluate strengths and limitations, and recognize gaps in knowledge.
2) It is important to justify the research objective and methods by demonstrating what gap in knowledge the research will address.
3) When writing the literature review, introduce the topic, analyze and group studies, and conclude by summarizing contributions to the field and identifying areas for future research.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature survey or review. It discusses defining literature and the objectives of a literature survey, which include gaining an understanding of the fundamentals and state-of-the-art in an area and discovering research topics based on existing research. The document outlines the main elements of a literature survey, including reviewing previous research, identifying gaps, and justifying how the present research will address gaps. It also provides tips on writing the literature survey, such as summarizing key findings and conclusions of sources. Finally, it discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search, including refining topics and choosing appropriate databases.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, outlining the purpose, process, structure and key elements including understanding previous research in the area, identifying gaps, and situating one's own research within the existing literature. It discusses starting with general background reading and note-taking before engaging in a more focused critical analysis and evaluation of sources directly related to the research topic. The literature review is meant to justify and provide context for the researcher's proposed study.
This presentation gives an insight of what is a review paper,
Purpose & Objective, functions of Review Articles, Difference between Research and Review Articles, Types of Review Articles
Key points to write Review Article, Writing a Scientific Literature Review, Parts of review paper, elements of a review paper, how to write different sections of a review article
This document provides guidance on writing an unsolicited review article. It defines a review article as a critical analysis of previously published literature that does not present new experimental data from the author. Review articles organize, evaluate, and synthesize existing literature to identify patterns, gaps, and suggest new areas of research. When writing an unsolicited review, authors should simplify their topic, maintain a clear writing flow, demonstrate their contribution through tables, figures or discussion, avoid vague statements, stay focused on their central theme, and conclude by summarizing the literature, significance of findings, implications, and limitations. Following these tips can help maximize the chances of an unsolicited review advancing to peer review.
Review of related literature presentation Hotaru Imai
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines what a literature review is, which is a critical analysis and synthesis of previous research on a topic. The purposes of a literature review are to define the problem, place the study in context, avoid duplication, evaluate methods, and relate findings to previous work. The document outlines the steps to write a literature review, including reviewing APA style guidelines, identifying relevant literature, analyzing and summarizing sources, and synthesizing the information into a coherent essay. It provides tips for writing such as using an objective voice, concise writing, and properly citing sources.
A literature review is a critical summary of all the published works on a particular topic. Most research papers include a section on literature review as part of the introduction. However, a literature review can also be published as a standalone article. These slides will help you grasp the basics of writing a literature review.
This document provides guidance for writing a literature review. It defines what a literature review is and its main purposes. The document outlines an 8 step process for conducting a literature review: 1) reviewing APA guidelines, 2) selecting a topic, 3) identifying relevant literature, 4) analyzing the literature, 5) summarizing the literature in a table or concept map, 6) synthesizing the findings, 7) writing the review, and 8) developing a coherent essay. Key recommendations include critically analyzing studies rather than just summarizing them, and organizing the review in a way that builds an argument and evaluates relationships among studies.
Standard format of Research article ( how to write research article )Ali Shah
This document outlines the standard format for research articles and provides guidance for evaluating each section. It discusses that research articles typically include an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references sections. The introduction section establishes the background, purpose, and hypotheses. The methods section describes the participants, materials, and procedures. The results section summarizes the statistical analyses. The discussion section interprets the results and identifies limitations. It also provides criteria for evaluating each component, such as assessing the literature review, research questions, methodology, results, and conclusions.
This document outlines the key components of conducting a literature review. It discusses defining a literature review and its purpose, issues to consider, and how it relates to other research components. The document also provides guidance on organizing a literature review, including locating relevant literature, critically reading sources, preparing to write, writing an introduction and sub-sections, and indicating gaps. Steps and strategies are provided for each part of the writing process, such as identifying key terms, authors, and journals; avoiding plagiarism; and using the review to lead into research questions.
This document provides guidance on how to write an effective article review in 3 steps: 1) Analyze the article by summarizing its main points, arguments, and conclusions while relating it to other theories. 2) Prepare an outline that includes an abstract, body paragraphs analyzing the key elements of the article, and a conclusion. 3) Structure the written review with standard sections like a title page, introduction, body, and references cited page and ensure the major points are highlighted, evidence is used to support the analysis, and the work is proofread before submitting.
The document provides guidance on conducting literature reviews. It discusses that the goals of a literature review are to understand the issues being examined, inform the research questions and methodology, and relate the present study to previous work. It also notes literature reviews should highlight gaps in existing research. The document offers tips for searching literature sources, developing an annotated bibliography, reorganizing summaries by theme, combining paragraphs, and reviewing the review. It stresses the importance of focusing on one's own study rather than becoming overwhelmed by the literature.
Writing research thesis literature reviewMuhammad Riaz
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It defines what a literature review is and discusses the main purposes, which include defining and limiting the research problem, placing the study in historical context, avoiding unnecessary replication, selecting research methods, and relating findings to previous knowledge. The document also covers searching for literature, evaluating sources for relevance and reliability, reading critically, analyzing and synthesizing findings, and writing and presenting the literature review. Key topics include using Boolean operators and other search techniques, assessing sources based on attributes like authority and currency, and employing active reading strategies such as previewing, writing notes, and summarizing.
A Guideline on How to Write and Publish a Review Paper by prof. dr. saidur ra...Syamsul Nor Azlan Mohamad
This document provides guidance on writing and publishing a review paper. It discusses why review papers are important, how to structure a review paper, potential challenges, and where to submit papers for publication. Key points covered include outlining the purpose and value of review papers, describing the typical sections of a review paper such as the introduction, literature review, and conclusions, and noting high impact journals as targets for publication.
The document provides guidance on writing review articles, including who needs them, who should write them, and the key elements to include. Review articles are needed by journal editors to increase impact factors and attract readers, as well as researchers who use them to keep up with developments. The main elements that should be included are a title, abstract, introduction, body discussing previous studies on the topic, conclusions, and references.
This document provides information about publishing research in journals. It discusses the reasons for writing research articles, such as sharing data and knowledge. It describes the different types of articles, including full articles, letters, and reviews. The document outlines the structure of research articles, including sections like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It provides recommendations for writing style and formatting academic texts in English. Finally, it covers topics like choosing a journal to submit to, the evaluation and review process, impact factors, and ethical guidelines.
This document provides an overview of key aspects of selecting a research approach, including the three main approaches (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods), their components (worldviews, designs, methods), and criteria for selection. It discusses the philosophical worldviews that guide research approaches, examples of quantitative and qualitative research designs, and factors to consider when choosing an approach, such as the research problem, questions, personal experiences, audience, and resources.
Get help for Ashford University EDU 671 complete course. We provide assignment, homework, discussions, quiz and case studies help for all subject Ashford University for Session 2015-2016.
How to write a dissertation literature review chapterThe Free School
This document provides advice for writing a literature review chapter of a dissertation. It outlines 14 key points, including being critical of the literature, organizing the chapter around themes rather than individual works, writing the chapter in a cumulative manner, engaging with both classic and contemporary sources, and relating all discussions back to the research aims. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like focusing on peer-reviewed sources, justifying selections and exclusions, and advancing the existing literature. The overall message is that the literature review must offer a critical analysis of relevant works and explicitly demonstrate how the research contributes to existing knowledge.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including:
1) The purpose is to analyze, summarize, and critically evaluate prior research and literature in a field to identify what is known, evaluate strengths and limitations, and recognize gaps in knowledge.
2) It is important to justify the research objective and methods by demonstrating what gap in knowledge the research will address.
3) When writing the literature review, introduce the topic, analyze and group studies, and conclude by summarizing contributions to the field and identifying areas for future research.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature survey or review. It discusses defining literature and the objectives of a literature survey, which include gaining an understanding of the fundamentals and state-of-the-art in an area and discovering research topics based on existing research. The document outlines the main elements of a literature survey, including reviewing previous research, identifying gaps, and justifying how the present research will address gaps. It also provides tips on writing the literature survey, such as summarizing key findings and conclusions of sources. Finally, it discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search, including refining topics and choosing appropriate databases.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, outlining the purpose, process, structure and key elements including understanding previous research in the area, identifying gaps, and situating one's own research within the existing literature. It discusses starting with general background reading and note-taking before engaging in a more focused critical analysis and evaluation of sources directly related to the research topic. The literature review is meant to justify and provide context for the researcher's proposed study.
This presentation gives an insight of what is a review paper,
Purpose & Objective, functions of Review Articles, Difference between Research and Review Articles, Types of Review Articles
Key points to write Review Article, Writing a Scientific Literature Review, Parts of review paper, elements of a review paper, how to write different sections of a review article
This document provides guidance on writing an unsolicited review article. It defines a review article as a critical analysis of previously published literature that does not present new experimental data from the author. Review articles organize, evaluate, and synthesize existing literature to identify patterns, gaps, and suggest new areas of research. When writing an unsolicited review, authors should simplify their topic, maintain a clear writing flow, demonstrate their contribution through tables, figures or discussion, avoid vague statements, stay focused on their central theme, and conclude by summarizing the literature, significance of findings, implications, and limitations. Following these tips can help maximize the chances of an unsolicited review advancing to peer review.
Review of related literature presentation Hotaru Imai
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines what a literature review is, which is a critical analysis and synthesis of previous research on a topic. The purposes of a literature review are to define the problem, place the study in context, avoid duplication, evaluate methods, and relate findings to previous work. The document outlines the steps to write a literature review, including reviewing APA style guidelines, identifying relevant literature, analyzing and summarizing sources, and synthesizing the information into a coherent essay. It provides tips for writing such as using an objective voice, concise writing, and properly citing sources.
A literature review is a critical summary of all the published works on a particular topic. Most research papers include a section on literature review as part of the introduction. However, a literature review can also be published as a standalone article. These slides will help you grasp the basics of writing a literature review.
This document provides guidance for writing a literature review. It defines what a literature review is and its main purposes. The document outlines an 8 step process for conducting a literature review: 1) reviewing APA guidelines, 2) selecting a topic, 3) identifying relevant literature, 4) analyzing the literature, 5) summarizing the literature in a table or concept map, 6) synthesizing the findings, 7) writing the review, and 8) developing a coherent essay. Key recommendations include critically analyzing studies rather than just summarizing them, and organizing the review in a way that builds an argument and evaluates relationships among studies.
Standard format of Research article ( how to write research article )Ali Shah
This document outlines the standard format for research articles and provides guidance for evaluating each section. It discusses that research articles typically include an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references sections. The introduction section establishes the background, purpose, and hypotheses. The methods section describes the participants, materials, and procedures. The results section summarizes the statistical analyses. The discussion section interprets the results and identifies limitations. It also provides criteria for evaluating each component, such as assessing the literature review, research questions, methodology, results, and conclusions.
This document outlines the key components of conducting a literature review. It discusses defining a literature review and its purpose, issues to consider, and how it relates to other research components. The document also provides guidance on organizing a literature review, including locating relevant literature, critically reading sources, preparing to write, writing an introduction and sub-sections, and indicating gaps. Steps and strategies are provided for each part of the writing process, such as identifying key terms, authors, and journals; avoiding plagiarism; and using the review to lead into research questions.
This document provides guidance on how to write an effective article review in 3 steps: 1) Analyze the article by summarizing its main points, arguments, and conclusions while relating it to other theories. 2) Prepare an outline that includes an abstract, body paragraphs analyzing the key elements of the article, and a conclusion. 3) Structure the written review with standard sections like a title page, introduction, body, and references cited page and ensure the major points are highlighted, evidence is used to support the analysis, and the work is proofread before submitting.
The document provides guidance on conducting literature reviews. It discusses that the goals of a literature review are to understand the issues being examined, inform the research questions and methodology, and relate the present study to previous work. It also notes literature reviews should highlight gaps in existing research. The document offers tips for searching literature sources, developing an annotated bibliography, reorganizing summaries by theme, combining paragraphs, and reviewing the review. It stresses the importance of focusing on one's own study rather than becoming overwhelmed by the literature.
Writing research thesis literature reviewMuhammad Riaz
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It defines what a literature review is and discusses the main purposes, which include defining and limiting the research problem, placing the study in historical context, avoiding unnecessary replication, selecting research methods, and relating findings to previous knowledge. The document also covers searching for literature, evaluating sources for relevance and reliability, reading critically, analyzing and synthesizing findings, and writing and presenting the literature review. Key topics include using Boolean operators and other search techniques, assessing sources based on attributes like authority and currency, and employing active reading strategies such as previewing, writing notes, and summarizing.
A Guideline on How to Write and Publish a Review Paper by prof. dr. saidur ra...Syamsul Nor Azlan Mohamad
This document provides guidance on writing and publishing a review paper. It discusses why review papers are important, how to structure a review paper, potential challenges, and where to submit papers for publication. Key points covered include outlining the purpose and value of review papers, describing the typical sections of a review paper such as the introduction, literature review, and conclusions, and noting high impact journals as targets for publication.
The document provides guidance on writing review articles, including who needs them, who should write them, and the key elements to include. Review articles are needed by journal editors to increase impact factors and attract readers, as well as researchers who use them to keep up with developments. The main elements that should be included are a title, abstract, introduction, body discussing previous studies on the topic, conclusions, and references.
This document provides information about publishing research in journals. It discusses the reasons for writing research articles, such as sharing data and knowledge. It describes the different types of articles, including full articles, letters, and reviews. The document outlines the structure of research articles, including sections like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It provides recommendations for writing style and formatting academic texts in English. Finally, it covers topics like choosing a journal to submit to, the evaluation and review process, impact factors, and ethical guidelines.
This document provides an overview of key aspects of selecting a research approach, including the three main approaches (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods), their components (worldviews, designs, methods), and criteria for selection. It discusses the philosophical worldviews that guide research approaches, examples of quantitative and qualitative research designs, and factors to consider when choosing an approach, such as the research problem, questions, personal experiences, audience, and resources.
The document summarizes the key steps in writing a literature review:
1. The introduction gives a quick overview of the topic and organizational structure.
2. The body contains a discussion of sources, organized chronologically, thematically, or by methodology. It analyzes and synthesizes previous research on the topic.
3. The conclusions discuss what has been learned from reviewing the literature and identifies potential gaps for future research. The overall purpose is to critically evaluate previous research and establish a foundation and need for the current study.
The document discusses the structure and process of conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as a critical analysis and summary of previous research on a particular topic. The key parts of a literature review include an introduction outlining the topic and scope, a body section discussing and analyzing sources, and a conclusion. Effective reviews establish trends in research, assess strengths and weaknesses, and identify gaps. The steps outlined are planning, reading, analyzing, drafting and revising. Sources are organized thematically, chronologically or methodologically. The document also describes different types of literature reviews and sources to consider.
The document provides information on writing and publishing research articles in academic journals. It discusses the reasons for writing articles, such as sharing research information and measuring scientific performance. It describes the typical structures of research articles, including sections for the title, authors, abstract, keywords, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusions. The document offers recommendations for style, formatting, and submitting articles for peer review and potential publication. Key points include choosing the right journal, writing in clear English, and avoiding plagiarism or ethical issues.
The document provides an outline for writing a research proposal or thesis. It discusses selecting a topic and research approach, conducting a literature review, using theory, and writing strategies. For the research approach, it explains quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. It emphasizes developing a literature review matrix and critically evaluating sources. For theory, it discusses using theory deductively in quantitative research and inductively in qualitative research. Finally, it provides examples of proposal formats and sections for quantitative and qualitative research, such as the introduction, methods, significance and ethical issues.
Introduction to research and its different aspectsbarsharoy19
This slide introduces the basic aspects of a research paper. It gives a brief description on impact factor, citation index and different categories of research paper
1
RSCH 600 Research Proposal writing
RESEARCH PROPOSAL - PART 1: INTRODUCTION, REVIEW OF LITERATURE, PROBLEM STATEMENT,
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Due at the end of week 7 (Sunday February 28, 2021 at midnight)
You need to conduct some research related to your own interests or to serve the interests of some organization
(employer/client/sponsor). Before you start writing a formal proposal, you (or your employer/client/sponsor) would like to
gather some information about the problem as well as understand its importance.
Choose your research topic thoughtfully and submit the topic of your research proposal for approval the latest by the end of
Week 3 (Sunday January 31, 2021 at midnight). You can find the submission box in Week 3.
This part of your research proposal should be roughly 7-9 pages (excluding cover page, references and annex) and written
in paragraphs, report format. All citations and references for this course are to be done in the APA style.
HERE ARE THE KEY PARTS OF THIS PART OF THE PROPOSAL (PART 1):
Title of your research
Make it intriguing – (BUT LESS THAN 120 CHARACTERS)
Introduction/Background
Provide a brief description of what the proposed research topic is about, why is it important and how you came to be
interested in it.
Literature Review
The purpose of this assignment is to develop skills in finding and analyzing valid literary resources for your research.
The review should be written in an integral / synthetic style, and NOT as an annotated bibliography.
Please note: Use in-text citations to reference all ideas, concepts, text, and data that are not your own. If you make a
statement, back it up with a reference!
• Research a minimum of 15 relevant business-related literature sources (focus on material available in digital
format only for this course). Carefully choose your 15 "keepers" that are clearly related to your study. (Note: you
might need to find 30 to “keep” only 15).
• Identify major common themes encountered in the selected literature sources. For each theme, create its own
subsection within the literature review.
• For each theme / subsection of the literature review, explain the opinions of the authors and show their
similarities, differences, methods of acquisition of data, methods of data analysis and other pertinent information.
State how the reviewed research results relate to your proposed study.
• Identify the gaps in the literature and explain what needs to be done to move forward in your research.
Statement of the Problem
Detail the problem that you are considering. Explain:
• How are you defining and delimiting the specific area of the research?
• What is the gap that will be addressed by this research?
• What it is that you hope to learn by conducting this research?
• Discuss the anticipated outcomes and benefits to the researcher, the organization, or society.
Research Questions
Provide focused ...
1 RSCH 600 Research Proposal writing RESEAAbbyWhyte974
1
RSCH 600 Research Proposal writing
RESEARCH PROPOSAL - PART 1: INTRODUCTION, REVIEW OF LITERATURE, PROBLEM STATEMENT,
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Due at the end of week 7 (Sunday February 28, 2021 at midnight)
You need to conduct some research related to your own interests or to serve the interests of some organization
(employer/client/sponsor). Before you start writing a formal proposal, you (or your employer/client/sponsor) would like to
gather some information about the problem as well as understand its importance.
Choose your research topic thoughtfully and submit the topic of your research proposal for approval the latest by the end of
Week 3 (Sunday January 31, 2021 at midnight). You can find the submission box in Week 3.
This part of your research proposal should be roughly 7-9 pages (excluding cover page, references and annex) and written
in paragraphs, report format. All citations and references for this course are to be done in the APA style.
HERE ARE THE KEY PARTS OF THIS PART OF THE PROPOSAL (PART 1):
Title of your research
Make it intriguing – (BUT LESS THAN 120 CHARACTERS)
Introduction/Background
Provide a brief description of what the proposed research topic is about, why is it important and how you came to be
interested in it.
Literature Review
The purpose of this assignment is to develop skills in finding and analyzing valid literary resources for your research.
The review should be written in an integral / synthetic style, and NOT as an annotated bibliography.
Please note: Use in-text citations to reference all ideas, concepts, text, and data that are not your own. If you make a
statement, back it up with a reference!
• Research a minimum of 15 relevant business-related literature sources (focus on material available in digital
format only for this course). Carefully choose your 15 "keepers" that are clearly related to your study. (Note: you
might need to find 30 to “keep” only 15).
• Identify major common themes encountered in the selected literature sources. For each theme, create its own
subsection within the literature review.
• For each theme / subsection of the literature review, explain the opinions of the authors and show their
similarities, differences, methods of acquisition of data, methods of data analysis and other pertinent information.
State how the reviewed research results relate to your proposed study.
• Identify the gaps in the literature and explain what needs to be done to move forward in your research.
Statement of the Problem
Detail the problem that you are considering. Explain:
• How are you defining and delimiting the specific area of the research?
• What is the gap that will be addressed by this research?
• What it is that you hope to learn by conducting this research?
• Discuss the anticipated outcomes and benefits to the researcher, the organization, or society.
Research Questions
Provide focused ...
This document provides guidance on writing a critical review. It defines a critical review as a text that discusses and evaluates another work such as an article or book. The purpose is to summarize and evaluate the text. A critical review follows a similar structure regardless of length, including an introduction, summary, and critique section. The introduction presents the work, its topic and purpose. The summary explains the key points without evaluation. The critique evaluates the strengths, weaknesses and features of the text based on criteria such as significance, methodology, arguments, and writing style. A conclusion restates the overall opinion and recommendations.
the critical literature research review.pptxJubilinAlbania
The document discusses the process of conducting a critical literature review. It explains that the literature review aims to narrow the research problem, develop a clear problem statement, and position the research relative to existing knowledge. The literature review process involves identifying published and unpublished work, evaluating this work in relation to the problem, and documenting sources. Key sources for the literature review include textbooks, journals, theses, conference proceedings, reports, newspapers, and the internet. The document provides guidance on searching for literature, evaluating sources, and documenting the literature review to avoid misrepresenting others' work and engaging in plagiarism.
This is lesson 4 of the course on Research Methodology conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Literature Review- Dr Ryan Thomas WilliamsRyan Williams
A review of the previous experiments and investigations done within our chosen topic area.
Shows how your chosen topic fits with the research that has gone before and puts this into context.
‘A researcher cannot perform significant research without first understanding the literature in the field’ (Boote and Beile, 2005: 3)
BUSI 610Literature Review Title Page and Outline Rubric(50 P.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUSI 610
Literature Review
Title Page and Outline Rubric
(50 Points)
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content
70%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not present
Title Page and Outline: Content
32 to 35 points
The title page and outline are present. The title page contains the required components. The outline is well developed and includes headings and subheadings. The framework of the Literature review is apparent and well established. It includes all the required components as follows:
· Title page
· Abstract
· Introduction
· Findings
· Conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further study
· References
29 to 31 points
The title page and outline are present. Most of the components of the title page and outline are present. The outline contains headings and some subheadings. The framework of the Literature review can be seen but work is required.
1 to 28 points
The title page or outline are not complete. Many components are not present for the title page and/or the outline. The framework of the Literature Review is not apparent.
0 points
Not present
Structure 30%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not present
Title Page and Outline: Grammar and Spelling, APA formatting
(30%)
14 to 15 points
Spelling and grammar are correct. The assignment includes an outline that was per the APA format (Alphanumeric, Full sentence, or decimal). The entries are properly formatted. A cover sheet (title page) is present that is formatted per APA.
13 points
Spelling and grammar has some errors. Some APA formatting issues are present. A cover sheet (title page) is present that is formatted per APA.
1 to 12 points
Spelling and grammar errors distract. The annotations are poorly formed. APA formatting is not used. There is not a cover sheet (title page) present or it is not formatted per APA
0 points
Not present
BUSI 610
Literature Review Instructions
What Is a Literature Review?
A literature review is a survey and a discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic; it is generally organized chronologically or thematically. A literature review is also written in essay format.
A literature review is not an annotated bibliography because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is also not a summary; rather, a literature review evaluates previous and current research in regards to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research. Therefore, a literature review is more than an annotated bibliography or a summary because you are organizing and presenting your sources in terms of their overall relationship to your problem statement.
A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study. By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field and also where there are weaknesses, ga.
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PART 1:
Assignment 3: Final Project Annotated Bibliography
Craft a research question on the topic you selected in your first discussion question post. Then locate at least five articles from peer-reviewed journals that pertain to your question that will be used to write the introduction section of your research proposal.
Submit these five citations in the form of an APA-style reference page. Under each citation, write one paragraph summarizing the main points of the article. As you read your articles, keep the following questions at hand; these will help you generate the information about each article.
· What were the topic/research questions being investigated?
· How was the study conducted (participants, materials, procedure, etc.)?
· What did the results reveal?
· How might these methodological considerations affect the research findings and the conclusions drawn from them?
· How does this article fit in with your paper? How did it influence your own ideas about your paper?
Based on your reading of the literature, what do you expect to find?
Include a hypothesis and a title page for your submission.
Submit your paper to the
Submissions Area
by the due date assigned
. All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.
Assignment 3 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Created a research question based on a research topic approved by the instructor and submitted a testable hypothesis.
15
Submitted citations in the form of an APA-style reference page for five articles and included a paragraph summarizing each article and discussing its relevance.
40
Ensured that all the articles are from peer-reviewed journals.
20
Submitted a title page for the submission.
5
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
PART 2:
Instructions
Based on the feedback you received on your submission from last week, submit a revised draft of your paper with this additional information:
1. Five additional references that could be used for your research paper and include a 1-2 sentence description for each of the five additional references, explaining how they fit with the research topic and the research question proposed. Make sure that these references come from scholarly sources using Argosy's library resources.
2. A very detailed
outline
of what you would like to cover in the intro/lit review of your paper. Write it as an outline and think about what you want each paragraph or section to cover. Paste your references into each section where the information from that article applies to the topic. Below is an example of the outline although the references have not been pasted in yet:
a. Introduction or Statement of the Problem (e.g. Predictors of Depression ...
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It outlines that a literature review critically evaluates prior research relevant to the topic. It should identify what is already known about the research problem and can point out effective and ineffective research strategies. The review should be focused on studies closely related to the research problem. Both qualitative and quantitative researchers may construct literature reviews, but qualitative researchers are more likely to do so after starting their study. The document provides tips for searching literature, evaluating sources, summarizing information, organizing the review, and writing it in an effective manner.
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1. 1
This resource was written 2009 by: Philip Mayer, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center
(http://www.plantscience.ethz.ch/education/Masters/courses/Scientific_Writing)
Guidelines for writing a Review Article
A) Good to know about review articles
B) Elements of a review article
C) Guidelines for preparing a review article in 18 steps
D) Examples of high-quality review articles in the plant sciences (to be used in
your own work)
E) References used in this Guideline
A) Good to know about review articles
What is a review article?
• A critical, constructive analysis of the literature in a specific field through summary,
classification, analysis, comparison.
• A scientific text relying on previously published literature or data. New data from the
author’s experiments are not presented (with exceptions: some reviews contain new
data).
• A stand-alone publication. Literature reviews as integral parts of master theses, doctoral
theses or grant proposals will not be considered here. However, many tips in this
guideline are transferable to these text types.
What is the function of a review article?
• to organize literature
• to evaluate literature
• to identify patterns and trends in the literature
• to synthesize literature
• to identify research gaps and recommend new research areas
Who is the audience of review articles?
• experts in specific research areas
• students or novice researchers
• decision-makers
Review articles targeted at the last two groups: Extended explanations of subjects or of
subject-specific language are mandatory (e.g. through the uses of information boxes or
glossaries).
Which types of review articles exist?
Types by methodological approach
• Narrative review
Selected studies are compared and summarized on the basis of the author’s experience,
existing theories and models. Results are based on a qualitative rather than a
quantitative level.
• Best evidence review
A focus on selected studies is combined with systematic methods of study-selection and
result exploration.
• Systematic review
Findings from various individual studies are analyzed statistically by strict procedures.
Meta-Analyses are used to pool the results of individual studies.
2. 2
Types by objective (Noguchi 2006)
• Status quo review
Presentation of the most current research for a given topic or field of research.
• History review
Development of a field of research over time.
• Issue review
Investigation of an issue (i.e. a point of disagreement or a question) in a specific field of
research.
• Theory/model review
Introduction of a new theory or model in a specific field of research.
Types by mandate
• Invited reviews: experienced researchers are invited
• Commissioned reviews: formal contracts of authors with clients
• Unsolicited submissions: researchers develop an idea for a review and submit it to
journal editors
How long is a review article?
Review articles vary considerably in length. Narrative reviews may range between 8,000 and
40,000 words (references and everything else included). Systematic reviews are usually
shorter with less than 10,000 words.
B) Elements of a review article
Title
Function Helping readers to decide whether they should read the text or not.
Includes terms for indexing (e.g. in data bases).
Elements The title must be informative:
• The title has to include important terms.
• It has to indicate that the text is a review article.
• It may include the message of the article, not just its
coverage (Gustavii 2003).
The title must be short:
• Keep the title concise.
• A longer subtitle may be an option in case a specification is
necessary.
Tense In a title with results indicated: the present tense stresses the
general validity of the results and illustrates what the author is
trying to achieve with the article; the past tense indicates that
results are not established knowledge yet.
Citations None
Length between eight to 12 words (Davis 2005)
Question The title should only be a question if this question remains
unanswered at the time of writing.
3. 3
List of authors
Function Declare intellectual ownership of the work,
provide contact information
Elements 1) Decision on authorship:
• Every person that contributed significantly to the literature
search, literature exploration and/or writing process.
2) Order of authors:
• The first author has done most of the research and written
major parts of the article.
• Authors between first and last author have contributed in
one way or the other to the success of the project. They
may be ordered alphabetically (indicating equality) or in a
sequence of decreasing involvement.
• The last author usually coordinated the project and had the
original idea.
IMPORTANT: Discuss authorship as early as possible!
Abstract
Function Informs about the main objectives and result of the review article
(informative abstract) or indicates the text structure (descriptive
abstract).
Descriptive abstract - for narrative reviews
Elements Description of subjects covered without specific details. A
descriptive abstract is like a table of contents in paragraph form.
Tense present
Informative abstract - for systematic and best evidence reviews
Elements 1) Objectives: One or two sentences describe the context and
intention of the review.
2) Material and methods: One or a few sentences provide a
general picture of the methodological approach.
3) Results: A few sentences describe main outcomes.
4) Conclusions: One or two sentences present the conclusion
(which is linked to the objectives).
Tense objectives: present
material and methods, results: past
conclusions: present
Citations usually none
Length usually 200 to 250 words
Table of Contents
4. 4
Function Shows the readers the organisation of the text. Helps orientation
among sections.
Note Some review journals print an outline/table of contents at the
beginning of the article, others do not. In general, these are
recommended for extensive narrative reviews.
Introduction
Function Provides information about the context, indicates the motivation for
the review, defines the focus, the research question and explains
the text structure.
Elements Elements of a three paragraph introduction (after Anonymous
2003).
1) Subject background. The general topic, issue, or area of
concern is given to illustrate the context.
2) “Problem”. Trends, new perspectives, gaps, conflicts, or a
single problem is indicated.
3) Motivation/justification. The author’s reason for reviewing the
literature, the approach and the organisation of the text are
described.
Tense present (use past tense for the description of your methods and
your results)
Citations many
Length Between 10% and 20% of the core text (introduction, body,
conclusions).
Note Make sure to have a narrow focus and an explicit research
question. Indicate these two points clearly in the introduction.
Give theoretical or practical justifications for the need for a review.
Body: Material and Methods
Function Systematic and best evidence reviews have a methods section.
This section enables motivated researches to repeat the review.
Narrative reviews do not have a methods section but should
include some information about applied methods at the end of the
introduction.
Elements The material and methods section contains for example
information about: data sources (e.g. bibliographic databases),
search terms and search strategies, selection criteria
(inclusion/exclusion of studies), the number of studies screened
and the number of studies included, statistical methods of meta-
analysis.
5. 5
Tense past
Citations few (e.g. to statistical analyses or software used)
Length Approx. 5% of the core text (introduction, body, conclusions).
Note Make sure that data sources are clearly identified. Precision has
first priority in the material and methods section.
Body: Main Part of the Review Article
Section structure A coherent structuring of the topic is necessary to develop the
section structure (Bem 1995). Subheadings reflect the organisation
of the topic and indicate the content of the various sections.
Possible criteria for structuring the topic are:
• methodological approaches
• models or theories
• extent of support for a given thesis
• studies that agree with another versus studies that disagree
• chronological order
• geographical location
Paragraph structure • Cover one idea, aspect or topic per paragraph.
• Avoid referring to only one study per paragraph; consider
several studies per paragraph instead.
Links • Frequently link the discussed research findings to the research
question stated in the introduction. These links create the a
thread of coherence in your review article.
• Link the studies to one another. Compare and discuss these
relationships.
Tense According to Ridley (2008) three tenses are frequently used:
• Present: reporting what another author thinks, believes, writes,
reporting current knowledge or information of general validity,
e.g. It is believed…
• Simple past: referring to what a specific researcher did or
found, referring to a single study, e.g. They found…
• Present perfect: referring to an area of research with a number
of independent researchers involved, e.g. They have found…
6. 6
Citations Citations are usually indirect but in some cases pointed and
relevant remarks might be cited directly.
• Non-integral references (indirect): The author’s name, or a
number referring to the reference list, appears in brackets.
Non-integral references emphasize the idea, result, theory etc.
rather than the person behind it (Ridley 2008). Most references
in biology are non-integral.
• Integral references (direct): The author’s name has a
grammatical function in the text. As Ridley (2008) points out
this type is appropriate to emphasize the contribution of a
specific author.
Length 70 to 90% of the core text (introduction, body, conclusions).
Note Make sure to organise the different pieces of information into a line
of argument. An appropriate organisation of information is all-
important for the quality of a review (Day & Gastel 2006).
Throughout it is important that the idea/topic (paragraph 3 of the
Introduction) drives the article and not the literature used; write an
idea-driven, rather than literature-driven article!
Conclusions
Function Answer the research question set in the introduction.
Elements • implications of the findings
• interpretations by the authors (kept separate from factual
information)
• identification of unresolved questions
Tense present: summarising and drawing conclusions
present perfect: referring to an area of research or a body of
literature
Citations few or none
Length 5 to 10% of the core text (introduction, body, conclusions).
Note Make sure to have a clear take home message that integrates the
points discussed in the review. Make sure your conclusions are not
simply a repeat of the abstract!
Acknowledgements
Function • Expresses gratitude to people who helped with the literature
search, the structuring of the material or in the writing process
(but whose contribution is too small to justify co-authorship).
• Expresses gratitude to funding organisation and specifies the
funding program (often required by funding agencies).
7. 7
Elements • Full names of people and their specific contributions to the
project are given.
• The name of the funding agency and program as well as the
grant number and the person to whom it was awarded are
mentioned.
Tense present (past tense when referring to funding agencies in
terminated projects)
Citations none
References
Function • Shows interested readers how to find the literature
mentioned in the text.
• Acknowledges the work of other scientists.
• Compulsory to avoid charges of plagiarism
Elements Include every reference cited in the text. Do not include additional
references. Avoid internet sources. If internet sources must be
used, find the original source for the internet reference, check it
has been correctly cited and cite it directly.
Length A range between 50-100 references is in most cases appropriate.
Note • For narrative reviews the inclusion of all relevant, high-
quality studies is the target.
• Systematic and best evidence reviews need explicit criteria
for the inclusion/exclusion of studies from which they got
the data.
Illustrations: Concept Maps
Function Concept maps are used in review articles to visualize the
structuring of the topic, to show the relationships between studies,
concepts, models or theories.
Organisation of data Boxes with terms or names are arranged in a two-dimensional
space. Arrows are used to link boxes. Specifications of the
relationship are written on the arrows.
Legend The legend describes the concept map’s content. It is specific and
informative (it should be possible to understand the map without
reading the full text).
Note Concept maps are very useful to display complex relationships.
Boxes Often provided to explain terms/concepts for those who are
interested in certain issues more in depth.
Glossary Often provided to explain terms particular to a subject area so that
as broad an audience as possible may be reached.
8. 8
If you want to include
tables or figures in
your review article…
…see Guidelines for writing a Research Article
C) Preparing a review article in 18 steps
stage step
prepare 1. narrow the topic, define a few research questions or
hypotheses
2. search for literature sources, refine topic and research
questions during the search*
3. read, evaluate, classify and make notes
4. redefine the focus and the research questions, define the
take-home message
5. compose a preliminary title
develop structure 6. find a structuring principle for the article (e.g. chronological,
subject matter, experimental procedure)
7. prepare an outline, find headings for the sections in the text
body
8. plan the content of each paragraph in the different sections
9. prepare tables, concept maps, figures
write draft 10. draft the methods section (if needed)
11. draft the body sections
12. draft the conclusions
13. draft the introduction
14. draft the abstract
revise 15. revise drafts of different sections, abstract & title, tables,
figures & legends
16. revise citations and references
17. correct grammar, spelling, punctuation
18. adjust the layout
*
In systematic and best evidence reviews additional points have to be defined and considered in the
preparation stage:
• selection of databases, published data and other resources, search strategy
• criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies (comparability of methods is an important point here)
• statistical procedures for the analysis of studies (meta-analysis)
• treatment of qualitative research presented in the review
All these points have to be described in the material and methods section. In addition, a detailed
review protocol is required by some contracting bodies.
IMPORTANT: For all types of review articles: Make sure to ask competent persons for
feedback in the stages “prepare”, “develop structure”, and “revise”.
D) Examples of high-quality review articles in the plant sciences
High impact review journals in the plant sciences
9. 9
Annual Review of Plant Biology
Current Opinion in Plant Biology
New Phytologist: “Tansley review” series (commissioned, paid)
Trends in Ecology and Evolution
Trends in Plant Science
Nature Reviews Genetics*
Nature Reviews Microbiology*
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology*
Sample review articles
Narrative review: Kessler A. & I. T. Baldwin (2002). Plant responses to insect herbivory: The
emerging molecular analysis. Annual Review of Plant Biology 53: 299 – 328.
The structure includes:
• Title – in this case does not indicate that it is a review article.
• Abstract – includes a description of subjects covered.
• Table of Contents – shows the reader the organization of the text (overview)
• Introduction includes a description of context (paragraph 1 – 3), motivation for review
(paragraph 4, sentence 1) and defines the focus (paragraph 4, sentences 2 – 3)
• Body – structured by headings and subheadings
• Conclusion – states the implications of the findings and an identifies possible new
research fields
• References (“Literature Review”) – organised by number in the order they were cited
in the text.
Systematic review: Ashmann T-L. & C. J. Majetic (2006). Genetic constraints on floral evolution: a
review and evaluation of patterns. Heredity 96: 343 – 352.
The structure includes:
• Title – informs us it is a review
• Informative Abstract – informs us this is a meta-analysis (novel analysis in a novel
context of previously published data)
• Introduction
• Body – Material & Methods, Results (including the use of tables and figures to display
novel findings), Discussion
• Conclusion – a listing of novel findings of the meta-analysis
• References – organised alphabetically
This is structured like a research article (see Guidelines for writing a Research Article)
*
Not specific to plant sciences but none the less important media in this field.
E) References
Anonymous (2003): Tips for conducting a literature review. Centre AlphaPlus. Available on
http://alphaplus.ca/pdfs/litrev.pdf; accessed 12 November 2008.
Bem, D.J. (1995): Writing a review article for Psychological Bulletin. Psychological Bulletin
118 (2): 172-177.
Day, R.A., Gastel, B. (2006): How to write and publish a scientific paper. Sixth edition.
Greenwood Press, Westport.
10. 10
Noguchi, J. (2006): The science review article – An opportune genre in the construction of
science. Linguistic Insights Volume 17. Peter Lang, Bern.
Ridley, D. (2008): The literature review – a step-by-step guide for students. Sage
Publications, London.