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A multinational organization operates in more than one country, with its headquarters in one home country and operations in multiple host countries. Multinationals transfer technology, capital, and entrepreneurship between countries, increasing investment, income, employment, and availability of products in host countries while helping equalize costs globally and integrate economies. They provide benefits like jobs, skills, and modernization to host countries, while gaining advantages like access to cheap labor and materials for the home country. Common multinational organizations include companies like Coca-Cola, Toyota, and Nestle that have global operations across many nations.
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Cost benefit analysis of FDI
Foreign direct investment can provide both costs and benefits to multinational corporations and host countries. For host countries, some benefits include improving the balance of payments, providing employment, and being a source of tax revenue, while transferring technology. However, costs include potential cultural and political interference, unhealthy competition for domestic businesses, and overutilization of resources. For multinational corporations, benefits are access to new markets and resources, while reducing costs of production. However, risks include political changes in host countries, hindering domestic investment, economic non-viability of projects, and possible expropriation of assets. A cost-benefit analysis is required to determine if the benefits outweigh the costs before making foreign direct investments.
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Cultural globalization can spread both cultural products like films and songs, as well as cultural attitudes like democracy and human rights. While globalization is often seen as westernization, the West dominated due to historical factors like the Reformation, Renaissance, Industrial Revolution, and strong navies. Cultural globalization in India was impacted by the Aryan migration which introduced the caste system and Sanskrit language, Muslim invasions which spread Islam and influenced art/architecture, and Western colonization which spread Christianity, abolished rituals, introduced education/celebrations, and led to the rise of nationalism and rediscovery of India's past.
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Globalisation
Globalization is the process of interacting and sharing technology, skills, knowledge, and culture with other countries through various modes like trade, cultural exchange, political cooperation, science, and media. The history of globalization is divided into three periods from 1492 to the present: globalization of countries from 1492-1800; globalization of companies from 1800-2000; and globalization of individuals from 2000 to the present. Factors influencing globalization include communications, transport, and trade liberalization. While globalization provides benefits like access to new markets and technologies, it also poses challenges such as increased inequality and threats to local cultures.
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Wal mart 1
- Walmart's supply chain helped lower costs through continuous cost control, asset utilization, and IT investments which supported its low price strategy. However, it may not be able to generate the same advantages in India's fragmented retail market.
- India's retail sector was highly fragmented and regulated, with 98% of the market being small, unorganized stores. The organized retail sector made up just 2% of the market.
- A SWOT analysis of the Bharti-Walmart joint venture found strengths in Walmart's supply chain capabilities and Bharti's local experience and brand, but weaknesses in facing competition from other Indian retailers and potential limits from evolving government policy.
Culture and globalization sociology
This document discusses the impacts of globalization on rural India. It defines globalization as the process of international integration through increased world trade, advanced communication, and greater mobility. Globalization has abolished intermediaries in rural economies and developed credit facilities and technology. It has generated rural employment, empowered women, and changed lifestyles and customs. While globalization has benefited farmers through new practices and crops, it has also led to mono-cropping, deforestation, and greater inequality. Overall, the document argues that globalization has transformed modern India but that rural areas must proceed cautiously to avoid potential harms.
Globalisation final
This document discusses various aspects of globalization including definitions, features, positive and negative effects, challenges, and the roles of international organizations like IMF, World Bank, WTO, MNCs, and differences between FDI and portfolio investment. It provides country-specific examples regarding globalization in India and its impact. International coordination and management are needed to maximize globalization's benefits and minimize its risks.
Culture Change, Globalization, and the Future
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One of the major forces of globalization in India has been in the growth of outsourced IT and business process outsourcing (BPO) services. The last few years have seen an increase in the number of skilled professionals in India employed by both local and foreign companies to service customers in the US and Europe in particular. Taking advantage of India’s lower cost but educated and English-speaking work force, and utilizing global communications technologies such as voice-over IP (VOIP), email and the internet, international enterprises have been able to lower their cost base by establishing outsourced knowledge-worker operations in India.
Globalisation and Outsourcing : Impact on Agriculture and Politics
This is a Powerpoint Presentation on Globalization and Outsorcing . It includes Acknowledgement, meaning of globalization, impact on agriculture,impact on politics. impact of globaliazation on Indian Economy.
This presentation is made by Nikhil Gupta (nikhilgupta1998@yahoo.in)
Impact of globalization on Small Scale Business
The purpose of this power-point presentation is to give you a brief background on the Effect/Impact of globalization on Small Scale Business.
Globalization and Indian Economy
Globalization has become an inescapable reality in today's society. It refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through trade, capital and information flows, and movement of people. While globalization has increased economic growth and opportunities in many countries, it has also contributed to rising inequality, threats to national culture and sovereignty, and greater economic disruptions that can spread across borders. As India has opened its economy to global trade and investment since the 1990s, it has experienced rapid GDP growth but also increased poverty, unemployment, and social issues alongside prosperity for some. India needs further reforms to fully leverage globalization while managing its risks and disadvantages.
Trend analysis and problems & solutions of export of indian handicraft industry
The document discusses trends in India's handicraft export industry over the past 5 years. It finds that while exports have increased from Rs. 8718.94 crores in 2008-09 to Rs. 23504.42 crores in 2012-13, the industry still faces challenges that limit its growth potential. Major issues include lack of access to credit, raw materials, and skilled labor as well as weak marketing, design capabilities, and reliance on established markets. The government has initiatives to support the industry but more efforts are needed to boost mechanization, participation in international trade fairs, and address other problems holding the industry back from greater export success. With improved support, the handicraft industry has strong future prospects to contribute to India
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This document discusses the impact of globalization on the Indian food industry. It begins by defining globalization as the integration of the world economy through reduced trade barriers and increased capital and information flow. Globalization has significantly impacted India since the 1990s when economic reforms opened up the country.
For the food industry, globalization presented both challenges in meeting new international standards, as well as opportunities for increased exports, investments, and adoption of new technologies. While some argue globalization benefits development, others worry it could harm small farmers and businesses. Overall, the food industry has adapted to globalization by improving quality systems, welcoming foreign partnerships, and gaining access to global markets.
India-Globalization Challenges
1. The document discusses India's increasing globalization and integration over time through trade and financial flows.
2. It highlights India's growing role in global trade through its many trade agreements and increasing foreign direct investment.
3. However, India also faces challenges to further globalization like a difficult business climate, bureaucracy, and corruption.
Globalisation and its impact on financial services
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies through cross-border flows of information, ideas, technologies, goods, services, capital, finance and people. While globalization has ebbed and flowed throughout history, the late 19th century saw significant global integration prior to World War I. More recently, India began globalizing its economy in 1991 in response to economic problems, introducing financial reforms, liberalizing trade, allowing foreign investment, and dismantling licensing regimes. Globalization has impacted India through increased economic growth, participation in global markets, and the arrival of multinational corporations operating in India.
Indian Economy & Globalisation
The document discusses globalization and its impact on the Indian economy. It notes that globalization has led to new trade and production patterns in India, with developing countries like India now able to produce finished goods rather than just exporting raw materials. It also discusses India's growing economy, with rising GDP, exports, FDI inflows, and per capita income. However, it notes India still faces challenges of unemployment and balancing economic growth with political demands.
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Nature of globalisation
This document discusses the nature, dimensions, reasons, stages and assessment of globalization. It also outlines the merits and demerits of globalization for companies and countries. Specifically, it defines globalization as companies operating across multiple locations linked by common ownership and resources. The dimensions include expanding business globally and developing a global outlook. Reasons for globalization include finding new markets and reducing costs. The stages range from initial exports to fully integrated global operations. The document also discusses the impacts of multinational corporations on host and home countries, as well as some criticisms of multinational corporations.
Multinational corporations
This document defines and discusses the characteristics, merits and demerits of multinational corporations from the perspective of both host and home countries. It begins by defining a multinational corporation as an enterprise operating in several countries but managed from one home country that derives at least 25% of its revenue from foreign operations. It then lists several characteristics of MNCs and discusses both the positive and negative impacts they can have on host countries, such as creating jobs but also potentially exploiting resources, as well as both the benefits and drawbacks for home countries like export opportunities but also risk of capital outflow.
International business 1
Globalization has led countries to become increasingly interdependent for goods and services due to factors like advances in technology and transportation, reductions in trade restrictions, and consumer demand for foreign products. International business involves commercial transactions between entities in different countries and regions that are subject to regulations and risks not present in domestic business, such as currency exchange and additional transportation costs. Common ways for companies to engage in international business include exporting, importing, contract manufacturing, licensing, franchising, and joint ventures.
Multinational corporations sudhakarant1608
A multinational corporation operates in multiple countries and controls production, marketing, and other facilities across borders. They aim to expand business beyond their home country and take advantage of lower labor costs abroad. Key features include large assets and turnover, centralized control from the head office, use of advanced technology, professional global management, and aggressive international marketing. While MNCs can boost investment, jobs, and technology transfer to host countries, they may also undermine national autonomy, acquire monopolies, drain resources, and avoid taxes through transfer pricing between subsidiaries.
Introduction to International Business
Introduction to International Business is a comprehensive study of the various aspects of International Business. This presentation will provide better insights into the definition, nature, scope, characteristics, approaches, reasons, advantages and disadvantages.
Multinational presentation by rachel and sophie
A multinational is a company that operates in two or more countries. While they create jobs and wealth globally through economies of scale, multinationals also face costs like capital outflows and engaging in anticompetitive behaviors. For workforces, multinationals provide greater career opportunities but also instability during economic downturns when significant reductions may occur. Multinationals benefit from access to cheaper labor and materials abroad but must address host country concerns over employment, training, and standards of living.
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The document discusses the importance and nature of international entrepreneurship. It notes that globalization has reduced distinctions between foreign and domestic markets. International entrepreneurship involves conducting business across national boundaries through activities like exporting, licensing, or opening foreign sales offices. Compared to domestic business, international business faces different economic, political, legal and technological environments across countries at varying stages of development. The document outlines some key factors international entrepreneurs must consider, such as currency differences, infrastructure, legal systems, and language barriers. It also lists common motivations for businesses to pursue global markets like profits, competitive pressures, and unique opportunities. Finally, it describes important traits of successful international entrepreneurs like embracing change, having a strong drive to achieve, establishing clear vision,
globalization and introduction to international marketing
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interaction of economies, markets, technologies and cultures around the world. There are several key aspects of globalization, including the integration of economies and financial markets, opportunities for businesses and labor to operate internationally, and the growth of multinational corporations. While globalization can generate economic opportunities, its benefits are often unevenly distributed and can increase inequality between rich and poor. Major players in globalization include multinational firms, organizations like the WTO that negotiate trade agreements, and the World Bank and IMF that provide loans to governments. For firms to operate globally, they must consider factors like market regulations, infrastructure, government support, resources and competitors in foreign markets when deciding how to enter new countries
Foreign capital & technology
The document discusses foreign capital, investment, and technology. It defines foreign capital as funds flowing into a country from abroad, which can come as foreign aid, loans, or grants. Foreign investment occurs when a country invests assets or securities in a company located in another nation. Theories discussed include theories of capital movement, internalization theory, eclectic theory, market imperfections theory, and location-specific advantage theory. Factors affecting international investment are also examined, such as political, legal, economic, taxation, financial, and human resource factors. The document also explores foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, technological environment, transfer of technology, and various methods of transferring technology.
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
Multinational corporations (MNCs) own or control production in multiple countries besides their home country. They have large-scale international operations through things like imports/exports, foreign investments, contract manufacturing, and opening plants abroad. MNCs can benefit host countries by increasing investment, employment, and income as well as transferring technology. However, they may also threaten economic sovereignty, kill local businesses through monopolies, and deplete natural resources. Both home and host countries experience advantages like jobs, exports, and development, but also disadvantages like unfavorable capital flows and neglect of the home country.
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This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), including why it has increased globally, different types of FDI, factors influencing FDI decisions, and costs and benefits of FDI for both host and source countries. Key points covered include that FDI has grown faster than global trade in recent decades due to factors like globalization and economic liberalization. FDI can take various forms like horizontal, vertical, or strategic asset-seeking investments. John Dunning's eclectic paradigm explains FDI decisions as being influenced by ownership, location, and internalization advantages. Governments pursue different policies toward FDI based on ideological views ranging from free market to pragmatic nationalism.
Globalisation ppt 2
The document discusses various aspects of globalization including:
1) Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interaction between countries through international trade, flow of capital and technology.
2) Key drivers of globalization include multinational corporations, the WTO, World Bank and IMF.
3) Firms operate globally to access new markets, raw materials, labor and gain economies of scale. However, globalization benefits are not evenly distributed.
Multinational Financial Management: An Overview
The document provides an overview of international financial management for multinational corporations (MNCs). It discusses key concepts such as:
1) The main goal of MNCs is to maximize shareholder wealth, but agency conflicts can arise due to differing interests between managers and shareholders.
2) MNCs must decide whether to take a centralized or decentralized approach to management, balancing control and responsiveness.
3) Several theories help explain why firms expand internationally, such as comparative advantage and product life cycle theories.
4) MNCs have various methods to conduct international business, from exports to foreign direct investment through subsidiaries. Managing risks from foreign exchange, economies, and politics is important.
IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
International business earns foreign exchange by exporting goods and services worldwide, which helps make profits and strengthen the home economy. It optimally utilizes resources from around the world, such as using finance and technology from rich countries and raw materials and labor from poor countries. International business can easily achieve its objective of high profits by using the best technology, employees, managers, and selling high-quality goods globally. It spreads business risks across multiple countries so losses in one place can be offset by gains elsewhere. International business improves efficiency through modern management techniques, qualified employees and managers, and training and incentives. Governments provide it benefits and facilities due to the foreign exchange it brings in.
foreign direct investment in India (n) economy
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has played an important role in the development of the Indian economy. FDI in India has - in a lot of ways - enabled India to achieve a certain degree of financial stability, growth and development. This money has allowed India to focus on the areas that may have needed economic attention, and address the various problems that continue to challenge the country.
Globalisation
The term globalization derives from the word globalize, which refers to the emergence of an international network of economic systems. Globalisation refers to rapid increase in the share of economic activity taking place across national borders. It goes beyond the international trade includes goods and services, delivered &sold & movement of capital.
Globalization or globalisation is the trend of increasing interaction between people or companies on a worldwide scale due to advances in transportation and communication technology, normally beginning with the steamship and the telegraph in the early to mid-1800s. With increased interactions between nation-states and individuals came the growth of international trade, ideas, and culture. Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects, but conflicts and diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization.
Business and the international economy
This document discusses how globalization and international trade impact businesses. It provides opportunities like selling exports in foreign markets or opening factories in other countries with lower costs of production. However, it also presents threats such as increased competition from imports or multinational companies setting up local operations. Governments may introduce tariffs and quotas to protect domestic firms from foreign competition. Multinational companies operate in multiple countries for benefits like producing in low-cost locations or expanding into new markets. However, they can also force out local businesses or influence governments. Changing exchange rates can help or hurt businesses depending on whether they export or import.
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS?
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS?
Advantages of International Business:
Dis-Advantages of International Business:
5 kinds of International best Business:
Foreign direct investment (fdi).
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT EXPLAINED IN one MINUTE
Imports @ Exports
What are Multinational Corporations(MNCs)?
What are MNCs?
A multinational corporation or worldwide enterprise is an organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in one or more countries other than their home country.
It can also be referred as an international corporation, a "transnational corporation", or a stateless corporation.
MNC`s By Hitesh Jaswani
This presentation discusses multinational companies (MNCs). It defines an MNC as a corporation registered in more than one country that has operations in multiple countries. The presentation outlines advantages and disadvantages of MNCs for home and host countries, including job creation but also cultural loss. It also discusses challenges faced by MNCs like shortage of skilled labor, and concludes that while MNCs provide benefits like investment, they must be regulated to prevent exploitation.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
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crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdWalmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
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Steven and ihram's multinational business
- 1. Multinational Business By Steven & Ihram
- 2. A multinational organization has operations in more than one nation. Its management headquarters are in one country, known as the home country, and the organisation operates in several other countries, known as host countries. What is a Multinational?
- 3. Transfer of technology, capital and entrepreneurship. They increase the investment level and thus the income and employment in the host country. Greater availability of products for local consumers. Greater access to high quality managerial talent which tends to be scarce in host countries. Increase in exports and decrease in imports, thereby improving the balance of payment of host countries. Help in equalizing of cost of factors of production around the world. They provide an efficient means of integrating economics. Costs and benefits to host country:
- 4. Acquisition of raw material from abroad, which is cheaper in cost. Technology and management expertise acquired from competing in global markets. Export of components and finished goods for assembly or distribution in foreign markets. Inflow of income from overseas profits, royalties and management contracts. Jobs and career opportunities at home and abroad in connection with overseas opportunities. Helps modernise less developed countries Costs & benefits to home country:
- 5. Multinational businesses brings opportunities to those living in the host country. They gain more in wages than what the average wage in the country. Despite this being considerably lower than the US wage. This will allow them to have a better standard of living. MNEs may provide training and education for employees thus creating a higher skilled labour force. These skills may be transferred to other areas of the host country. Benefits to the workforce:
- 6. Utilizing factors of production from a number of countries. Cost advantage from cheap labour costs. Cheap raw material from different parts of the world. Influence on Government policies. Plays a key role in globalization Advantages of being a multinational
- 7. Examples of Multinational Organisation